Introduction to Microprocessors
and Digital Logic (ME262)
Spring 2011
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Course Note
Introduction to Microprocessors and Digital Logic Course Note
Campus Copy, EIT2022
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Optional Text Book
Author: M. M. Mano
Prentice Hall, 4th edition,
ISBN: 013198924-3
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Outline 1. Number Systems
2. Basic Gates
3. Boolean Algebra and Logic Equations
4. Combinational Logic
5. PLC and PLC Programming
6. Sequential Logic
7. Sensor and Sensor Technology
8. Computer and Computer Interfacing
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Midterm (15 June 2011)
Course Website
http://mme.uwaterloo.ca/~me262
Announcements
Slides
Assignments and solutions
Tutorial problems and solutions
Supplementary documents
Copyright permission only for educational purposes at UW 5
Grading Policy
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1. 20% Labs (attendance, finishing the lab
assignments, and writing reports)
2. 30% Midterm (15 June 2011)
3. 50% Final (TBA)
Laboratory
PLC Programming I
• No Report
PLC Programming II
• Report
Assembly Language I
• No Report
Assembly Language II
• Report
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Looks Simple but a Confusing
Course
Labs:
Hands-on experience
with PLC
Programming and
Assembly Language
94 Brilliant
Students
Terms and Conditions
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Academic Integrity: Plagiarism will not be tolerated. UW has recently started a university-wide initiative to increase students’ awareness about the academic
integrity. Please visit the following link for further information : http://uwaterloo.ca/academicintegrity/ .
Grievance: A student who believes that a decision affecting some aspect of his/her university life has been unfair or unreasonable may have grounds for
initiating a grievance. Read Policy 70, Student Petitions and Grievances, Section 4, www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy70.htm. When in doubt please
be certain to contact the department’s administrative assistant who will provide further assistance.
Discipline: A student is expected to know what constitutes academic integrity [check www.uwaterloo.ca/academicintegrity/] to avoid committing an academic
offence, and to take responsibility for his/her actions. A student who is unsure whether an action constitutes an offence, or who needs help in learning how to
avoid offences (e.g., plagiarism, cheating) or about “rules” for group work/collaboration should seek guidance from the course instructor, academic advisor, or
the undergraduate Associate Dean. For information on categories of offences and types of penalties, students should refer to Policy 71, Student Discipline,
www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy71.htm. For typical penalties check Guidelines for the Assessment of Penalties,
www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/guidelines/penaltyguidelines.htm.
Appeals: A decision made or penalty imposed under Policy 70 (Student Petitions and Grievances) (other than a petition) or Policy 71 (Student Discipline) may
be appealed if there is a ground. A student who believes he/she has a ground for an appeal should refer to Policy 72 (Student Appeals)
www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy72.htm .
Note for Students with Disabilities: The Office for Persons with Disabilities (OPD), located in Needles Hall, Room 1132, collaborates with all academic
departments to arrange appropriate accommodations for students with disabilities without compromising the academic integrity of the curriculum. If you
require academic accommodations to lessen the impact of your disability, please register with the OPD at the beginning of each academic term.
Accept Not Accept
Frankness and academic integrity
Teaching Philosophy
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Example isn’t another way to
teach, it is the only way to teach. You cannot teach people anything.
You can only help them to
discover it within themselves.
Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember.
Involve me and I learn.
History Invention of Abacus
Abacus invented by the Babylonians sometime
between 1,000 BC and 500 BC, although some
experts claim that it was actually invented in China.
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History Invention of Abacus
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Abacus application in iPhone!
History
Invention of Slide Rule
In the early 1600s, John Napier (1550-1617) , a
Scottish mathematician, invented a tool called
Napier's Bones, which were multiplication tables
inscribed on strips of wood or bone.
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History
Invention of Calculating Machine (Pascaline)
In 1642, the first mechanical calculators
integrated from gears, was invented by Blaise Pascal
(1623-1662), the famous French philosopher and
mathematician, when he was 19 years old!
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History
Invention of Difference Machine
Charles Babbage (1791-1871) invented the first
computer pioneer and the great ancestral figure in
the history of computing by introducing Difference
Machine in 1834. This device used the principles of
modern computer.
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History Invention of ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And
Computer)
It was built in the U.S. in 1945 by J. Presper Eckert and John W.
Mauchly. The massive ENIAC, which weighed 30 tons and filled
an entire room, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000
resistors, and 10,000 capacitors. In December 1945, it solved
its first problem, calculations for the hydrogen bomb! After
its official unveiling in 1946, it was used to prepare artillery-
shell trajectory tables and perform other military and scientific
calculations.
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J. Prespers Eckert
(1919-1995)
John W. Mauchly
(1907-1980)
History
Invention of Stored Program Concept
John Louis von Neumann (1903-1957), a brilliant
mathematician, invented the stored program
concept, whose logical design of the IAS machine
became the prototype of most of its successors :
the von Neumann Architecture.
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Memory
Control
Unit
Arithmetic
Logic Unit
Input Output
History
Invention of Transistor
John Bardeen (1908-1991), B. Shockley (1910-1989) and
Walter H. Brattain (1902- 1987), American physicists, co-
winners of the Nobel Prize for Physics in both 1956 and 1972,
for their joint invention of the transistor and development of
the theory of superconductivity.
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J. Bardeen (left),
W. Brattain (right),
W. Shockley (sitting)
A close-up of the first
transistor
Different type of
transistor
Generations in Computing
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1: Vacuum tube computers ( 1940s - 1 950s)
2: Transistors (1950s)
3: Integrated circuits (1960s)
4: LSI and VLSI (late 1970s to present)
Next Generation: Quantum Computing?
Applications
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Industrial computers, PLC,
Microprocessor,…
automation-drive.com
Applications
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Manufacturing Industry
usinenouvelle.com
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yf_1wfb04sI&feature=related
Applications
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Robotics
Why Digital System?
Digital systems have the following advantages over analogue
systems:
1. Storage concept can be easily implemented in digital
fashion
2. Miniaturization is doable by digital system
3. More flexible
4. More robust to noise
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“The wavy band inscribed with zeros and ones represents a flow of
information, digital communication and modern media.”
(www.gg.ca)