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Introduction to Enterprise Systems,
Enterprise Computer Models and SAP / R3
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Slide 2
Overview Introduction to today’s enterprise
computing ecosystem Summary of enterprise systems Summary of the SAP enterprise system
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Slide 3
The Enterprise Ecosystem We have traditional on premises
computer systems SAP / ORACLE
We utilize “the cloud” Clouds are categorized as public or private We run various types of services on these
clouds SaaS, PaaS, SOA, Web services
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Slide 4
A Taxonomy of the Cloud Public clouds
Pay as you go model for computing resources
No control of hardware or performance Limited to no long term contracts
Private clouds Always single tenant dedicated to a
company
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Slide 5
Cloud Stack
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Slide 6
Infrastructure as Service (IaaS) - 1
physical or virtual computing infrastructure (servers, storage, networking) are outsourced to external companies
We manage the operating system and applications running on these servers HIPPA compliance
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Slide 7
Infrastructure as Service (IaaS) - 2
Amazon EC2 provides hosted servers We can purchase SAP HANA instances on
the EC2 Microsoft Azure provides hosted
Windows and SQL Server instances in the cloud
Rackspace provides similar services
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Slide 8
Platform as a Service (PaaS) -1
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a paradigm for delivering operating systems and associated services over the Internet without downloads or installation We extend Salesforce.com through their
application programming interfaces (APIs) We talk to Facebook through its APIs
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Slide 9
Software as a Service (SaaS) - 1
SaaS provides access to specific application software through the cloud
Salesforce.com is built on this model We access the software entirely through
the Web Apprenda.com
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Slide 10
Software as a Service (SaaS) -2
Google Apps is akin to an web-based version of Office http://www.google.com/enterprise/apps/bu
siness/ Office 365 is office in the cloud
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/
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Slide 11
Characteristics of Enterprise Systems They are some of the most complex
systems in use today They are typically
N-tier systems made up of clients an application / business logic layer a data layer
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Slide 12
The SAP Enterprise System You access the SAP R3 program on a PC
via a software program known as NetWeaver
The database and application lives on virtualized servers at Chico State University
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Slide 13
Core ERP Functions – From the SAP point of view Financial accounting (FI)
Records all financial transaction for external reports
Controlling Accounting (CO) Receives data from other components to
manage overhead and product costs Production Planning (PP)
Records all production information (BOM, routing, MRP
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Slide 14
Core ERP Functions – From the SAP point of view Materials Management (MM)
Records all material-related information (vendors, purchasing, storage location in warehouses, …)
Sales and Distribution (SD) Records all data related to customers
(distribution channels, pricing, sales info) Plant Maintenance (PM)
Record maintenance equipment schedules, maintenance orders, and maintenance materials
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Slide 15
Core ERP Functions – From the SAP point of view Human Capital Management (HCR)
Record all employee information Project Systems (PS)
Record cost and completeness of projects Quality Management (QM)
Track quality of purchased or procured materials and develop quality history
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Slide 16
The SAP Ecosystem
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Slide 17
SAP Clients You run a program called NetWeaver on
your PC or Windows computer NetWeaver allows you to connect to an
application server There are several at Chico State You communicate with these application
servers via the SAP Easy Access Menu
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Slide 18
SAP NetWeaver Login You use NetWeaver
to connect to the application servers at Chico State
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Slide 19
SAP NetWeaver (Easy Access) Drill-down Easy Access menu to run
transactions)
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Slide 20
The SAP Application Server (1)
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Slide 21
The SAP Application Server (2) The dispatcher accepts transactional
requests and hands them off to work processes for actual execution
These work processes, in turn, record changes to the central DBMS
Roughly speaking this process is called a unit of work A logical unit of work has a transaction
code
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Slide 22
Logical Unit of Work (Introduction) The unit of work concept ensures
transactional integrity A sequence of database operations are
completed in their entirety or not at all An accounting transaction cannot end up
“partially recorded”, which would lead to an out of balance G/L
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Slide 23
Logical Unit of Work (Illustration)
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Slide 24
LOW (Example) This example demonstrates the
transaction to purchase supplies for cash
The transaction code is FB50
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Slide 25
LOW (Example) Screen 1 (Enter Document)
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Slide 26
LOW (Example) Screen 2 (Simulate Transaction)
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Slide 27
LOW (Example) Screen 3 (Post)
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Slide 28
The Data Layer The database contains about 25000
tables These tables store ALL application data As mentioned HANA, ORACLE, SQL
Server can be used as the database We can use the Data Browser to look at
these tables
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Slide 29
The Database (Example) The transaction that you just recorded
caused An accounting header record to be
recorded to the database table named BKPF
Transactional records were written to the table BSEG
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Slide 30
The Database (Example) The accounting
header record Table BKPF
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Slide 31
The Database (Example) The transactional entry has two records
(DR and CR
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Slide 32
The Database (Example) Debit and credit transactional records
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Slide 33
Organizational Data Organizations are usually structured
hierarchically Company ( table T001)
Accounting Finance Credit granting
Divisions Plants and warehouses Sales and marketing office
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Slide 34
Organizational Data (SAP) An organization (enterprise) runs on a
client The SAP term really has a unique meaning
in this context Think of the client as the server or server
clusters (instance) (enterprise) A client can have multiple companies
Roughly speaking, a company produces independent financial statements
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Slide 35
Organizational Data (Company) Table T001 contains the master
company records Global Bike has two companies
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Slide 36
Organizational Data (SAP) A company can have many facilities
Plants create goods and services Distribution centers store goods
(warehouses) In SAP, a distribution center is a type of
plant A company can have many purchasing
organizations and sales organizations A purchasing organization buys goods A sales organization sells them
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Slide 37
Organizational Data (Plant) The table T001W contains the list of
plants The table T001K associates plants with
companies
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Slide 38
The Global Bike Organizational Structure
Global Bike Group
Global Bike Inc. US00 Global Bike Germany GmbH DE00
Dallas Miami San Diego Heidelberg Hamburg
Enterprise
Companies
Locations (plants)
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Slide 39
Types of SAP Data SAP data is categorized into two types
Master data describes entities used across business transactions (long-term data)
Customers buy goods again and again for example
We buy goods from vendors Transactional data reflects the
consequences (outcomes) of executing process steps (transactions) related to master data
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Slide 40
Types of Master Data Materials (MARA)
Used in manufacturing Purchased from vendors and sold to
customers (trading goods) Customers (KNA1, KNB2, KNVV)
Buy goods from us Vendors
Sell goods to us
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Slide 41
Transactional Data Transactional data records the outcome
of a process Goods movement
Shipment documents Transfer of goods between warehouses
Financial documents Sales (Invoice and payment receipt –
accounts receivable) Purchase (PO to payment – accounts
payable)