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Intro to Sports MedicineIntro to Sports Medicine
Anatomical Directions and Movements
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Anatomical PositionAnatomical PositionA person in the
anatomical position is standing with the head, eyes and toes pointing forward, feet together with arms by the side. The palms of the hands are also point forward.
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Frontal PlaneFrontal Plane
The frontal plane divides the body into a front and back.
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Median PlaneMedian Plane
The median plane divides the body down the middle into right and left sections.
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Transverse PlaneTransverse Plane
The transverse plane runs across the body.
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Anatomical DirectionsAnatomical DirectionsAnteriorPosteriorMedialLateralProximalDistalSuperiorInferior
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AnteriorAnterior
Toward the front
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PosteriorPosterior
Toward the back
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MedialMedial
Toward the midline/ median plane of the
body.
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LateralLateral
Away from the midline of the body.
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ProximalProximal
Toward the body. (In relation to an extremity.)
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DistalDistal
Away from the body. (In relation to an extremity.)
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SuperiorSuperior
Upper or above
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InferiorInferior
Lower or below
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Movement TermsMovement TermsFlexionExtensionAbductionAdductionPronation Supination
InversionEversion RetractionProtractionRotationCircumductionPlantar flexionDorsi flexion
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FlexionFlexionBending movement that
decreases the angle between two parts.
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ExtensionExtension
A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.
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AbductionAbductionA motion that pulls a structure or
part away from the midline of the body.
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AdductionAdduction
A motion that pulls a structure or part towards the midline of the body.
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PronationPronationA rotation of the forearm that
moves the palm from a palm up position to a palm down position.
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SupinationSupinationA rotation of the forearm that
take the palm from a palm down position to a palm up position.
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InversionInversionThe movement of the bottom of
the foot towards the median plane.
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EversionEversion
The movement of the bottom of the foot away from the median plane.
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RetractionRetractionPosterior movement of the arms
at the shoulders.
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ProtractionProtraction
Anterior movement of the arms at the shoulders.
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RotationRotation
A motion that occurs when a part turns on its axis.
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CircumductionCircumductionThe circular (or, more precisely,
conical) movement of a body part.
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Plantar flexionPlantar flexionAnkle joint motion where the toes
point downward.
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Dorsi flexionDorsi flexion
Bending ankle so that the toes are raised.