Internet/Broadband-an overview
Faculty of Network Planning ALTTC, Ghaziabad.
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Brief History of the Internet
1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman) to create ARPAnet
1970 - First five nodes: • UCLA • Stanford • UC Santa Barbara • U of Utah, and • BBN
1974 - TCP specification by Vint Cerf 1984 – On January 1, the Internet with its 1000 hosts
converts en masse to using TCP/IP for its messaging
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Evolution of the Internet
1945 1995
Memex Conceived
1945
WWW Created
1989
Mosaic Created
1993
A Mathematical
Theory of Communication
1948
Packet Switching Invented
1964
Silicon Chip 1958
First Vast Computer Network
Envisioned 1962
ARPANET 1969
TCP/IP Created
1972
Internet Named
and Goes
TCP/IP 1984
Hypertext Invented
1965
Age of eCommerce
Begins 1995
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Internet Growth Trends
1977: 111 hosts on Internet 1981: 213 hosts 1983: 562 hosts 1984: 1,000 hosts 1986: 5,000 hosts 1987: 10,000 hosts 1989: 100,000 hosts 1992: 1,000,000 hosts 2001: 150 – 175 million hosts 2002: over 200 million hosts By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet
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Growth of Internet Hosts *Sept. 1969 - Sept. 2002
0
50,000,000
100,000,000
150,000,000
200,000,000
250,000,000
9/69
01/71
01/73
01/74
01/76
01/79
08/81
08/83
10/85
11/86
07/88
01/89
10/89
01/91
10/91
04/92
10/92
04/93
10/93
07/94
01/95
01/96
01/97
01/98
01/99
01/01
08/02
Time Period
No.
of H
osts
Sept. 1, 2002
Dot-Com Bust Begins
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Internet Users-Region Wise
0
50000000
100000000
150000000
200000000
250000000
AFR ASI EUR ME NA LA OCE
2000
2004
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Growth Rate % (2000-2004)
0
50
100
150
200
AFR ASI EUR ME NA LA OCE
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Internet Access-World Share
AFR 1% ASI
31%
EUR 28%
ME 2%
NA 29%
LA 7%
OCE 2%
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Internet Penetration %
0
20
40
60
80
100
USA UK AUS S-KR SWD SWZ ROW
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Internet (Penetration% - Asia%)
010203040506070
CHN IND JAP NPL PAK SGP SRL
Penetration % Asia %
1.5 7.
2
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Internet Users-2000 & 2004
0
20000000
40000000
60000000
80000000
100000000
CHN IND JAP NPL PAK SGP SRL
2000
2004
5,00
0,00
0 16
,580
,000
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Growth Rate % (2000-2004)
0200400600800
10001200
CHN IND JAP NPL PAK SGP SRL
% G
row
th
231.
6
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Broadband Policy-2004
Broadband connectivity as defined in Broadband policy-2004 is an “always on” data connection that is able to support interactive services including Internet access and has the capability of minimum download speed of 256 kbps to an individual subscriber from the POP of the service provider
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Broadband Policy-2004
Salient Features: • De-licensing of 2.40-2.48 Ghz band for outdoor low
output • Enabling VSAT operators to transmit data up to 2 Mbps
(At present 512 Kbps in CUG domestic network) • Allowing DTH operators to give one way Internet
facility. For bi-directional VSAT license will be required. • BSNL & MTNL to utilise copper and allowing them to
enter into arrangement with private players to utilise copper and content creation
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Broadband Services
High speed Internet Access Video-on-Demand Interactive Games Share market dealing & personal banking News, travel & leisure information Music/Movie Download Chatrooms & newsgroups
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Broadband Services
E-mail & instant messaging Personal websites and online magazines Educational materials & research resources Tele-medicine Work at home Internet radio & webcast concerts
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Broadband Users
There are about 100 million Broadband subscriber worldwide and are increasing by about 2,00,000 every month • Asia Pacific – 45% • USA – 30% • Europe, Middle East & Africa – 25%
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Broadband Penetration %
0 5
10 15 20 25 30
IND MAL CHN KOR
0.02 0.4 1.4
25
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Internet v Broadband Sub’s in India
0
10
20
30
40
2005 2007 2010
Internet Sub’s
Broadband Sub’s
6M 3M
18M
9M
40M
20M
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Broadband Technologies
Broadband Technologies
Wireless
3G Mobile
Wireline
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
LMDS & MMDS
FSO (Free Space Optics)
Satellite
DSL (Digital Sub’s Line)
Cable Modem
Optical Fibre Technologies
PLC (Power Line Communication)
WiMAX
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Wireless LAN Standards
Standard Data Rate (Max.)
Distance Frequency
IEEE 802.11a 54 Mbps 50 Meters 5.0 GHz
IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi)
11 Mbps 100 Meters
2.4 GHz
IEEE 802.11g (Backward
compatiable with 802.11b)
54 Mbps
100 Meters
2.4 GHz
HiperLAN2 (ETSI Standard)
54 Mbps 50 Meters
5.0 GHz
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Broadband Wireless Technologies
3G Mobile • Based on WCDMA & CDMA • Supports data rates
144 kbps for outdoor mobile environment 384 kbps in low mobility environment 2 mbps in indoor environment
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) • Wireless LAN with Broadband option • Most widely used LAN standard (IEEE 802.11b) • Uses 2.4 Ghz band & delivers 11 mbps of data over
distances of 100 meters
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Broadband Wireless Technologies
WiMAX-Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access • IEEE 802.16 standard defines the Wireless
MAN air interface specification • Complements Wi-Fi by providing wireless
broadband backhaul to 802.11 hotspots and last mile
• Service area range of 50 kms • Provides shared data rates up to 70 mbps in 2-
11 Ghz band
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Broadband Wireless Technologies
LMDS & MMDS • Provides point-to-multipoint two way broadband service • LMDS-Local Multipoint Distribution System
Operates in various bands such as 10.5 Ghz (8 kms) and 26 & 28 Ghz (3 kms)
Provides various interfaces at user end like E1, 4xE1, 10/100 BaseT Ethernet etc.
• MMDS-Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System Operates in 2-3 Ghz (20-40 kms radius) Provides high speed data rates upto 10 Mbps
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Broadband Wireless Technologies
FSO (Free Space Optics) • Also known as FSP (Free Space Photonics) or
Optical wireless • Enables optical transmission of data through
open space at near infrared wavelengths (Tera Hz)
• Offers 10 Mbps-2 Gbps over few kilometers
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Broadband Wireless Technologies
Satellite • Uses VSAT (very Small Aperture Terminals) &
DTH (Direct To Home) terminals • C, Ku & Ka bands are used for services
involving fixed terminals • L band is used for mobile services • Offers data rates 9.6 Kbps for a handheld
terminal and 60 Mbps for a fixed VSAT terminal • Future will support up to 155 Mbps
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Broadband Wireline Technologies
DSL-Digital Subscriber line • Technology for high bandwidth to home and
small businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines
• Achievable data rate depends on the distance and cable impairments
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DSL Technologies
Technology ITU-T Standard
Distance Downstream Data Rate
Upstream Data Rate
ADSL G-992.1 3.5 Kms 8 Mbps 640 Kbps
Splitterless ADSL G-992.2 4.0 Kms 1.5 Mbps 512 Kbps
ADSL- Extended Bandwidth
G-992.5 1.5 Kms 16 Mbps 100 Kbps
2 Wire High-Speed DSL G-991.2 3.0 Kms 2312 Kbps 2312 Kbps
4 Wire High-Speed DSL G-991.2 3.0 Kms 4624 Kbps 4624 Kbps
Very High-speed DSL G-993.1 300 Mts 52 Mbps 6-26 Mbps
Very High-speed DSL G-993.1 700 Mts 26 Mbps 26 Mbps
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Broadband Wireline Technologies
Cable Modem • Allows high speed access to the Internet via a
cable television network • Uses cable modem technology through the use
of Set-Top-Box at the customer premises
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Broadband Wireline Technologies
Optical Fibre Technologies • Optical fibre with its unmatched capacity to
carry enormous amount of information over unlimited distances can be deployed for broadband access in: PON (Passive Optical Network) FTTH (Fibre-To-The-Home) FTTC (Fibre-To-The-Curb) HFC (Hybrid Fibre Co-axial)
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Broadband Wireline Technologies
PLC-Power Line Communication • Also referred as BPL (Broadband over Power
Lines) • Can provide broadband Internet access
through ordinary power lines • Most extensive networks in the world,
surpassing the phone network as well as the cable network in size and coverage
• Suffers from technological challenges due to interference with noise, radio and television etc.
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