DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
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INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE FOR GIRLS
DEPARTMENT
OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
M.Sc. (BIOTECHNOLOGY)
SYLLABUS
2007-09
SEMESTER SCHEME
I SEMESTER EXAMINATION NOVEMBER
2007
II SEMESTER EXAMINATION APRIL 2008
III SEMESTER EXAMINATION NOVEMBER
2008
IV SEMESTER EXAMINATION APRIL 2009
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CELL BIOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE 121)
Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives :
To enable students to-
• understand the structural components of a cell.
• get an insight into the mechanics of cell cycle and programmed cell death.
• understand intercellular interaction and signal transduction.
• learn about techniques used in the study of cytology.
UNIT 1 Ultrastructure of Cells
Cell as a basic unit of living system, Cell diversity: Cell size, Cell as experiment models:
E. Coli, Yeast, C. elegans, Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophilla melanogaster, Structure
and functions of cell organelles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
15 Hrs.
UNIT II Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton: Self-assembly and dynamic structure of cytosketetal filaments, actin
filament, microtubules, movement of cilia and flagella.
Cell –Cell interaction: cell adhesion, tight and gap junctions, plasmodesmata.
10 Hrs.
UNIT III Cell cycle and apoptosis
Energy Conversion: Photophosphorylation, Oxidative phosphorylation, Evolution of
electron transport chain.
Cell cycle and apoptosis: Events in cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis, Key regulators of cell
cycle, programmed cell death and its control.
15 Hrs.
UNIT IV Transport across membranes
Membrane transport: Thermodynamics of transportation, passive and active mediated
transportation of molecules, Donnan equilibrium, Nernst equation, Na+- K
+ ATPase, H
+-
K+ ATPase, ion gradient driven transportation, mechanism of protein trafficking
15 Hrs.
UNIT V Signal transduction and Techniques in cell biology
Signal transduction: molecular basics of signal transduction in bacteria, plants and
animals, secondary messengers, perception of environmental signals, G- protein and
tyrosine kinase coupled receptors.
Basic techniques in cell biology: microscopy, cell fractionation method, GISH, FISH,
histochemical analysis, microtomy, staining and fixation.
20 Hrs.
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Books recommended:
Essential readings:
1. Molecular Biology of the Cell (2nd Edition) B. Alberts, D. Bray, J. Lewis, M.
Raff, K. Roberts, and J.D. Watson, Garland publishing. Inc., New York, 1994.
2. Molecular Cell biology (2nd Edition) J. Darnell, H. Lodish and D.Baltimore,
Scientific American Books,USA,1994.
3. Cell & Molecular Biology, (8th
edition), E D P Roberties & E M F Roberties,
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005
4. The cell, (5th
edition), R C Swanson and P C Webster , Prentice hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., 1990
References:
5. Cell and Molecular Biology, (3rd
edition), P Scheeler and D E Bianchi, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1987
6. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments, (4th
edition), G Karp,
John Wiley & sons, Inc., 2005
7. The cell. A Molecular Approach, (4th
edition), G H Cooper and R E Hausman,
ASM Press, 2007
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOCHEMISTRY & ENZYMOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE 122) Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• understand the chemistry of biomolecules
• understand the bioenergetic principles underlying biochemical reactions.
• understand the structure, mechanism of action and inhibition of enzymes.
UNIT I Chemical foundations of Biology
pH, pK, acids, bases, buffers, chemical bonds, Bioenergetics: Principles of
thermodynamics: free energy, important energy, rich molecules, standard free energy
change, concept of redox reactions. Principles of self assembly, Hierarchy of
molecular organization of living systems.
15 Hrs.
UNIT II Amino acids and proteins
Classification, Chemical Reactions and Physical Properties, purification and criteria
for homogeneity, structural organization of proteins- primary, secondary, tertiary and
quaternary structure. Conformational analysis. Ramachandran plot.
10 Hrs.
UNIT III Carbohydrates
Classification and reactions, types, structural features. Metabolism of carbohydrates,
main sources of carbohydrates, enzymatic conversion and mobilization as glucoses or
fructoses, glycolysis, Krebs cycle, terminal oxidation/ oxidative phosphorylation,
mechanism of ATP synthesis, rate controlling steps and regulation.
15 Hrs.
UNIT IV Lipids
Classification, Structure and functions, Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated
fatty acids, Metabolism of Lipid and fat bodies: Beta-oxidation and channeling of the
products to ATP production: minor pathway of fatty acid oxidation, (alpha and omega
oxidation), Biosynthesis of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, Ketone bodies,
membrane lipids-cholesterol, phospholipid and glycolipid; biosynthesis of fat soluble
vitamins; biosynthesis of Eicosonoids (prostaglandin, leucotriens and thromboxane).
15 Hrs.
UNIT V Enzymes
Kinetics: Rate of reactions, specific activity, molecular activity, Km, Kcat, Line
weaver Burk plot, enzyme inhibition, mechanism of enzyme catalysis (acid-base
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
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electrostatic, metal ion, free radicals, transition state binding and covalent catalysis,
proximity and orientation effects, contribution of strain. Factors affecting enzyme
activity, enzyme inhibition. Allosteric enzymes and bisubstrate reactions. Rationale
for modification of enzyme function. 20 Hrs.
Books Recommended:
Essential Reading:
1. Biochemistry, D.Voet and J.G.Voet, John Wiley & Sons, (2nd
Edition), 1995.
2. Principles of Biochemistry, Lehninger ,Nelson and Cox, (3rd
Edition), 1999.
3. Principles and Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edited by
Keith Wilson and John Walker, Cambridge University Press, (6th
Edition), 2007.
4. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by W.H. Elliot and Daphne C. Elliot,
Oxford University Press, (3rd
Edition), 2005.
5. Biochemistry, J. David Rawn, Panima Publishing Corporation, 1st Indian Reprint,
2004.
Reference:
1. Physical Biochemistry, D Friefelder, W.H. Freeman & Company, 17th
Reprint,
1999.
2. Understanding Chemistry, CNR Rao, University Press, Hyderabad 1999.
3. A Biologist's Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry,
K.Wilson & KH Goulding, ELBS Edition 1986.
4. Essentials of Molecular Biology, David Friefelder, Jones and Barllett
Publications,7th
Reprint, 2001.
5. Instant Notes- Biochemistry (1st Indian Edition), B.D. Hames and N.M. Hooper,
Viva Books Pvt, Ltd., , 2001.
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
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MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE 123) Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives: To enable students to-
• understand the importance of taxonomy
• Study microbial growth and cell structure.
• Learn about diversity present among micro organisms.
• Study host – parasite relationship and antibiotic action.
• Study various microbial diseases.
UNIT-I Taxonomy and Microbial Growth 16 Hrs
Microbial evolution, systematic and taxonomy-Evolution of earth and earliest life forms;
primitive organisms and their metabolic strategies and molecular coding; New
approaches to bacterial taxonomy, classification including ribotyping; Ribosomal RNA
sequencing; Characteristics of primary domains; Taxonomy, Nomenclature and Bergey's
Manual.
Microbial Growth-The definition of growth, mathematical expression of growth, growth
curve, measurement of growth and growth yields, Synchronous growth, Continuous,
Batch and Fed Batch Culture; Growth as affected by environmental factors like
temperature, acidity, alkalinity, water availability and oxygen; Culture collection,
maintenance and preservation of microorganisms.
UNIT-II 13 Hrs
Structural characteristics of Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes and Archaebacteria
Cell wall composition and synthesis. Flagella, Cilia and motility. Cell inclusions like
Glycogen granules, Volutin granules, Carboxysomes etc, Endospores, Slime sheet and
capsule.
Structure of archebacteria and eukaryotic cells.
UNIT-III Diversity among microorganisms 14 Hrs
Nutritional classification of microorganisms.Bacteria: Photosynthetic microorganisms
(cyanobacteria, purple & green bacteria budding bacteria, Spirochaetes, Sheathed
bacteria, Endospore forming rods and cocci, Mycobacteria, Rickettsias, Chlamydias and
Mycoplasma, Actinomycetes.
Archaea: Archaea as earliest life forms; Halophiles, Methanogens; Hyperthermophilic
archaea and Thermo plasma, Eukarya: Algae, Fungi, Slime molds and Protozoa.
Chemolithotrophy; Hydrogen, Iron, Nitrate and oxidizing bacteria; Nitrate and sulfate
reduction; Syntrophy; Role of anoxic decomposition; Nitrogen fixation
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UNIT-IV Host Parasite Relationships and Chemotherapy 16 Hrs
Normal micro flora of skin, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract. Anaerobic ecosystem-
Rumen microbiology.
Entry of pathogens into the host; colonization and factors predisposing to infections;
types of toxins (Exotoxin, Endotoxin and Enterotoxin) and their structure; mode of
actions; virulence and pathogenesis
Chemotherapy and Antimicrobial agents; Sulfa drugs; Antibiotics; Pencillins and
Cephalosporins; Broad-Spectrum antibiotics; Antibiotics from prokaryotes; Antifungal
antibiotics; Mode of action; Resistance to antibiotics.
UNIT-V Microbial Diseases 16 Hrs
Disease reservoirs; Epidemiological terminologies; infectious disease transmission;
Pyogenic cocci- Neisseria meningitides, N. gonococcus, staphylococcus aureus
Gram positive cocci- Clostridium tetani
Mycobacteria- M. tuberculosis, M. leprae
Enteric Gram negative bacteria- Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholera, E. coli
Protozoan diseases – Malaria
Disease transmitted by animals- rabies,
Viral infections- chicken pox, influenza, AIDS, hepatitis
Emerging and resurgent infectious diseases
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Book recommended:
Essential readings:
1. Basic and Practical Microbiology, Ronald M Atlas, Mac Millan Company New
York, 1989
2. Biology of Microorganisms, T D Brock, M T Madigan, (10th
edition), Pearson
education, Inc., 2003
3. General microbiology, H S Schlegel, (7th
edition),Cambridge University Press,
1995
4. Microbiology , Prescott, Harley, Klein, (6th
edition), Mc Graw Hill Companies,
2005
5. Microbiology Fundamentals and Applications , R M Atlas, (2nd
edition), Maxwell
Macmillan International edition, 1989
6. Microbiology-a Laboratory Manual, J G Cappuccino and N Sherman, (6th
edition),Addison Wesley, Pearson education, Inc., 2006
7. Microbial diversity: current perspectives and potential applications, Satynarayana
T. & Johri B.N. I.K. International Pvt. Ltd. 2005
8. Text book of Microbiology, R Ananthnarayanan and C K J Paniker, Orient
Longman, 1997
9. Microbial Physiology, (4th
edition ), by A.G. Moat ,J.W.Foster and M.P. Spector.
Wiley Liss publications 2002.
References:
10. Bacterial Pathogenesis. A Molecular Approach, A A Salyers and D D Whitt,
ASM Press, 1994
11. Foundation in Microbiology, K P Talaro and A Talaro, (4th
edition), Mc Graw
Hill, 2002
12. General Microbiology, R Y Stanier, J L Ingharam, M L Wheelies, P R Painter,
Mac Millan Education Ltd, 1999
13. Laboratory Fundamentals of Microbiology, I E Alcamo, Jones and Barlett
publishers, 2001
14. Medical Microbiology and Immunology: Examination and Board Review, Warren
Levinson and Ernst Jawetz, (7th edition), Mc Graw Hill, 2002
15. Microbial Diversity, D Colwd, Academic press, 1999.
16. Microbiology , M. J Pelczar, E C S Chan, N R Kreig, (5th
edition), Tata Mc Graw
Publication, 2006
17. Prokaryotic Development, Y V Burn. & L J Shimkets, ASM Press, 2000
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
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ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE 124)
Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• Understand the basic operating characteristics of instruments.
• Understand principles and applications of techniques.
UNIT-I Spectroscopy 15 Hrs
Beer-Lambert law, UV-Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy,
Raman spectroscopy, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Mass spectroscopy, NMR, ESR,
CD/ORD, MALDI-ToF-MS.
UNIT-II Chromatography 15 Hrs
Principle, Paper chromatography, TLC, Column chromatography (GC, HPLC),
Adsorption chromatography, Partition chromatography, Gel filtration, Ion-exchange
chromatography and Affinity chromatography.
UNIT-III Electrophoresis 15 Hrs.
Principle, factors affecting electrophoresis, pH, voltage, supporting medium (agarose,
polyacrylamide, dextran).
Agarose gel electrophoresis, PAGE, SDS-PAGE, 2-D electrophoresis, Pulsed field gel
electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, immuno electrophoresis.
UNIT-IV Centrifugation & Microscopy 20 Hrs.
Centrifugation: principle differential and density gradient, ultracentrifugation
(Preparative and analytical centrifuges) sedimentation analysis & RCF.
Microscopy: construction of a microscope, light microscopy (bright field, dark field,
phase-contrast, interference, confocal, polarization microscopy).
Electron microscopy-TEM, SEM, Scanned probe microscopic techniques (STEM, AFM)
Cytophotometry, flow cytometry.
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UNIT-V Radioisotopic Techniques 10 Hrs.
Radioisotopes; nature of radioactivity, types of radioactive decay, unit of radioactivity.
Radiation dosimetry, radioactive isotopes, autoradiography, Cerenckov radiation, liquid
scintillation counting, Geiger-Muller counter, X-ray diffraction.
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Books Recommended
Essential readings
1. Essentials of Biophysics, P Narayanan, New Age Int. Pub. New Delhi. 2000
2. Fundamental Laboratory Approaches for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, A J
Ninfa., D P Ballou, Fitzgerald science press, Inc., 1998
3. Principles and Practice of Bioanalysis, R F Venn, Taylor and Francis, 2003
4. Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ,(6th
edition),
K Wilson and J Walker (editor), Cambridge University Press, 2007
References: 5. Bioinstrumentation, J G Webster, John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2004
6. Methods in Modern Biophysics, B Notting, Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
New York, 2003
7. Protein Purification Principles and Practice, (3rd
edition), R K Scopes, Spring
International, 2004
8. Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences, G G Hames, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
2005
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
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BIOSTATISTICS AND BIOINFORMATICS (Paper Code: BTE 125)
Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• Appreciate the significance of statistical analysis of biological data.
• Learn the methods of statistical analysis.
• know about Bioinformatics as a tool in Biotechnology
UNIT I Sampling and classification of data 11 Hrs
Sampling - Sampling procedure, types of sampling, Classification and tabulation of data,
frequency distribution, probability, addition and multiplication theorem of probability. A
brief idea of normal, Poisson and binomial distribution.
UNIT II Measures of central tendency and dispersion 12 Hrs
Measure of central tendency-Mean, median and mode, Measures of dispersion - range ,
mean deviation ,standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Skewness and kurtosis.
UNIT III Tests of significance 15 Hrs
Hypothesis testing, Nulls hypothesis and alternative hypothesis, level of significance.
Chi-square test, t-test, F-test, ANOVA-one way and two way classifications. Simple
correlation and simple regression.
UNIT IV Overview of bioinformatics 15 hrs
Overview of bioinformatics – introduction, The internet and the biologist, Database
types-Primary and Secondary databases, sequence databases - nucleotide and protein
sequence databases (NCBI, ENBL, DDBJ, UNIPORT, PIR), Structure databases (PDB,
MMDB, CSD, NDB)
Sequence analysis
UNIT V Sequence similarity searching 22 Hrs
Concept of similarity searching, methods of similarity searching (BLAST, FASTA)
statistical significance of sequence comparisons, application of similarity searching in
gene identification and functional assingment. Information retrieval from biological
databases. Computer tools for finding and retrieving sequences, pair wise and multiple
alignments. Genomics and Genome project
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Books recommended:
Essential readings:
1. Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in Health Sciences, (6th
edition), W
W Daniel, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1995.
2. Essential Bioinformatics, Jin Xiong, John Wiley and Sons. 2006.
3. Introduction to Bioinformatics, A Teresa and D P Smith, Prentice Hall, 1999.
4. Statistical Methods in Biology, N T J Bailey, Cambridge University Press,
1995.
5. Statistics for Biologist, R C Campbell, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
References:
1. Bioinformatics, A practical Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins, (2nd
edition), A D Baxevanis, and B F Ouellette, John Wiley and Sons, 2002.
2. Fundamentals of Biostatistics, Khan, Publishing Corporation, 1999
3. Instant notes, Bioinformatics, Westhead, Parish, and Twyman, (1st edition),
Bios Scientific Publishers Ltd., 2003.
4. Introduction to Bioinformatics, A M Lesk, Oxford University Press, 2002.
5. Molecular databases for Protein sequence and Structure studies, J A Sillince
and M Sillince, Springer Verlag, 1991
6. Practical statistics for Experimental Biologists, A C Swardlaw, John Wiley
and sons Inc., 1985
7. Sequence Analysis Primer, Gribskov and Devereux, Stockton Press, 1989
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
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LABORATORY I
(Paper Code: BTE 126) Total Contact hrs: 240
Credits: 08
1. To study the parts of an optical microscope
2. Microtomy of liver/intestine
3. Histochemical localistion of starch, lipids and protein in liver.
4. Verification of Beer Lambert’s Law
5. Estimation of protein by Folin Lowry method
6. Estimation of protein by Biuret test
7. Estimation of reducing sugar by DNSA method
8. Estimation of sugar by Anthrone reagent
9. Estimation of glycogen from the given tissue
10. Estimation of cholesterol from the given tissue
11. To study the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity
12. To study the effect of temperature on enzyme activity
13. To study the effect of pH on enzyme activity
14. To assay the activity of acid phosphatase
15. Separation and identification of amino acids by TLC
16. Separation of protein by SDS-PAGE
17. Demonstrations:
a. Gel Filtration Chromatography
b. Ion Exchange Chromatography
c. Descending Paper Chromatography
d. Column Chromatography
e. Affinity Chromatography
f. Western Blotting
18. Preparation of liquid and solid media for growth of microorganisms.
19. Isolation and maintenance of organisms by plating, streaking and serial dilution
methods, slants and stab cultures, storage of microorganisms.
20. Isolation of pure cultures from soil and water.
21. Growth Kinetics, Effect of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen source on
growth.
22. Enumeration by standard plate count.
23. Microscopic examination of bacteria, yeast and molds and study of organisms by
Gram stain, Negative staining, staining for spores etc.
24. Study of mutagens by Ames test
25. Isolation of Rhizobia
26. Isolation of Actinomycetes
27. Antibiotic sensitivity test by disc method
28. Standard analysis of water. Determination of MPN.
29. Biochemical characterization of selected microbes.
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30. Biostatistics exercises
31. Operating systems (DOS)
32. Information searching on Internet.
33. Sequence retrievals form NCBI, Genbank, EMBL, DDBJ
Any other practical based on theory syllabus.
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GENETICS
(Paper Code: BTE 221) Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• Study the classical genetics & gene interactions.
• Learn the mechanism of sex linked inheritance and sex determination.
• Understand concept of gene, linkage, crossing over& recombination
mechanisms.
• Understand gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations.
• Learn about extracytoplasmic inheritance & population genetics.
UNIT I Classical Genetics & Gene interactions 15hrs.
Mendel's experiments Monohybrid ratios-Dominance and Recessive factors Laws of
segregation - Dihybrid and Tri hybrid ratios - Laws of independent assortments - Test
cross and Back cross. Allelic and non-allelic interactions.
Inheritance of quantitative traits-additive effect-skin color in man.
UNIT II Sex Determination and sex linked inheritance 15hrs.
Mechanism of Sex determination in Drosophila, Birds, Man, hymenopterans,
environmental factors & sex determination.
X-linked inheritance, pattern of inheritance of sex linked genes, sex linkage in
Drosophila, X-linked traits in humans.
UNIT-III 15 hrs.
Concept of the gene & recombination mechanisms.
Gene: unit of structure & function, complementation test.
Linkage & crossing over. Conjugation, transformation & transduction in bacteria and
their use in preparation of genetics maps.
UNIT IV Gene Mutations & Chromosomal aberrations. 15hrs.
Molecular basis of mutation, spontaneous & induced mutations, chemical and
physical mutagens, Ames test.
DNA repair mechanisms- photo reactivation, excision repair, mismatch repair,
recombination repair, and SOS response. Repair defects & human diseases.
Chromosomal aberrations- changes in chromosome structure & number, inherited
disorders.
UNIT V Extracytoplasmic inheritance & Population Genetics 15hrs.
Cytoplasmic organelles & symbionts, DNA in mitochondria & chloroplast,
cytoplasmic male sterility in plants, maternal effects.
Population Genetics: Genetic variation, Random mating, Genetic frequency and
Hardy-Weinberg law.
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Books recommended:
Essential readings:
1. Genetics: Principles and Analysis, (4th
edition), D L Hartl and E W Jones, Jones
and Barlett Publishers, Massachusetts, USA, 1998
2. Human Genetics: Concepts and Applications, (2nd
edition), R Lewis, WCB
McGraw Hill, USA, 1997.
3. Microbial Genetics, (2nd
edition), Maloy, D Freidfelder and John E Cronan., Jones
and Barlett Publishers, 1994
4. Molecular genetics: An introductory narrative, (2nd
edition), G S Stent and R
Calendar, CBS Publishers and distributors, 2002
5. Principles of Genetics, (8th
edition), E J Gardener, M J Simmons and D P
Snustead, John Wiley and Sons Publications, 2005
6. The Science of Genetics, Atherly, Girton, and McDonald ,Saunders College
Publishing, Fort Worth, USA, 1999
References:
7. Advanced Genetics, G S Miglani, Narosa Publication House, 2003
8. Cell Biology & Molecular Biology, (8th
edition), E D P Roberties and E M F
Roberties, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005
9. Current perspectives in Genetics. Insight and applications in Molecular, Classical
and Human Genetics, S Cummings, Brooks/ Cole, 2000
10. Genetics ,(3rd
edition), M V Strickberger, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2004
11. Genetics, (5th
edition), P J Russel, The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing
Company, USA.,1998
12. Principles of Genetics, (2nd
edition), D P Snustad and M J Simmons, John Wiley
& Sons Inc., USA., 2000
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE – 222) Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• understand the central dogma of molecular biology.
• understand process of prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication.
• know machinery involved in Prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription.
• get a detailed insight of mechanism and regulation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic
translation process.
• study the molecular mechanisms of antisense and ribozyme technology.
UNIT 1: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic gene structure and function.
Structure and properties of nucleic acids, Central dogma of molecular biology,
Prokaryotic gene structure and organization, Eukaryotic genome structure and
chromosome organization
10 Hrs
UNIT II: Replication in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
DNA Replication in prokaryotes & eukaryotes, enzymes and accessory proteins involved
in DNA Replication, Recombination (Holliday model), FLP/ FRT and Cre/ Lox
recombination, Rec A and other recombinases.
15 Hrs
UNIT III: Transcription in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic transcription (Initiation ,Elongation & Termination), RNA
Polymerase, General & Specific Transcription Factors, Regulatory elements &
mechanism of transcription regulation, Post transcriptional gene silencing(PTGS),
Modifications in RNA (5’ cap formation, Transcription termination, 3’end processing &
Polyadenylation, Splicing, Editing), Nuclear export of mRNA, m-RNA stability.
15 Hrs
UNIT IV: Machinery involved in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Translation, the translation machinery, Mechanism of
initiation, elongation, termination, Regulation of translation, Co & post translational
modification of proteins, Localization of proteins, synthesis of secretory & membrane
proteins, Import into nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast & peroxisomes, receptor
mediated endocytosis.
15 Hrs
UNIT V: Antisense and Ribozyme Technology.
Molecular mechanism of antisense molecules-Inhibition of splicing, polyadenylation,
translation. disruption of RNA structure & capping, Biochemistry of ribozymes-
hammerhead, hairpin, other ribozymes, strategies for designing ribozymes, Application
of antisense & ribozyme technology, Viral & cellular oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes
from humans, structure, function and Mechanism of action of Prb & p53 tumor
suppressor proteins.
20 Hrs
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Book recommended:
Essential readings:
1. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, J. Sambrook, E. F. Fritsch and I.
Maniatis, Cold Spring harbor Laboratory Press, New York,2000.
2. Introduction to Practical Molecular Biology, P. D. Dabre, John Wiley & Sojns
Ltd.,Yourk,1988.
3. Genomes. Brown T.A: John Wiley and sons(ASIA) PTE Ltd1999
4. Molecular Biology of the Cell (2nd Edition) B. Alberts, D. Bray, J. Lewis, M.
Raff, K. Roberts, and J.D. Watson, Garland publishing. Inc., New York, 1994.
5. Molecular Biology of the Gene. (5th
Edition) Watson, Baker, Bell, Gann, Levin,
Losick: Pearson Education.2003.
6. Molecular Cell biology (2nd Edition) J. Darnell, H. Lodish and D.Baltimore,
Scientific American Books,USA,1994.
7. Essentials of Molecular Biology. Malacinski, G M, Freifelder D: Jones & Bartlett
Publishers Inc. (1998)
8. From Genes to Clones by Winnacker, Panima Publishing Corporation, New
Delhi/Bangalore, 2003
References:
9. Genectics – A molecular approach by Russell, Peter. J, 2003
10. Gene IX (9th Edition) Benjamin Lewin. Oxford University Press.U.K., 2007
11. Molecular Biology and biotechnology. A comprehensive desk reference. R. A.
Meyers (Editor) VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1995.
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IMMUNOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE 223)
Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• understand the various cells involved in Immune system.
• learn the cellular and molecular aspects of Immune system.
• study about the regulation of Immune response and Antigen – Antibody reactions.
• learn about the applied aspects of Immunology.
UNIT: I Introduction to immune system
Basic Immunology: - Phylogeny of immune system, Innate and acquired immunity,
Clonal nature of immune response. Cells of the Immune system: Hematopoiesis and
differentiation, Lymphocyte trafficking, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, Macrophages,
Dendritic cells, NK and Lymphokine activated killer cells, Eosinophils, Neutrophils and
Mast Cells. Organization and structure of lymphoid organs
20 Hrs
UNIT: II Cellular and molecular aspects
Nature and biology of antigens and super antigens. Immunoglobulin: structure, types and
their function, Major histocompatibility complex, B-Cell Receptor and T-Cell Receptor,
generation and diversity, Complement system
15 Hrs
UNIT: III Regulation of immune response
Antigen processing and presentation, generation of Humoral and Cell mediated immune
responses, B- and T- cell maturation, activation and differentiation, Cytokines and their
role in immune regulation, T-cell regulation, MHC restriction, Immunological tolerance,
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Mechanism of T cell and NK cell mediated lysis, Antibody
dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity, and macrophage mediated cytotoxicity
20 Hrs
UNIT: IV Antigen- antibody interactions
Precipitation, Immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis, Agglutination, RIA, ELISA,
Immunofluorescence
10 Hrs
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UNIT: V Advanced concepts in Immunology
Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity, Vaccine development, Transplantation, Immunity of
infectious agents (intracellular parasites, helminthes and viruses), Tumor Immunology,
AIDS and other immunodeficiencies, Hybridoma Technology and Monoclonal
antibodies.
10 Hrs
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Books Recommended:
Essential Reading:
1. Kuby’s Immunology, (4th
Edition)-R.A. Goldsby, Thomas J. Kindr.
Barbara, A. Osbarne, (Freeman) & Co. New York.
2. Roitt’s Essential Immunology,(10th
edition), Ivan M .Roitt and Peter J.
Delves, Blackwell Science, 2001
3. Instant Notes on Immunology, (2nd
edition), Lydyard, Wheran and
Fanger, Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., 2003
Reference:
4. Cellular and Molecular Immunology, (3rd
edition), Abbas, Litchman and
Pober, Harcourt Brace and Company, 1998
5. Immunology: A Comprehensive Review. Darla J. Wise and Gordon R.
Carter, Iowa State University Press, 2001
6. Medical Microbiology and Immunology: Examination and Board Review,
(7th
edition), Warren Levinson and Ernst Jawetz, Mc Graw Hill, 2002
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
23
GENETIC ENGINEERING
(Paper Code: BTE 224)
Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• get an insight of tools of genetic engineering.
• understand steps involved in the formation of genomic library and fundamentals
of gene sequencing.
• know the strategies of genome mapping and analysis of genetic variations.
• understand the techniques involved in gene expression studies.
• know and understand in detail strategies of gene delivery.
UNIT I Tools of genetic engineering
Scope and milestones in genetic engineering, Basic tools and techniques used in
recombinant DNA technology: Restriction endonuclease, DNA modifying enzymes,
cloning vectors: plasmids, bacteriophage, cosmid, phagemids, in vitro construction of
vectors, expression vectors. Principle and uses of nucleic acid hybridization. Principle
and applications of polymerase chain reaction. Patenting of cloned life forms. Site
directed mutagenesis and protein engineering, in vitro DNA synthesis, in vitro
transcription and translation.
20 Hrs
UNIT II Sequencing of genes
DNA and genomic library: m- RNA enrichment, reverse transcription, Linkers, Adaptors,
Screening of c DNA and genomic library, Sequencing and mapping: Sequencing vector,
fluorescent tagging, Automated DNA sequencing, Restriction mapping and map
construction, Application of sequence information for identification of defective genes.
10 Hrs
UNIT III Molecular Mapping of Genome
Genetic and physical mapping, Genome sequencing: genome size, organelle genome,
YAC, BAC libraries, strategies of genome sequencing, Analysis of genetic variations:
RAPD, RFLP, AFLP and other molecular marker techniques, application of RFLP in
forensic studies, disease prognosis, genetic counselling, pedigree analysis etc.
15 Hrs
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
24
UNIT IV Strategies of gene delivery
Agrobacterium mediated transformation, electoporation, particle bombardment,
microinjection, Gene therapy: Target gene replacement, gene knockout technique,
computer aided drug designing. 10 Hrs
UNIT V Gene expression
DNA and protein microarray technology, RNase protection assay, Reporter gene assay,
northern blotting and S1 nuclease assay, Heterologous gene expression in bacteria,
yeasts, insects, mammals and plants. codon optimization
20Hrs
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
25
Book recommended:
Essential readings:
1. Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, J. Sambrook. E.F. Fritsch and
T. Maniatis, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, 2000.
2. DNA Cloning: a practical Approach, D. M. Glover and B.D. Hames, IRL
Press Oxford, 1955.
3. Molecular and Cellular Methods in Biology and Medicine, P. B. Kaufman,
W. Wu., D. Kim and L.J: Cseke, CRC Press.Florida,1995.
4. An Introduction to Genetic Engineering. Edited by Desmond S.T. Nicholl,
Cambridge University Press, February 2002.
5. Manipulation and Expression of Recombinant DNA. Sue Carson and
Dominique Robertson, Second edition, Academic Press, December 2005.
6. Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics. Primrose and Twyman,
(7th
edition). Blackwell Publishers, 2006.
7. RNA interference Technology- From basic science to drug development.
Edited by Krishnarao Appasani. Forewords by Andrew Fire and Marshall
Nirenberg, Cambridge Press, 2005.
8. Methods in Enzymology Vol.152,Guide to Molecular Cloning
Techniques, S. L. Berger and A. R. Kimmel, Academic press. Inc. San
Dlogo, 1998.
9. Methods in Enzymology Vol.185,Gene Expression Technology, D. V.
Gooddol, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego,1990.
10. DNA Science. A First Course in Recombinant Technology, D.A. Mickloss
and G.A. Greyer, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York,1990
11. Molecular Biotechnology (2nd Edition), S.B. Primorse, Blackwell
Scientific Publishers, Oxford, 1994.
References:
12. Milestones in Biotechnology. Classic papers on genetic Engineering, J.A.
Davies and W.S.Roznikolf, Butterworth-Helnemann, Boston, 1992.
13. Route Maps in Gene Technology, M. R. Walker and R.Repley, Blackwell
Science Ltd. Oxford, 1997.
14. Genetic Engineering. An Introduction to gene analysis and exploitation in
eukaryotes. S. M. Kingsman and A.J. Kingsman, Blackwell Scientific
Publications. Oxford, 1998.
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
26
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE 225)
Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• understand the basics of Plant Biotechnology.
• study various techniques used in Plant Tissue Culture.
• become acquainted with the genetic manipulations in Plant tissues and use of
different markers in Plant Biotechnology.
• analyze various industrial applications of Plant Biotechnology.
UNIT I Introduction to plant tissue culture
Aseptic technique, Safety, Preparation and sterilization of apparatus & reagents, synthetic
media, culture vessels used. Plant tissue culture: Concept of totipotency, dedifferentiation
and redifferentiation. Callus growth patterns/characteristics, organogenesis, hairy root
culture. Somaclonal variations, somatic embryogenesis, synthetic seeds, anther and
pollen culture, embryo culture and significance of haploid plants.
15 Hrs
UNIT II Protoplast technology & micropropagation in plants
Isolation & fusion, somatic hybridization and cybrids. Production of virus free plants,
Production of secondary metabolites, indexing for plant pathogens, Plant tissues culture
and germplasm conservation. Material for Micropropagation, Advantages of
Micropropagation, Types and Methods of Micropropagation and Applications of
Micropropagation, Plant tissue culture techniques for crop improvement.
15 Hrs
UNIT III Gene delivery methods in intact and cultured tissues and cells
Agrobacterium mediated transformation, Ti and Ri Plasmid, Co-integration and Binary
vectors, Direct DNA Uptake, Microinjection Delivery, use of 35S and other promoters,
use of reporter genes. Techniques for production of transgenic plants resistant to
herbicides, pathogens, pests and abiotic stresses (drought, salt & frost). PR Proteins,
Nematode resistance, antifungal proteins, thionins, long shelf life of fruits & flowers, use
of ACC synthase, polygalacturanase, ACC Oxidase, male sterility lines, bar & barnase
system, carbohydrate composition & storage, ADP glucose, pyrophosphatase.
18 Hrs
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
27
UNIT IV Choloroplast Transformation
Advantages, vectors, success with tobacco and potato. Metabolic engineering &
industrial products. Plant secondary metabolites, control mechanisms & manipulation of
phenylpropanoid pathway, alkaloids, industrial enzymes, biodegradable plastics,
polyhydroxybutyrate, therapeutic proteins, lysosomal enzymes, antibodies, edible
vaccines. Purification strategies, Oleosin partitioning technology.
18 Hrs
UNIT V Seed Biology
Seed biology, technology &role in agriculture, seed certification, seed banks, terminator
gene technology & implications, plant as chemical & pharmaceutical factories, biosafety
& GM food crops, international & local regulations.
09Hrs
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
28
Book recommended:
Essential readings:
1. Plant Biotechnology, Hammond, P. McGarvey and V. Yusibov (Editors.)
Springer Verlag, 2000.
2. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture for the Production of Food ingredients. J.
Fu, G. Singh, and W.R. Curtis (Editors), Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Press.1999.
3. Advanced Methods in Plant Biotechnology, David. R. Murray: Panima
Publishing Corporation. 1996
4. Plant, Genes and Crop Biotechnology. (2nd
Editon), Marten J. Chrispeels
& David E. Sadava, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 1999.
5. Biotechnology – Secondary Metabolites, K.G. Ramawat, J.M Merllon:
Oxford & IBH publishing house Co. Pvt. Ltd. 2000
6. Biotechnology in Crop improvement, H.S. Chawla, International Book
Distributing Company, 1998.
7. Practical Application of plant Molecular Biology, R.J. Henry, Chapman
and hall.1997.
8. Laboratory Manual for Plant Biotechnology, H.S Chawla Oxford & IBH
publishing Co. Pvt Ltd. 2003
9. Plant Biotechnology – The genetic manipulation of plants. Adrian Slater,
Nigel Scott & Mark Fowler, Oxford University Press. 2003
10. Plant Tissue Culture – Techniques & Experiments, (2nd
edition) Roberta.
H. Smith. Elsevier. 2000
11. Plant Molecular Biology – A Practical Approach. C. H. Shaw, IRL Press
Ltd. 1988.
References:
12. Molecular plant Biology- volume 1 & 2. Philip M. Gilmartin and Chris
Bowler, Oxford University Press. 2005
13. Plant Tissue Culture. S.S. Bhojwani and M.K Razdan, Elsevier. 2004
14. Plant Biotechnology. J. Hammond, P. Mc Garvey & V. Yusibov, Springer
(India) Pvt Ltd. 2000
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
29
LABORATORY II
(Paper Code: BTE 226) Total Contact hrs: 240
Credits: 08
1. Study of mitosis and meiosis.
2. X – Chromosome detection through Barr body experiment.
3. To study mitosis in onion root tips
4. To study meiosis in onion buds
5. Isolation of plasmid DNA
6. Isolation of genomic DNA
7. Spectrophotometric quantitation of nucleic acids
8. Demonstration of lac operon
9. Blood film preparation and identification of cells.
10. Ouchterlony double diffusion
11. Dot ELISA
12. Demonstrations:
a. Sandwich ELISA
b. Latex agglutination
c. Rocket Immunoelectrophoresis
13. Restriction digestion of λDNA
14. Ligation
15. Transformation of DH5α (including preparation of competent cells)
16. Demonstartions:
a. Conjugation
b. Reporter gene assay (GFP)
17. Preparation of media.
18. Explant inoculation
19. Callus induction
20. Protoplast fusion
21. Synthetic seed preparation
Any other practical based on theory syllabus
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
30
Third Semester
Review Report
(Paper code: BTE 321) Contact hrs: 150
Credits: 10
The review report of M.Sc. III semester will be based on a detailed review of any one of
the topics listed in syllabus in about 100 pages. This review will be evaluated by a
supervisor, Head of the Department and any other person appointed by the Principal.
Dissertation Report
(Paper code: BTE 322) Contact hrs: 375
Credits: 25
The dissertation work will involve practical work on a problem suggested by the
supervisor of the candidate. The student will submit the dissertation report at the end of
III semester. This dissertation report will be examined by the supervisor of the student,
Head of the Department and any other person appointed by Principal.
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
31
ANIMAL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE 421)
Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• learn the basics of Animal cell culture.
• know the various growth requirements and concept of differentiation of animal
cells in vitro conditions.
• become acquainted with the techniques for manipulating the cells lines in
laboratory conditions.
• know the applications of animal cell culture.
UNIT I Introduction to animal cell culture
Structure, organization and biology of animal cell, Principles of animal cell culture, need
to express in animal cell, Equipments and materials for animal cell culture technique
8 Hrs
UNIT II Growth requirements and kinetics:
Media Development of simple growth media , Introduction to balanced salt solution,
Chemical, physical and metabolic functions of different constituents of culture medium,
Role of CO2, Role of serum supplements, Serum and protein free defined media and their
applications, Biology and characterization of cultured cells, measuring parameters of
growth.
20 Hrs
UNIT III Animal cell culture and its types
Primary and established cell line cultures, Cell lines- Introduction, diversity and
selection, nomenclature, routine maintenance and cryopreservation, Disaggregation of
tissue and primary culture, Cell separation, General concept of differentiation and
dedifferentiation, Organ and histotypic cultures.
15 Hrs
UNIT IV Characterization and manipulation of cells,
Measurement of viability and cytotoxicity, Cell synchronization, Cell cloning and
micromanipulation, Cell transformation, Scaling-up of animal cells, Measurement of cell
death, Apoptosis.
15 Hrs
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
32
UNIT V Applications of animal cell culture
Three dimensional culture and tissue engineering, Application of animal cell culture,
Stem cell culture, embryonic stem cells and their applications, Cell culture based
vaccines, Somatic cell genetics, Cell hybridization, Hybridomas and their selection,
application of cell hybridization. 17 Hrs
Book recommended:
Essential readings:
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
33
1. Culture of Animal Cells, (4th
edition), R. Ian Freshney, Wiley-Liss. 2000
2. Animal Cell Culture-Practical Approach, John R.W. Masters (editor),
Oxford.2000
References:
3. Methods in Cell Biology, Vol.57, Animal Cell Culture Methods. Jenni P Mather
and David Barnes. Academic Press. 1998
4. Basic Cell Culture edited by J.M. Davis 2nd
edition, Oxford,2000
5. Protein Expression: A Practical Approach, S.J. Higgins and B.D. Hames, Oxford
University Press, 2004
6. Principles of Gene Manipulation, (6th
edition) S.B. Primrose, R.M. Twyman and
R.W. Old, Blackwell Science, 2003
Virology
(Paper Code: BTE 422)
Contact hrs: 75
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
34
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• study general properties of viruses
• learn the techniques for cultivation of viruses
• study bacteriophages
• know about the animal and plant viruses.
UNIT-I Discovery of Viruses
Nomenclature and Classification of viruses, Distinctive properties of viruses,
Morphology and Ultrastructure, Viral genome, virus related agents (Viroids and prions)
10 Hrs
UNIT-II Cultivation of viruses
In embryonated eggs, cell cultures; primary, secondary, suspension and monolayer cell
culture, Cell lines and transgenic systems; serological methods-Haemagglutination &
HAI, complement fixation; immunofluorescence methods, ELISA and
Radioimmunoassay; assay of viruses-physical and chemical methods (protein, nucleic
acid, radioactivity tracers, electron microscopy)-infectivity assay (plaque method end
point method)- Infectivity assay of plant viruses.
15 Hrs
UNIT-III Bacteriophage
Structural organization, Replication of phages (Lytic and Lysogeny cycle), Stages of one
step growth curve, Phage production, Burst size, bacteriophage typing, Application of
bacteriophage in bacterial genetics, Brief details on M13, Mu.T3,T4 and Lambda P1
15 Hrs
UNIT-IV Classification and Nomenclature of plant viruses
Effect of viruses on plants, Appearance of plants; histology , physiology and cytology of
plants; common virus disease of plants ;paddy, cotton, tomato and sugarcane; viruses of
cyano bacteria, algae, fungi; type species of plant viruses like TMV, CaMV, and potato
virus X, Transmission of plant virus with vectors (insects, nematodes, fungi) and without
vectors (contact, seed and pollens), Prevention of crop loss due to virus infection- virus
free planting material; vector control.
18 Hrs
UNIT- V Classification and Nomenclature of animal viruses
Epidemiology, life cycle, pathogen city, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of RNA
viruses, Picorna , Ortho Myxo, Paramyxo, Toga , Rhabdo, Rota, HIV and other
Oncogenic viruses; DNA viruses; Pox, Herpes, Adeno, SV40, Hepatitis viruses, viral
vaccines (conventional vaccines, genetic recombinant vaccines used in national
immunization programmes with example , newer generation vaccines including DNA
vaccines with examples) interferon , and antiviral drugs.
17Hrs
Books recommended:
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
35
Essential readings:
1. Medical virology- Morag C and Timbury M.C. X Edition. Churchill
Livingstone,London. 1994
2. Introduction to Modern Virology, IV. Dimmock Nj,Primrose SB
Edition,Blackwell Scientific Publications,Oxford. 1994
3. Virology-3rd Edition, Conrat HF,Kimball PC and Levy JA. Prentice
Hall,Englewood cliff, New jersey1994.
4. Functionals of plant virology- Mathews,RE.Academic press,San Diego.1992
5. Text Book on principles of Bacteriology,virology and Immunology- Topley and
Wilson. Edward Arnold,London. 1995
6. Diagnostic procedures for viral and Rickettsial diseases.american public Health
association, NY. Lennetter1984
7. The genetics of Bacteria and their viruses- William Hayes. Blackwell Scientific
Publishers,London. 1985
8. Principles of microbiology- Ronald M.Atlas. Mosby Year Book, Inc. Missouri
63146. 1985
9. Textbook of Microbiology- R. Ananthnarayan and CCJ Paniker. (6th
Edition).
Orient Longman Pvt Ltd. 2003
References:
10. Plant viruses- Kenneth M.Smith.Universal Book Stall,New Delhi.1999
11. Bacteriophages- Mark H.Adams. Inter science publishers, Inc. New York.
12. Applied Virology- D.G.A Walkey. International Books & Periodicals supply
service.New Delhi. 1985
13. Plant Diseases of viral, viroid, Mycoplasma and uncertain etiology-
Karl.Maramarosch. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, Bombay,
Calcutta.
14. General Microbiology Vol.II- Powar & Daginawala. Himalaya Publishing House.
2002
15. Plant Pathology- Agrios, G. N. Academic Press. 1997
BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE 423)
Contact hrs: 75
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
36
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
• get an overview of design of Bioreactor types
• learn various techniques of isolation and screening of industrially important micro
organisms.
• understand the rationale of medium formulation for bioprocesses.
• understand downstream processing and whole cell immobilization.
UNIT I Introduction of bioprocess engineering 15 Hrs
Bioreactors: Conventional and Specialized bioreactors (pulsed, fluidized, photo
bioreactors) batch, fed batch and continuous cultures.
UNIT II Isolation and screening strategies of industrially important cultures
15 hrs
Isolation of cultures, screening for activities. Culture preservation, inoculum preparation
Scale up and pilot plants. Microbial kinetics of growth and death. Strain improvement,
maintenance, energy requirement, yield, P/O quotients.
UNIT III Medium formulation and control of bioprocess parameters
15 hrs
Media for industrial fermentation, Air and media sterilization, Types of Fermentation
processes: Stability of microbial reactors, analysis of mixed microbial populations.
UNIT IV Downstream processing 15 hrs
Introduction, Removal of microbial cells and solid matter, foam separation, precipitation,
filtration, centrifugation, cell disruptions, liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography,
membrane process, Drying and crystallization.,
UNIT V Enzyme and Whole cell immobilization 15 hrs
Techniques of immobilization. Application of immobilization in Biotechnology.
Biosafety
Books recommended:
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
37
Essential readings:
1. Bioprocess Engineering (2nd
edition) by Michael L.Schuler and F.Kargi .Prentice
Hall of India.2002.
2. Biochemcal Engineering Fundamentals, (2nd
edition). J.E. Bailey and D.F. Ollis
Mcgraw Hill International Editions 1986.
3. Process Biotehnology Fundamentals (2nd
edition0 by S.N. Mukhopadhyaya. Vivi
Books Pvt. Ltd.2004
4. Principles of Fermentation Technology by P.F. Stanbury,A. Whittaker & Hall
Pergaman. McNeul & Harvey Publications. 1990.
References
1. Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology Edited by E.M.T. El- Mansi and C.F.A.
Bryce.Taylor and Francis Group 2005.
2. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology(2nd edition). Edited by A.L.
Demain and J. E Davies, Panima Publications 2004
3. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol I-IV Editors Moo Young et al . 1989.
INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE – 424)
Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
38
To enable students to-
• understand the role if genetic manipulation techniques in bioprocess engineering.
• study the application of microbes in industrial production of chemicals.
• get acquainted with various aspects of metabolic engineering.
• learn about different process and understand food technology.
UNIT I Genetic manipulation techniques 10hrs
Rationale for the design of vectors for the over expression of recombinant proteins,
selection of suitable promoter sequence, ribosome binding sites, transcription terminator,
fusion protein tags, purification tags, protease cleavage sites and enzymes, plasmid copy
number, inducible expression system.
UNIT II Industrial applications of microbes 20 hrs
Industrial Production of chemicals utilizing wastes: Alcohol (ethanol) acids (citric, acetic
and gluconic), solvents (glycerol, acetone, butanl),antibiotics (Penicillin, streptomycin,
tetracycline), Amino acids (lysine, glutamic acid), Single Cell Protein.Use of microbes in
mineral beneficiation and oil recovery. Biofilms and biocorrosion.
UNIT III Secondary Metabolites 15 hrs
Metabolic engineering of antibiotics. Biosynthetic pathways. Genes for biosynthesis of
microbial secondary metabolites.
UNIT IV Processes 15 hrs
Anaerobic fermentations, mammalian cell culture, plant cell culture, animal cell culture.
UNIT V Introduction to food Technology 15 hrs
Elementary idea of canning and packing, Sterilization and pasteurization of Food
Products, Technology of typical Food/Food Products bread, cheese idli), Food
Preservation.
Book recommended:
Essential readings:
1. Industrial Biotechnology, L.E.Casida Jr.New Age International Pvt Ltd.
Publishers 2005.
2. Food Microbiology, W.C.Frazier and D.C.Westhoff . Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi 1998
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
39
3. Food Poisoning and Food Hygiene B.C.Hobbs and D. Roberts Edward
Arnold (A division of Hodder and Stoughton London) 1993
4. Dairy Microbiology , R.K. Robinson Elsevier Applied Sciences, London.
1990
5. Principles of Fermentation Technology by P.F. Stanbury,A. Whittaker &
Hall. Pergaman. McNeul & Harvey Publications. 1990.
6. Concepts in Biotechnology Ed by D. Balasubramanian, C.F.A. Bryce, K.
Dharmalingam, J. Green , K. Jayaraman. Universities Press 2004
7. Food Biotechnology Ed by Dietrich Knorr, M DekkerInc. New York.2005.
References:
8. Biotechnological Innovations in Chemical Synthesis, BIOTOL, Publisher:
Butterworth-Heinemann.
9. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology(2nd edition). Edited
by A.L. Demain and J. E Davies, Panima Publications 2004
10. Food Microbiology.by M.R.Adams and M.O. Moss. Royal Society of
Chemistry Publication, Cambridge. 1997
11. Comprehensive Biotechnology Vol I-IV Editors Moo Young et al . 1989.
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Paper Code: BTE 425)
Contact hrs: 75
Credits: 05
Objectives:
To enable students to-
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
40
• learn about water resources and analyze the waste water as well as solid waste
management techniques
• learn about the Environmental genetics and it’s contribution to environmental
management.
• become acquainted with various legal concerns of Bioresources.
UNIT I Water as natural Resources and it’s management
Water: Natural (scarce) resource and its management, sources of water pollution and
biological treatment processes (domestic sewage and industrial effluent) and their
microbiology. Aerobic Processes: Oxidation pools, Rotating Biological Discs, Rotating
Drums, Anaerobic Processes: Anaerobic digestion, Anaerobic filter, upflow anaerobic
sludge blanket reactors, Advanced treatment technology – Methanogenesis,
Methanogenic, acetogenic and fermentative bacteria – technical process and conditions.
20 Hrs
UNIT II Solid as natural resources and it’s management
Solid wastes: Sources and management (composting, vermiculture and Methane
production), Bioremediation and Biorestoration of contaminated soils and wasteland.
Hazardous wastes- source management and safety. Biopesticides in Integrated Pest
Management.
15 Hrs
UNIT III Biodegradation of Xenobiotics
Biodegradation of xenobiotics in environment – Organisms involved in degradation of
chlorinated hydrocarbons, substituted simple aromatic compounds, polyaromatic
hydrocarbons, pesticides, surfactants and microbial treatment of oil pollution.
15 Hrs
UNIT IV Environmental Genetics
Degradative plasmids, release of genetically engineered microbes in environment.
Global environmental Problems: UV- B and Ozone depletion, Green House Effect and
acid rain, their effects and biotechnological approaches for management, Methodology
for environmental management- the problem solving approach and it’s limitations.
15 Hrs
UNIT V Biodiversity and its conservation
Plant germplasm collection including of wild species, intra specific variations in crop
plants, and molecular characterization of variations, Issues of Intellectual Property Rights
(IPRs) and legal concerns of bioresources.
10 Hrs
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
41
Books Recommended
Essential Reading
1. Plant, Gene and crop Biotechnology, M.J. Chrispeel and D.E. Sadava ASPB
2003.
2. Textbook of Environmental Biotechnology, P.K Mohapatra, I K International
Publications, Mumbai 2006.
3. Environmental Chemistry, A.K.De, Willey Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Microbial Ecology- Fundamentals and applications. Ronald. M. Atlas, Richard
Bartha. Pearson Education. 2005.
5. Advances in Industrial Waste water treatment. P.K. Goel. (First Edition).
Technosound Publications. 1999
Reference:
6. Wastewater Engineering- Treatment, Disposal and Resuse, Metcalf and Eddy,
Inc., Tata McGraw Hill, Delhi.1999
7. Comprehensive Biotechnology, vol.4, M. Moo- Young (Ed-in-chief), Pergamon
Press, Oxford.
8. Introduction to Biodeterioration. D. Allsopp and K.J. Seal, ELBS/Edward Arnold.
9. Bioremediation Engineering: design and Application. Cookson, J.T. McGraw-
Hill, Inc.1995
10. Environmental Biotechnology – Basic concepts and applications, Indu Shekhar
Thakur, I K International publications. 2006
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
42
LABORATORY III
(Paper Code: BTE 426) Total Contact hrs: 240
Credits: 08
1. Introduction to Animal Cell Culture and lay out of Animal Cell Culture
Laboratory
2. Hemocytometry
3. Cell viability
4. Study of various symptoms produced in plants due to virus infection.
5. Study of viral diseases of plants/animals/human (Specimen/photographs)
6. Different type of viruses (Photographs/sketches).
7. Raising virus free plants through apical meristem culture.
8. Detection of coliforms for determination of the purity of potable water.
9. Determination of total dissolved solids of water.
10. Determination of dissolved oxygen concentration of water sample.
11. Determination of biological oxygen demand (BOD) of sewage sample.
12. Determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of sewage sample.
13. Estimation of nitrate in drinking water.
14. Growth Kinetics .
15. Wine Production.
16. Citric Acid fermentation
17. Determination of Biomass Yield
18. Isolation of Xenobiont degrading microorganisms.
19. Determination of Thermal Death Point
20. To test the production of enzymes: Amylases, proteases, lipases and cellulases by
microorganisms.
21. Isolation and identification of common microorganisms spoiling food (Fungi and
bacteria).
22. Preparation of fermented foods (koji, Saukeraut) and fermented beverages (soya
sauce, alcohol).
23. Determination of number of bacteria in milk by
-Standard plate count
-Direct microscopic count
24. Testing of milk by MBRT
25. Turbidity Test for Milk
26. Test for pasteurization of milk
27. Coliform Test for milk
28. Detection of Coliforms for determination of purity of potable water.
29. Determination of TDS of water sample.
30. Determination of Dissolved Oxygen concentration of water sample.
31. Determination if Biological Oxygen Demand of sewage sample.
32. Determination Chemical Oxygen Demand of sewage sample.
33. Determination the efficiency of removal of air pollutant using fibrous air filter.
34. Isolation of xenobiont degrading bacteria by selective enrichment techniques.
Any other practical based on theory syllabus