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Interface Design
Natural Design
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What is natural design?• Intuitive• Considers our learned
behaviors• Naturally designed
products are easy to interpret and understand.
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What is unnatural design?• Confusing• Non-intuitive
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Natural design in everyday life
• Hot/cold• Push/pull doors
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Why do products end up this way (non-intuitive)?
• No user testing• Form over function
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Naturally Designed Interactive Media
• What does the underlined text mean?• Where is the menu bar normally placed?• What does a flashing button mean?
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Form over function• Look of object is more important than how it
works.– Dolorian?– Women’s shoes?
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Limiting the options• A common trait of unnaturally designed
objects is that they have too many options.– E.g. Joseph A. Banks
• Striking a balance between offering a lot of information and not overwhelming the visitor.
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What if you can’t limit the options?• www.yahoo.com, www.bbc.com,
www.cnn.com– Enormous amount of information.– Categories presented in heirarchy.– Simple color scheme.– Crucial info above the fold.
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Usability• Interactive products that are intuitive and easy
to use have a lot of design effort invested in anticipating, understanding and managing of the users’ expectations.
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To aid usability of an interactive experience:
• Remove obstacles. (Let user’s interact with content as directly as possible).
• Minimize effort. (Keep related controls together).• Give feedback. • Be explicit - (What is clickable?)• Be flexible - (Let the user skip features).• Be forgiving - Don’t assume users will do the right
thing.• Take advantage of known conventions.
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When can one break the rules?
• Does your target audience have certain knowledge?
• Innovative navigation can help solve access problems. (Interface design would never evolve if nothing new is tried).
• Always test usability.
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Usability Testing• Answers the question: Is a technology easy for
the user to utilize?• Executed on all types of products.• Goal: identify and fix as many problems as
possible• Always on software, becoming more popular
on for interactive CDs and web sites.
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Who should do the usability test?
• Experts - can comment on problems that violate usability guidelines.
• Users - representative of people who will use product.
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Expert reviews of usability• Heuristic Evaluation - checks a web site to see if it violates any rules
contained in a short set of design heurisitics. • Guidelines Review – a much more thorough evaluation that is more
technical – might be able to be automated. One guideline might be checking the use of Alt tags.
• Cognitive Walkthrough – Experts go through a series of tasks the user would perform.
• Consistency Inspection – expert reviews all the web pages on the web site to ensure that the layout, terminology, and color are the same.
• Formal Usability Inspection – designers justify and defend their design choices to expert reviewers, screen by screen.
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User Testing• Select representative users – e.g. if the site is for doctors, don’t have
college students participate in your study• How to recruit – pay them or find someone who is enthusiastic about it
and will do it for free.• Select the setting –
– Usability lab – set up with computers and, a camera and recording device, and one- way mirror
– Workplace testing• Bring “lab in a bag”
• Web-based usability testing
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User testing - various types• Performance measurement – a quantitative measurement based on a list
of tasks the user is to perform –that the user was able to perform correctly
• Thinking Aloud – users are encourage to verbalize, out loud, their thoughts as they attempt to complete the set of tasks
• Coaching Method – user is assisted by the evaluator, but the user can also ask questions of the product that the evaluator can record.
• Questionaires – not only asking the users to complete the tasks – but then asking them for feedback on what it was like.