Institute of Plant ProtectionNational Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch
Warszawa, 13.11.2008.
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COUNTERFEITING AND OTHER PROBLEMS IN SALES OF PLANT
PROTECTION PRODUCTS
National Plant Protection and Seed Inspection Service
Polish Association of Plant Protection
Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch
ul. Gliwicka 29, 44-153 Sośnicowice
tel. (032) 238 75 84, fax. (032) 238 75 03
e-mail: [email protected] web: www.ior.gliwice.pl
International Conference:
Organizers:
Stanisław StobieckiAuthor:
ACTIONS BY INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION –
– NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AGAINST COUNTERFEITING
OF PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
Presentation Title:
Institute of Plant ProtectionNational Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch
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ORGANIZATION OF QUALITY TESTING IN POLAND
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL PLANT PROTECTION AND SEED INSPECTION SERVICE
INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION – NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Multi-year national programme:
„CROP PROTECTION ACCOUNTING FOR FOOD SAFETY AND PREVENTION OF YIELD
LOSSES AND HAZARDS TO HUMAN HEALTH, LIFESTOCK AND THE ENVIRONMENT”.
Task 2:
„Protection of people, animals and the environment against the adverse effects
of pesticides, including food safety control”.
Task 2.4.:
„Quality analyses of active substances and plant protection products”.
Funding secured from the national budget for 2006-2010
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ORGANIZATION OF QUALITY TESTING IN POLAND (cont.’d)
Task 2.4 Contractors
1) National Plant Protection and Seed Inspection Service
draft plans collect control samples provide substantive supervision of the task receive and approve reports
SCOPE:
2) Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch
SCOPE:
conduct analytic testing perform analyses of the results issue certificates of analysis draft detailed annual reports create databases provide IT services prepare analyses for policies regarding sales and distribution of plant protection
products
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ORGANIZATION OF QUALITY TESTING IN POLAND (cont.’d)
quality testing of technical concentrates for plant protection products analyses of expired pesticides resolution of claims regarding pesticide quality quality testing ordered by prosecutor’s office and police testing of products suspected of counterfeit testing of products from parallel import (planned for 2009)
SCOPE:
Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch
Pesticide quality testing ordered by other institutions:
Contractor:
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SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES UNDER TASK NO. 2.4.
number of samples tested: ~350 annually
type of samples: random, scheduled, interventional
development and advancement of analytical methods
on-going issue of certificates of analysis for Provincial Inspectorates
of Plant Protection and Seed Inspection
forwarding information on the results of analyses to all inspectors
via an internet server
on-going development of quality certificates
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EXECUTIVE CAPABILITITIES WITH RESPECT TO QUALITY TESTING
active substance content testing
identification and determination of impurities
content testing (identification of ingredients)
identity testing
physical and chemical properties
5-batch analyses of technical concentrates, according to GLP
CHEMICAL TESTS:
Physical and chemical methods:GC, HPLC-UV-DAD-RR, TLC-SCAN, GC-MS, LC-MS
laboratory and plot efficacy studies of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides
greenhouse and plot phytotoxicity testing
BIOLOGICAL TESTS:
producer’s methods, FAO-WHO specifications, CIPAC, AOAC standard international
methods, own method, scientific literature
METHODS:
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NEW CAPABILITIES OF CHEMICAL TESTING
„Laboratory modernization for comprehensive pesticide testing at IPP-NRI Sośnicowice Branch”
European Union Project:
Comprehensive remodeling of two laboratory facilities Purchase of modern analytical equipment
Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch
Beneficiary:
2007/2008 (completed in September 2008)
Time:
Scope:
GC – NPD, EC detectors HPLC – UV, DAD detectors GC-MS (2 chromatographs) – FID, ECD, MS-EI, MS-CHEM I detectors LC/MS/MS (triple quadrupole)
Quantitative analysis and identification of ingredients in pesticide formulations,
testing of impurities, residue analysis in plant material, soil, water, food
and agricultural products
Application:
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SUMMARY OF MONITORING ANALYSES IN 2007
Type of monitoring samples taken
by PIORiN
Number of samples
Type of determinationNumber of
determinations
Number of negative
determinations
SCHEDULED OFFICIAL
MONITORING44
phys.-chem properties 91 1
a.s. content 76 4
biological efficacy 2
RANDOM OFFICIAL MONITORING
245
phys.-chem properties 569 29
a.s. content 349 18
biological efficacy 18
INTERVENTIONAL OFFICIAL
MONITORING11
phys.-chem properties 18
a.s. content, identification of impurities
32 3
biological efficacy 0
TOTAL 300 TOTAL 1155 55
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COUNTERFEIT PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS
Plant Protection and Seed Inspection Service as part of the official pesticide
quality control
Institutions participating in distribution and use of pesticides
Orders for testing:
producers
importers
wholesalers
retailers
farm owners
other agricultural institutions
Law enforcement
police
Prosecutor’s office
Other state offices
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NUMBER OF PPP SAMPLES TESTED AT IPP-NRI
SOŚNICOWICE BRANCH IN CONNECTION WITH COUNTERFEITING
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
10 11 12 13 13
Total 2003-2007: 59
2008
71
(49 samples – ordered by PIORiN;
22 samples – ordered by other institutions)
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RESULTS OF ANALYSES FOR SAMPLES SUSPECTED
OF COUNTERFEIT – 2008
Number of samples received for analyses
by 07.11.200871
Confirmed counterfeit 56
Number of positive samples 9
Currently under analyses 6
Institute of Plant ProtectionNational Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch
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CAUSES FOR DETERMINING COUNTERFEITING
product different from a plant protection product
counterfeit, unauthentic label
label in a foreign language or no label
dilutions of a plant protection product
product different than label description
different profile of impurities than a standard product
formulation composition different from a standard product
Institute of Plant ProtectionNational Research Institute Sośnicowice Branch
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BASIC PROBLEM – PRODUCT IDENTITY TESTING
ACTIVE SUBSTANCE IDENTITY PESTICIDE FORMULATION IDENTITY
identical chemical compound
identical phys.-chem. properties
identical requirements with regard
to minimum purity
identical composition of impurities
identical method of synthesis
for the active substance
identical formulation type
identical ingredients, incl.
coformulants
identical quantitative ratio
of coformulants
identical phys.-chem properties
identical quality requirements
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NEED FOR MORE EFFICIENT ACTIONS
conduct intense information campaign for law enforcement with regard
to the specificity of counterfeit pesticides and proper classification
of the violation
urgent access of the controlling institutions to the original pesticides in order to
use them as reference products in identity testing
create a database with labels and types of containers for the most commonly
counterfeited products
exchange of information among the controlling offices of countries
collaborating against counterfeiting
improvement in communication between the interested parties – creation
of an internet forum?