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INQUIRY SCIENCEa year long, one (lab) credit, science course
for sophomores at Tahoma High School
begins with
The Scientific Methodthrough the lens of
Microbiology:The study bacteria & viruses
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First, you need
aka a TESTABLE questionwhich means it is… measurable
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SUPPORTED by
data
CONTRADICTEDNOT SUPPORTED by data
Once you’ve decided on your question, design/carry out
your experimentpaying close attention to its
validity & reliability
Recognizing that the process of scientific investigation is
CIRCULAR(“non-linear “… a never-
ending process!!)
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Following in the footsteps ofIgnaz Semmelweis,
But WHY Herr Doktor, must ve vash our handz before
every surgery!????Tahoma Investigation:
Where, on campus, do microbes
THRIVE!?
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CHAPTER 1 Major Concepts
MC #1Scientific investigations include... -a testable question -a design that leads to valid and reliable results (conclusions) -observations and measurement -an appropriate way of communicating and defending a scientific argument
MC #2Scientific inquiry is a systematic, nonlinear process that increases our chances of solving certain types of problems
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Every branch of science has its “GUT”
GRANDUNIFYING
THEORY
Geology has the Theory of Plate Tectonics
Physics is working on its String Theory
& Chemistry has the Molecular Theory
but Biology has the Grandest GUT of them all…
EVOLUTION
THE THEORY WITH MORE SUPPORTING EVIDENCE THAN ANY OTHER THEORY IN THE HISTORY OF MAN!!!
Chapter 6…
For example, let’s begin with…
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The fossil record
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STRATIGRAPHY
AND RADIOMETRIC DATING
!!?
OOPS
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Then there’s the… Can you tell the human embryo?from the pig?the lizard?or the chicken?Here’s a few hints…Hmmmm…
?But this one has…a 2-chambered (fish) heart, eyes on the SIDE of its head, gill slits (& gills!), a tail, a swim
bladder… it’s a FISH for cryin’ out loud!!!?
Then there’s…
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Natural Selection
aNd survival ofThefittest
WhichLeads toVariation among species And
ItStarts AllOveragain
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The HMS Beagle and the voyage of
Charles Darwin
Geologic Time & theHistory of Earth
And so much more evidence!!...but that will require additional chapters…
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CHAPTER 6 Major Concepts
Evolution explains the diversity of life on earth;
1) organisms change across time
2) natural selection explains how species change (across time)
3) multiple lines of evidence confirm evolution
4) physical properties (of the earth) change (across time)
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CHAPTER 7: Basic (Mendelian) Genetics Which
color pea is recessive?
Hmmm…offspring INHERIT traits from
their parents
in PREDICTABLE ratios!!!
Ah, yes, the Tahoma HS yeast lab.
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Chromosomes
Genes
& Karyotypes
Tongue-RollerNon-Roller
Which is DOMINANT?r
Down’s Syndrome
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CHAPTER 7 Major Concepts
Traits are transmitted from parent to offspring through gametes
Meiosis results in the formation of gametes that contain half the genetic information of other cells
Cells contain two copies of each chromosome and therefore two copies of each gene
Variations in the traits of different generations are explained by the fact that each individual gets two copies of each gene
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Chapter 8The Secret
Of Life
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DNA
The code must first be copied…Then translated into a new
language… RNA
PROTEIN
AMINOacids Which is made of…
“the embers that feed the
flame of EVOLUTION”
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And finally, the most powerful, most convincing EVIDENCE of biological evolution ever discovered…
DNA sequencing technologies
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CHAPTER 8 Major Concepts DNA is found in all living things and carries the genetic code for their characteristics DNA can replicate to pass its genetic information to new cells DNA serves as a template for making proteins Proteins are substances essential to life Mutations in DNA result in changes in proteins that can be advantageous, neutral, or detrimental to individual organisms (and their species) Similarities in DNA (or amino acids) show relatedness of organisms
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Chapter 9:
Bioethics
Just because we can,
SHOULD we? And if we
don’t, what’s to stop your
competition?
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CLONING
Genetic Discrimination
The Com- mercial- ization of Genes
Genetic Determinism
ally-modifiedOrganisms
(GMOs)
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Chapter 11: Carbon on the Move
Upsetting the balance…
Converting sinks to active…
And witness the consequences
CHAPTER 11 Major Concepts
• Some substances with carbon can be analyzed with simple tests• Earth has a fixed amount of carbon; that moves along several main
reservoirs• Carbon transfer involves chemical reactions with changes in atomic
structure and properties of the material• Simple reactions simulate carbon cycling in nature• Some carbon sinks in the past are now sources of fossil fuels
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CHAPTER 14: Interactions Among Populations
Like the moose and wolves of…
…and understanding the various relationships among living things
…like “Mutualism”Mind if I park it here for a bit? Be my guest
…and “Parasitism”
…or the classic “Predator/Prey”
It’s all about the Food Web
…and the transfer of
energy from one level to
another.
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To the one species at the top of every
pyramid, web, or chain
CH 15: Earth’s CapacityHow our increasing numbersThreaten our very existenceSo we search for solutionsREALISTIC solutions!…like REDUCING your……so, do you face the problem or deny its existence?Do YOU take action to live a SUSTAINABLE life……or do you continue along the path of self-destruction?
L
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Finishing the year with the sophomore capstone
project…
The SOS Project
The
Symposiumon
Overpopulationand