Download - Innovation in Wind
Innovation in Wind
WIND ASSURING CONFIDENCE
THROUGH COMPETENCE
Fraunhofer IWES
Andreas Reuter
copy Fraunhofer
Wind Market Outlook
Innovation cycles over the last 30 years
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Innovation 3 New Offshore Turbines
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Overview
copy Fraunhofer
Wind Market Outlook
Wind market growth until 2018
Cost Reduction Perspective for the next 10 years
Wind onshore
Innovation cycles over the last 30 years
GROWIAN
Variable speedPitch control
Danish concept
Constant speedStall Pitch
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch control
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch controlDirect drive
Innovation level
1985 1992 1995 1997
Innovation cycles over the past decades
Vestas V90
Compact drive
GE 15
Large scaleproduction
Offshore Turbines
bdquoNo RiskldquoTurbines
New concepts
2-BladedDownwindDirect drive
Innovation level
2002 2004 2006 2012
Innovation cycles over the past decades
2020
Size matters ndash and also the rating of a turbine
2012
2013
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Wind Market Outlook
Innovation cycles over the last 30 years
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Innovation 3 New Offshore Turbines
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Overview
copy Fraunhofer
Wind Market Outlook
Wind market growth until 2018
Cost Reduction Perspective for the next 10 years
Wind onshore
Innovation cycles over the last 30 years
GROWIAN
Variable speedPitch control
Danish concept
Constant speedStall Pitch
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch control
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch controlDirect drive
Innovation level
1985 1992 1995 1997
Innovation cycles over the past decades
Vestas V90
Compact drive
GE 15
Large scaleproduction
Offshore Turbines
bdquoNo RiskldquoTurbines
New concepts
2-BladedDownwindDirect drive
Innovation level
2002 2004 2006 2012
Innovation cycles over the past decades
2020
Size matters ndash and also the rating of a turbine
2012
2013
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Wind Market Outlook
Wind market growth until 2018
Cost Reduction Perspective for the next 10 years
Wind onshore
Innovation cycles over the last 30 years
GROWIAN
Variable speedPitch control
Danish concept
Constant speedStall Pitch
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch control
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch controlDirect drive
Innovation level
1985 1992 1995 1997
Innovation cycles over the past decades
Vestas V90
Compact drive
GE 15
Large scaleproduction
Offshore Turbines
bdquoNo RiskldquoTurbines
New concepts
2-BladedDownwindDirect drive
Innovation level
2002 2004 2006 2012
Innovation cycles over the past decades
2020
Size matters ndash and also the rating of a turbine
2012
2013
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Wind market growth until 2018
Cost Reduction Perspective for the next 10 years
Wind onshore
Innovation cycles over the last 30 years
GROWIAN
Variable speedPitch control
Danish concept
Constant speedStall Pitch
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch control
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch controlDirect drive
Innovation level
1985 1992 1995 1997
Innovation cycles over the past decades
Vestas V90
Compact drive
GE 15
Large scaleproduction
Offshore Turbines
bdquoNo RiskldquoTurbines
New concepts
2-BladedDownwindDirect drive
Innovation level
2002 2004 2006 2012
Innovation cycles over the past decades
2020
Size matters ndash and also the rating of a turbine
2012
2013
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Cost Reduction Perspective for the next 10 years
Wind onshore
Innovation cycles over the last 30 years
GROWIAN
Variable speedPitch control
Danish concept
Constant speedStall Pitch
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch control
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch controlDirect drive
Innovation level
1985 1992 1995 1997
Innovation cycles over the past decades
Vestas V90
Compact drive
GE 15
Large scaleproduction
Offshore Turbines
bdquoNo RiskldquoTurbines
New concepts
2-BladedDownwindDirect drive
Innovation level
2002 2004 2006 2012
Innovation cycles over the past decades
2020
Size matters ndash and also the rating of a turbine
2012
2013
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Innovation cycles over the last 30 years
GROWIAN
Variable speedPitch control
Danish concept
Constant speedStall Pitch
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch control
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch controlDirect drive
Innovation level
1985 1992 1995 1997
Innovation cycles over the past decades
Vestas V90
Compact drive
GE 15
Large scaleproduction
Offshore Turbines
bdquoNo RiskldquoTurbines
New concepts
2-BladedDownwindDirect drive
Innovation level
2002 2004 2006 2012
Innovation cycles over the past decades
2020
Size matters ndash and also the rating of a turbine
2012
2013
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
GROWIAN
Variable speedPitch control
Danish concept
Constant speedStall Pitch
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch control
Multi MW
Variable speedPitch controlDirect drive
Innovation level
1985 1992 1995 1997
Innovation cycles over the past decades
Vestas V90
Compact drive
GE 15
Large scaleproduction
Offshore Turbines
bdquoNo RiskldquoTurbines
New concepts
2-BladedDownwindDirect drive
Innovation level
2002 2004 2006 2012
Innovation cycles over the past decades
2020
Size matters ndash and also the rating of a turbine
2012
2013
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Vestas V90
Compact drive
GE 15
Large scaleproduction
Offshore Turbines
bdquoNo RiskldquoTurbines
New concepts
2-BladedDownwindDirect drive
Innovation level
2002 2004 2006 2012
Innovation cycles over the past decades
2020
Size matters ndash and also the rating of a turbine
2012
2013
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
2020
Size matters ndash and also the rating of a turbine
2012
2013
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Innovation 1 Drive Train Testing
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Test rig concept
16012014 copy Fraunhofer11
specimen
Test-rig layout
10 MW drive
Drive configuration 5deg inclined
Load application
Specimen 2 - 8 MW (bis 400 t)
LxWxH (18x12x13 m)Electrical input
Mechanical input
Load application
adapter
drive
Source IWESIDOM
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
16012014 copy Fraunhofer12
10 (15) MW drive
8600 kNm rated torque (11 rpm)
13000 kNm overload (lt 6 minutes)
Max rotaional speed 25 rpm
Compact and stiff drive train
Torsional stiff coupling allowing displacements
1 Eigenfrequency ca 10 Hz controllable up to 20 Hz
Test rig drive train
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer13
5 dof (moment bearing)
Thrust plusmn 1900 kN
Bending plusmn 20000 kNm
(rotating y- und z-axis)
Dynamic 0-2 Hz (30 of max load)
Onshore-WEA Red loads higher
dynamics
Load compensation (100 t)
15 MW hydraulic power
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
DyNaLab ndash Hardware-in-the-loopEchtzeitmodelle der WEA
Testen der realen Hardware
im Closed-Loop-Betrieb
Dyn load-
model
wind
(aerodynamics)
Wave effects
founding
soil-interactiononline-wind amp
turbine simulation RT
I-
test
data
WT-model
Development environment amp
Offline data processingReal-time Hardwaredata preprocessing
test model
Wind turbine model
rotor
tower
foundation
WT-
controller
RTI-
control
DyNaLab
Test Bench Control
Test B
en
ch
Mu
lti-
ch
an
nelM
easu
rin
g
WT-model
EtherCat
Load application
16012014 copy Fraunhofer14
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Electrical tests and grid simulation
16012014 copy Fraunhofer15
15 MVA grid connection
40 MVA 5060Hz transient power
Voltage level 10|20|36 kV
Control strategies
Artificial grid
Failure reproduction (eg short circuits)
MV connection panel
20kV AC-busbar
3kV DC-busbar
20kV 3kV 3kV
15MVAgrid-filter
2 x 6 MW
2 x 8 MW
2 x 5 MW
Prime mover
2 - 75 MW
NV-Distribution
3kV3kV 10|20|33kV
2x20 MVA
measuring fields
2 x 10MVA 2 x 10MVA
05-1MW
active Filter
400V 10|20|33kV
1MVA
fine
grid-filter
coarse
grid-filter
MV-Grid-simulation
4Q-Converter
(prime mover)
4Q-Converter
(test rig supply)
MV grid
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Testing for higher Reliability amp Risk-Mitigation
There are different focuses at Component Sub- amp System Testing
Prototype development optimization
Design verification analysis model validation
End of line production conformity quality assurance
Certification Tests Support for Certification process
Accelerated lifetime and reliability testing (HALT HASS)
To prove design properties and to optimize the components in terms of
mass durability reliability and costs testing is essential
What is essential (Approach IWES + Industrial PartnersCustomers)
Field data amp experience suitable models amp data analysis algorithms
Knowledge of failure root causes and mechanisms
Suitable Test Technology (Test hardware) amp Procedures
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
System-Competence amp TestinfrastructurV
lowering bdquoCost of Energyldquo
Testing Validation Optimization Inspection
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Innovation 2 Large Rotor Blades
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Source J P Molly DEWI GmbH
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Some basics in physics similarity laws
Absolut Relative
Power P=ρ2 cp(λ) v3 R2 π R2
Speed R-1
Weight R3
Area surface R2
Weight loading R1
Growth is challenging
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
D
Influence of dead weight
L
D DiameterL LengthF Dead weightM max bending moment
due to dead weightW Moment of elasticitysmax max StressMu allowable bending
moment
F=Lfrac14pDsup2r
M=frac12FL
W=132pDsup3
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
I Rod
d
II Tube
F=Lfrac14p(Dsup2-dsup2)r
M=frac12FL
W=132 p(D4-d4)D
smax = MW
Mu= smaxW
D
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Rod or tube D = 10mGlass-Epoxy r = 23000 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2 Carbon-Epoxy r = 5333 Nmsup3 smax = 800 Nmmsup2
Influence of dead weight
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
II Tube d= 098D
II Tube d= 080D
I Rod
length [ m ]
GFK
CFK
Possible blade
length in coming
years
Current
d
D
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Materials and Processes
Blade related processes
Fibre Placement
Bonding and bonding processes
Curing
Post mold processes and finish
Assesment
SINOI 2009
wwwmodwindcom
wwwbladedynamicscom
wwwneptcocom
241252014 copy Fraunhofer
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
New developments on the material side
05122014 copy Fraunhofer
Instead of going for Carbon
Glass qualities improve still further
VF glass higher from 50 to 6070 requires absolutely flat fibres
Manufacturing process tightly controlled
CNTs can we guarantee an even distribution of CNTs in every 01 mm2 in the whole blade
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Rotor Concepts
Aeroix
Spinner and its elements
Rotor blade optimization
Passive systems for load reduction
Active systems for load reduction
New concepts eg kites
bdquoSmart Bladesldquo
windscannereu by Risoslash DTUSmart Rotor by TU Delft
NREL
Nautica Windpower
Sandia
261252014 copy Fraunhofer
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
SmartBlades
Development of smart rotor blades
Tool and model development
Integrated blade design
Component development and test
Manufacturing technology
Load reduction for blades and turbines especially WT gt 5MW
Reduction of cost of energy
Technology demonstration
Investigation of three technologies
Passiv
Active flaps
Active slats
Partners
DLR
Fraunhofer ndash IWES
ForWind (Uni OL und Uni H)
Duration 1212 ndash 0216 Budget 126 Meuro
1252014 copy Fraunhofer27
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Innovation 3 New Drive Trains
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
copy Fraunhofer IWES
double bearing
tower interface
blade interface
hubDD-Rotor
Main frame
generator stator
blade interface
ldquoKing pinrdquo
Principle
Hub-Generator Turbine Approach
Design Concept Approaches
Generator DD-PMSG High flux approach
Suspension double suspension Standard bearing
Highest Integration level by Hub-drive
Possible rated power 3 ndash 8 MW
Hubblade interface material Iron or Alu-cast
ldquoReducedrdquo active pi tch ed blade length
Benefitshighly integrated ldquodrive t
r
ai nrdquo
Reduced tower head mass
Separate hub is no longer necessary
Shorter blades for same rotor diameter
Segmented RotorHub (logistics mass production)
Nearly no load related deformation of generator airgap
( high efficiency amp low load-sensibility Design)
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Innovation 4 Wind in the Future Energy Supply
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Wind as part of the future energy supply
ldquoIf Alexander Graham Bell were somehow transported to the 21st century
he would not begin to recognize the components of modern telephony ndash
cell phones texting cell towers PDAs etc while Thomas Edison one
of the gridrsquos key early architects would be totally familiar with the
grid
[ ldquoFinal report on smart grid Dept of Energy Report Dec 2008]
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
March 2007 NZWEA34
Two approaches to connection
Invest and Connect
Common approach on transmission
Minimises constraint costs
Delays for connections due outage
planning planning consents
Wind projects with planning permission
are delayed
Planning permission can run out whilst
waiting
Connect and Manage
Approach proposed by renewables
industry
Constraint will be higher
Constraint costs can be managed
No stranded assets
Proven need in planning enquiries for new
transmission assets
Generators can connect as soon as local
assets are built
Low risk of planning permission expiry
Immediate benefit to emissions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
March 2007 NZWEA35
Comparing
Ireland
Eirgrid is System Operator
GATErsquod development
Reinforcement costs shared
Constrain until reinforcement completed
Curtail when necessary
Great Britain
NGET is TSO
Existing North South flows increasing with
wind
ldquoinvest and connect policyrdquo
Will not connect and curtail
~10+ years delay for wind projects
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Future Wind Power in a Smart EnvironmentA smart community is a town in which residents workers and business enterprises carry out sustainable earth-friendly action autonomously thereby improving the local infrastructure and social system
Image of a Smart Community
5
New-generation
Gas Station
Zero
Emission
Buildings
Cogeneration
Solar Power
Wind Power
Energy Management System
GE GE
Solar Power
Smart House
Storage
Battery
Biogas
Wind Power
Mega Solar
Na-S Battery
EVs and PHEVs
Enable better use of
heat in addition to
electricity
Construct an energy system which is mutually
beneficial for main grid operator and regional
energy management provider
Home Storage
Battery
Waste Heat
Utilize IT for
peak cuts
Regional Energy
Management Provider
Construct charging
stations for EVs
GE GE
Information Network
Smart Meter
Visualization of home
energy use and
demand control
Connect BEMS with
regional EMS
Main Grid
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Covers 110000 of Germanys load curve at any time ndash control of real plants
Wind Solar Biogas HydroImport
Export
126 MW 55 MW 40 MW 10 MW 10 MW
The Renewable Power Plant
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
storagetransport
windpower
heat
traffic
sources consumption
power grid
gas grid
sun
compensation
gas storage
atmosphere biomass waste(fossil fuels)
tank
electrolysisH2-tank methan-
ation
renewable power methane plant
gasfired power plants
Linking the Electricity Market with other Energy Markets
Thank you for your attention Questions
Thank you for your attention Questions