The pyramid character
Prosperity
I n n o v a t i o n
Invention
Inventor
Invention
Invention
InventorInventor
InventorInventor
Invention
The eliminating hunger will require significant technological innovations
in food production.
This is the most important challenge in the innovation.
•Plant breeding•Fertilization•Plant protection•Animal breeding•New foods•New Food industrial technologies
Main agro innovation directions
New answer: Genetic Modification
1.Increased quality and yield of the crop 2.Increased tolerance of environmental pressures3.Resistance to viruses, fungi and bacteria 4.Increased tolerance to insect pests 5.Increased tolerance of herbicides
Plant breeding
The oil age ends soon end we must produce more and more energy.
How?
This is an important challenge in the innovation.
New energy carriers
New answers: Bio-diesel, Bio-ethanol, Hydrogen, Methanol
An energy carrier is a substance or phenomenon that can be used to produce heat, mechanical work.
Note that coal, oil and natural gas are energy sources which were extracted from the earth (fossil fuels).
Hydrogen economy
2H2 + O2 2H2O + Energy
Free hydrogen does not occur naturally in quantity, and thus it must be generated from some other energy source by steam reformation of natural gas or water decomposition by heat or electricity.
The term hydrogen economy was coined by John Bockris (1970).
Methanol economy
Methanol is a fuel for heat engines and fuel cells. Methanol is a liquid under normal conditions, allowing it to be stored, transported and dispensed easily. It can also be readily transformed into diesel fuel. Methanol is directly prepared from CO2.
CO2 + 3H2 → CH3OH + H2O
CH3OH + 2O2 → 2CO2 + H2O + Energy
The term methanol economy was coined by Gerorge Oláh (2006).
There is the world economic crisis. How can we overcome the crisis?
By assistance of innovation
which is important challenge.
Promote of innovation
•Equal innovation chance for independent inventors, universities and SMEs by simple and cheap patenting and governmental financial support
New answer: EU Patent
International level
National level
Equal chances in patenting
Independent inventor Global company
Country 1 Country 2 Country 3 Country 4 Country 5 Country 6
International level
National level
Equal chances in patenting
Independent inventor Global company
Reduction of international IP protection expenses by EU Patent
Promote of innovation
•Protection against the innovation scams
New answer: to copy U.S. „Inventor Protection Act”
What is the meaning of SCAM?
Origin: 1963, U.S. slang, a carnival term, of unknown origin. Perhaps related to 19c. British slang scamp "cheater, swindler".
-noun:a confidence game or other fraudulent scheme, esp. for making a quick profit; swindle.
-verb:to cheat or defraud with a scam.
The most notorious scamming
The so-called "419 scam” is a type of fraud named after an article of the Nigerian penal code under which it is prosecuted. The scam principle is to get the victim to send cash upfront by promising them a large amount of money.
Inventor Scam
Scams: Persons, innovation promotion companies, and organizations which commercialize inventions
Promises:
Cheap protection of inventionPrototype makingPresenting the idea to industryAdvertising (TV, radio etc.)Investor findingInnovation managing Governmental support
U.S. Inventor Scam Statistics
•About 20 000 victims per year.
•Typical amount (10,000 to $20,000) inventors lose on scam services that don’t pan out.
•Every year, as much as $200 million flows from the wallets of American inventors into the hands of scurrilous promoters and hardly a penny flows back to the unsuspecting inventor.
American Inventors Protection Act
Invention scams are a BIG PROBLEM, US Congress stepped in to help the inventor (1999).
The AIPA legislation was passed to protect the American Inventor from fraudulent invention promotion companies.
Influence of the AIPA
Monitoring of innovation promotion companies, and publish the list of inventor scams.
Fines and Settlement Costs for Invention Scam Cases
Invention promotion firms to pay $60 million in connection with a scheme that defrauded 17 000 inventors (2007).
Prison Sentences for Invention Scams
8 years: R. Boulerice, age 62. 6 years: J. Samson, age 61.
The IFIA work concerning against inventor
scamming
•Monitoring the inventor scams out USA•Make proposals for the legislation