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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 1
Infrared Holography : A Combination of
Thermography and Holography
Marc GEORGES
Head of Laser & Nondestructive Testing Lab
Centre Spatial de Liège – Université de Liège
Angleur, Belgium
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 2
• The Space Center of Liege
• The lab - Background
• Infrared Holography : Combination with
thermography
– Basic Principles
– Motivations
– The FANTOM project
– Development – Results and Applications
• Infrared Holography : Other projects
• Other activities
• Future projects
Outline
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 3
The Space Center of Liege
3
• Research Center of Liege University
• 100 people
– Engineers/Scientists (2/3)
– Technicians
– Administratives
• Excellence Center of Optics of the
European Space Agency (ESA)
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 4
The Space Center of Liege
4
Optics for Space
Simulated space environment testing
Large chambers with optical benches
Development of optical
Space instrumentation
Development of
Advanced Technologies
• Vacuum-Cryogeny
• Quality insurance
• Thermal Design
• Signal Processing
• Spaceborne Electronics
• Smart sensors
• Surface processing
• Optical Design
• Optical Metrology
• Non Destructive Testing
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
The Laser and NDT Lab
5
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 6 6
The Laser & NDT Lab
Combined Speckle-Thermography
Dimensional measurement
• Fringe projection
• Digital Image Correlation
Research in laser and optical metrology and NDT for aerospace
Deformation measurement
• Holography
• Speckle interferometry
• Shearography
Thermography
• Pulsed + Lock-in
Laser Ultrasonics
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 7 7
The Laser & NDT Lab
• Early developments in holography with photorefractive crystals
• Self-recording in situ
• Erasable
• Reusable indefinitely
Userfriendly
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 8 8
The Laser & NDT Lab
Vibration mode shapes
Deformation metrology
Defect detection
• Applications
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
Infrared Holography:
Combination Holography-
Thermography
9
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 10
• Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI)
aka : Electronic Holography – TV Holography
Zoom of recorded
intensity pattern
(speckles)
Zoom of local
interference pattern
(specklegram)
I(x,y)
2
),(sin),('
yxyxII
Basic Principles
l laser wavelength
),(2
),( yxdyxl
l/2
object
beam
reference
beam
d(x,y): displacement field
Time t1 : ),(cos),(),(2),(),(),( yxyxIyxIyxIyxIyxI OROR
Time t2 : ),(),(cos),(),(2),(),(),(' yxyxyxIyxIyxIyxIyxI OROR
l/2
Phase Map ),( yx
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 11
),(cos),(),(2),(),(),(1 yxyxIyxIyxIyxIyxI OROR
2),(cos),(),(2),(),(),(2 yxyxIyxIyxIyxIyxI OROR
2
2),(cos),(),(2),(),(),(3 yxyxIyxIyxIyxIyxI OROR
2
3),(cos),(),(2),(),(),(4 yxyxIyxIyxIyxIyxI OROR
31
241tan),(II
IIyx
Phase Map ),( yx
4,3,2,1
),(kk yxI
4,3,2,1
),('kk yxI
),( yx
),(' yx
),('),(),( yxyxyx
Phase-shifting principle
Basic Principles
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
Motivation of using LWIR
CO2 laser
l=10 µm
(LWIR range)
Zoom of local interference pattern
(specklegram)
l/2 l/2
Phase map / displacement field
),( yx
Pattern must be stable during recording
(depends on frame rate)
Set-up stability criterion : < l/10
Visible lasers : stability better than 50 nm
Measurement range Number of fringes
Visible lasers : range = 50 nm – 10 µm
stability can be only 1 µm range = 1 µm – 200 µm
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 13
In the LWIR range
Usually applied
in the visible range
LWIR Thermographic camera
(Microbolometer array)
CO2 laser l = 10 µm
l = 8-14 µm
LWIR Speckle Interferometry
l = 400-700 nm
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
Laser ON
Hologram/Specklegram
Laser OFF
Thermal background
14
LWIR Speckle Interferometry
,.)(xI ,.)(xI
Single sensor
Simultaneous measurement of
• Temperature variation
• Deformation
),(),(1 yxIyxI Thermal ),(cos),(),(2),(),(),(),(1 yxyxIyxIyxIyxIyxIyxI ORORThermal
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
New concept = FANTOM project
Single sensor
Simultaneous measurement of
• Temperature variation
• Deformation
FANTOM : Full-Field Advanced Non-Destructive Technique for Online
Thermo-Mechanical Measurement on Aeronautical Structures
Partner Country Profile
Centre Spatial de Liège
Université de Liège
Coordinator – University Research Centre
Development/application of non destructive testing
techniques
Institut für Technische Optik
Universität Stuttgart
University Research Centre
Specialist of Holography
InfraTec GmbH SME – Development of Thermography system and
applications
Centro de Tecnologias
Aeronauticas
Research Centre
Specialist of Non Destructive Testing – Structural Tests
Optrion S.A. SME – Development of Holography system and
applications
Innov Support SME – Servicing partner
Grant : ACP7-GA-2008-213457
Start 2009 – End 2012
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 16
Potential applications
Thermo-mechanical deformation of aeronautics composite structures
Defect detection in aeronautics composite structures
Thermography :
Local Temperature change
Speckle interferometry -
Shearography :
Local deformation
Thermography :
Temperature Measurement Fringe Projection method :
Global deformation
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
FANTOM sensor development
Beam combiner characteristics
Transmittance
Reflectance
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 18
FANTOM sensor development
18
Laboratory set-up
Transportable field prototype
Water pipes
Water cooler
Computer for control and post-processing
Rack with all supplies
Electronicscabinet
Laboratory compact prototype
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
• Decoupling temperature and deformation
Proof of Concept
19
Wrapped phase Unwrapped phase
Temperature variation
Helicopter panel
3D plot of deformation
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 20
cos21 ORORTherm IIIIII
2cos22 ORORTherm IIIIII
22cos23 ORORTherm IIIIII
23cos24 ORORTherm IIIIII
31
241tanII
II
4,3,2,1kkI
4,3,2,1
'kkI
'
ThermTherm III '
Phase-shifting principle
Processing
Deformation (phase map)
ORTherm IIIIII
I
4
4321
'
ThermI
ThermI '
Temperature variation
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 21
• Defect detection
Applications
(a) (b) (c)FANTOM interferogram FANTOM deformation
SHEARO deformationFANTOM thermogramOLT phase thermogram(d) (e) (f)
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 22
• Thermo-mechanical analysis
HolographicInterferometryDeformationl=532 nm
FANTOMDeformationl=10.6 µm
FANTOMThermogram
Sample
HolographicCamera
l=532 nm
Heatinglamp
(a) (b)
(c)
(d)
Applications
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 23
• Thermo-mechanical analysis
FANTOM thermogramFANTOM deformationCoupons on heating baseplate(d) (e) (f)
ThermogramFringe projection deformationFringe projection +
Thermographic camera(a) (b) (c)
Coupons
Fringe projectionThermal
camera
Coupons
Baseplate
Applications
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 24
• On-site measurements : CTA plant, Vitoria (Spain)
Tensile Test
Applications
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 25
• On-site measurements : Airbus D41 plant, Toulouse
Airbus D41 « Tear Down »
« All Composite Aircraft » A350 Fuselage FANTOM industrial prototype
Applications
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 26
• On-site measurements
T
f
time Lamp start
After 2 seconds After 30 seconds After 6 minutes
Applications
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
Infrared Holography :
Other Projects
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 28
• Vibration measurements with FANTOM
Current project : A.O.C.
)sin(),(2
),,(2
),,( tyxtyxdtyx A l
l
Averaged intensity:
),,(),(cos),(),(2),(),(),,( tyxyxyxIyxIyxIyxItyxI OROR
AOROR JyxyxIyxIyxIyxItyxI 0),(cos),(),(2),(),(),,(
AORrest JyxyxIyxItyxItII 00 1),(cos),(),(2),,(Real-time Speckle
Interferometry
2910 Hz 7960 Hz 8450 Hz 8630 Hz 11720 Hz 12630 Hz 13775 Hz 19650 Hz 21520 Hz
(b) (c)(a)
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 29
• Infrared digital holography for space structures
Past project : HOLODIR
• ESA and other space agencies need:
– Full-field deformations of reflectors in vacuum-thermal testing
– Large reflectors: up to 4 m diameter
– Range of deformations: 1 µm – 250 µm
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 30
• Infrared digital holography for space structures
In-line Digital Holographic Interferometry
Higher lateral resolution than Off-Axis DH
Phase-shifting for removing overlapping orders
Slow deformation phenomena
Diameter: 1.1 m
Focal Length: 1.58 m Herschel
demo reflector
Past project : HOLODIR
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
• Application in vacuum-thermal test at CSL
Past project : HOLODIR
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
Current project : EUCLID
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
Other activities
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 34
• Holography/Speckle vs. Shearography
Current projects
),(2
),( yxdyxl
d(x,y): displacement field
xx
yxdyx
l
),(2),(
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• Post-processing of Shearography
Current projects
Automated defect detections in shearographic images
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 36
• Post-processing of Shearography
Current projects
Temporal sequence shows various defects at different instants
Heat wave travelling through the sample
Principal Components Analysis provides
• Empirical Orthogonal Functions
• With all defects at once
• Same visibility of defects independent
of depth
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014 37
Current projects
• Efficient Composite Technologies for Aircraft Components
(ECOTAC) – Wallonia DG06 – Marshall plan
• Phase 1: benchmarking (2011-2012)
– Study emerging laser/optical NDT techniques
– Complex shape aeronautical structures in CFRP
NDT inspection
Techniques considered
• Thermography
• Shearography
• Laser Ultrasound
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• ECOTAC Phase2 : Laser ultrasonics
Current projects
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Mivim, Université Laval, Québec, April 11, 2014
• TECCOMA (follow up of ECOTAC)
– Laser ultrasonics : continue ECOTAC
– Shearography combined with Finite Element
Modelling for
• Improved NDT procedure
• Reverse Engineering for defect parameters
assessment
– NDT data fusion
• Laser scanner on measurement arm or robot
• NDT heads (thermo/shearo/laser ultrasound)
• Include defect images in CAD images
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Future projects
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Thanks for Your Attention !
www.csl.ulg.ac.be
Orbi ULG (publication repository)