Download - Infectious Diseases of Cats
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Infectious Diseases of Cats
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Feline Leukemia Virus Infection
Retrovirus, Feline Leukemia Virus
Saliva of infected cats, tears,
urine, or feces
Anemia, jaundice, depression, weight loss,
decreased appetite
Diarrhea or constipation, bloody stool,
excessive drinking and urination Reproductive disorders: abortion and
infertility
Cancers, kidney disease, liver disease, and
neurological disorders
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Friendly cat disease
Virus becomes part of the host's genetic
material = life long Compromises the immune system
Temporary remissions may be achieved
by using antiviral drugs or by using certainchemotherapy drugs
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Three main types of feline leukemia virus:FeLV-A - present in all cats with FeLV
and causes immune suppression
FeLV-B - present in around half of allcats with FeLV, and causes tumors and other
abnormal tissue growth
FeLV-C - occurs in about 1% of FeLV-infected cats and causes severe anemia
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Prevention
Vaccination
does not guarantee
absolute protection
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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Virus decreases the immune system'sability to fight off diseases
Loss of appetite, Infections of the skin,bladder, and upper respiratory tract,
diarrhea, severe wasting, nervous signs
Lentivirus
five FIV subtypes: A, B, C, D, and E
Saliva, through open wound
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Treatment and Control
No vaccine is
available to prevent
FIV
Antibiotics andantifungal drugs
Supportive care
AZT (azidothymidine )
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Feline Infectious Peritonitis
FIP, coronavirus a mutant of Feline Enteric Coronavirus
< 3 years and > 10 years of age, in poor physical
condition, or in stressed situations
Ingestion, inhalation, and contact
with infected feces and urine,vertical transmission
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Two forms
Wet or effusive type
most common form with signs likefever, sneezing, watery eyes, nasaldischarge, depression, or loss of
appetite Progresses into weight loss and fluid
in the abdomen (PERITONITIS)
Fluid accumulation in the chestresults in difficulty breathing
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Dry or noneffusive type less common with a much
slower onset than the wetform
fever, weight loss,anemia, and depression,with minimal fluidaccumulation
hard masses may form in
the chest or abdomen eyes become cloudy or
the pupil becomes anabnormal shape
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Treatment and Control
The only treatment available is supportive
FIP is highly fatal, but with good care, love, and attentioninfected animals can remain comfortable and happy forsome time
FIP virus lasts in the environment for up to 6 or 7 weeks
Easily killed with disinfectants
Bring new cat 6 or 7 weeks after control of FIP
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Experimental Treatment
Immune suppressionFIP is a disease created by the cats own immunesystem. Immunosuppressive drugs such asPREDNISONE and CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE have been
used to slow the progression of FIP.
Removing the effusionSuction of effusion will ease the difficulty breathing of acat with fluid in its chest and belly
Antiviral DrugsRibavarin
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FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA
Feline distemper, infectious enteritis, cat fever,and feline agranulocytosis
Very contagious and can be found anywherethere is a cat population
Primarily affects young kittens but has beenknown to affect older cats
Lowers the animals immune defenses byseverely depressing all white blood cellproduction
Parvovirus
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Direct contact, fomites, feces, and urine
Virus survives in the environment up to a year and mostchemicals cannot kill the virus
Fever,inappetence, vomiting, dehydration
The virus spreads to the bone marrowleukopenia bloody, liquid stool due to the severe hemorrhaging in
the small intestine
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Treatment
There is no cure for the disease
IV fluids, and plenty of rest to boost its energy
Older cat = boost immune system
Young cat = supportive care
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Rabies in Cats
Rhabdovirus
Bite of a rabid animal
Irritability, aggressiveness, and
paralysis
Depressed and withdrawn, hoarse
voice
Treatment:
antiserum + vaccination
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Not fatal but creates a life-long problems with upperrespiratory disorders
Coughing, sneezing,discharge from the nares,fever and poor appetite mayplague the cat all its life
Chronic tearing (epiphora)
and crusty eye discharge Corneal ulceration
Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis
Herpesvirus
Inhalation,
direct contact
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Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
Diagnosis
Cx, immunofluorescence, viral isolation
Treatment
No specific treatment
Antibiotics prevent secondary infection
Prevention
Vaccination
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Treatment
Not specific
Antibiotics, corticosteroid
Feline Calicivirus Infection
Highly contagious upper
respiratory virus
Moderate fever, poor
appetite and ulceration ofthe tongue, mouth and lips
Weight loss and lethargy
Polyarthritis (immune complex)
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Feline Chlamydiosis
Feline pneumonitis
5 weeks to 9 months old Part of feline URTI complex(FVR, calicivirus)
Chlamydia psittaci
Direct contact, contact
with eye, mouth and nasaldischarges
Sneezing, ocular discharge, nasal
drainage, sneezing, tearing and
salivation and coughing
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Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Bacterial culture of swab samples
IFA
Treatment
Tetracycline eye ointment
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Toxoplasmosis
Coccidian parasite
3 infectious stages ofTgond i i :1. Tachyzoites (rapidly multiplying
form)
2. Bradyzoites (tissue cyst form)
3. Sporozoites (in oocysts)
Toxoplasma gondiiFelids (wild and domestic)
are definitive hosts
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1. Consumption of infectious oocysts in cat
feces
2. Consumption of tissue cysts in infected
meat
3. Transplacental transfer of tachyzoites
from mother to fetus
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Depends on the # of tachyzoites released
(tissue damage) ,ability of immune system
to control tachyzoites and organs
damaged
Fever, diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, icterus,
seizures, and death
Abortion and stillbirth
Multiple organ necrosis in fetus
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Diagnosis
Biologic, serologic, or histologic methods
CSF and aqueous humor for presence of
tachyzoites or anti- Tgondiiantibodies
Tachyzoites may be seen in tissue impression
smears
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Treatment
Sulfadiazine (15-25 mg/kg) andpyrimethamine (0.44 mg/kg)
Acute stage
Active multiplication
Ineffective against bradyzoite
Diaminodiphenylsulfone, atovaquone, and
spiramycin Clindamycin is the treatment of choice for
dogs (10-40 mg/kg) and cats (25-50 mg/kg)
for 14-21 days
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Hemobartonellosis
Immune system destroys RBCs FelineInfectious Anemia
Hemobartonella felis
RBC parasite
Bite wounds, in-utero, milk,
flea bites
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Loss of appetite, fever, lethargy,
depression, and pale mouth and
gums Weight loss, vomiting, dehydration,
and difficulty in breathing
Infection is life-long
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Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Examination of blood smear
Treatment
Tetracycline
Prednisone
Blood transfusion
Oxygenation
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DERMATOPHYTE INFECTION
RINGWORM
Microsporum canis
Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum
persicolor = contact with infected wild rodents
Direct contact or exposure to contaminated
grooming tools, clippers or bedding
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Typical skin lesions are discrete, roughlycircular, non-itchy, areas of hair loss
head
ears
extremities of the paws
Broken hairs near lesions
Scaly and inflamed skin
TREATMENT:
Topical and oral antifungals
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INTESTINAL PARASITES
Most common areroundworms and tapeworms.
Protozoal intestinal parasites:
Giardia commonly causeloose, gassy stool andabdominal cramping,especially in young kittens
Coccidia are common instressed kittens or those withimproper diets
Loose, tan stools
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Ascarid egg Whipworm egg
Hookworm egg Tapeworm egg packet
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CUTANEOUS PARASITES
EAR MITES: Otodectes cyanotis
"coffee grounds" appearanceto the dark material in thecat's ear canal area
Itchiness, head shaking
TICKS
FLEAS
SCABIES: Scabies mites and
Demodex mites are very rare oncats
CHEYLETIELLA
small skin parasites thatcreate flaky, dandruff-like
scales and cause irritation
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Normal values in cats (Felis catus)
Normal Range
Weight, adult males: 3-7 kg
Weight, adult females: 3-4 kg
Birth weight: 110g 20
Estrus cycle: 14 days (anovular)
Gestation range, days 65.5 1.7
Litter size: 3-6 (range 1-10)
Weaning age, weeks: 4 - 7
Breeding life of female: 4-5 years
Breeding life of male: 5-7 years
Breathing rate/minute: 20-40
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Life expectancy 9-14 years
Heart beats/minute 100 - 120) kitten (130 - 180)
Body temperature: 100.5-102.5o F (38.1o C -39.2o C)
Recommended space
requirement
4 kg - (=4 ft x 24
in. H)
Recommended room
temperature
64-84o F
Recommended room
humidity30-70%
Litter/Bedding typetreated corn cob, beet pulp, wood shavings or
commercial product
Feed consumption
(average):
ounce Dry Dog Chow per 1 pound of body
weight
Water consumption: 50-70 ml/kg
Kittens begin on dry
feed:4-6 weeks
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FELINE
Vaccination
ProtocolNeonates* Kitten Series
Last
Kitten
Booster
First
Adult
Booster
Adult Boosters
Vaccines 2-4 weeks 6-8weeks
10-12weeks
12-13weeks
15 months Annually Every 3years
Feline
Viral
Rhinotrac
heitis (FVR)
Panleukop
enia (FPV)
Feline
Calicivirus
Rabies
Virus # #
Feline
Leukemia(FeLV)
(optional)
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Deworming Guidelines
Deworming history of newly acquired kittens should beobtained to determine whether additional deworming is
needed.
Kittens
Begin treatment at 6 weeks of
age; repeat at 8 and 10
weeks of age.
Nursing DamsTreat concurrently with
kittens.
Adult Cats
Treat regularly for prevention.
Also monitor and eliminate
parasites in pet'senvironment.
Newly Acquired Animals
Worm immediately; repeat in
2 weeks, then follow above
recommendations.