TMFreescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
FTF-IND-F0761Industrial Motor Control Roadmap
June, 2010
Raul Hernandez ArthurMicrocontroller Solutions Group - Motor Control Market Lead
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2Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Motor Control Target Applications► Pumps and fans
• pool pumps, factory systems
► HVAC• heating fans, air-conditioners
► Industrial drives • Manufacturing assembly, robotics, wind turbines, printing
presses
► Appliances• washers, dryers, power tools
► Medical• scanners, pumps, diagnostic and therapy
► Automotive Motor Control Trends • Fuel/Water pumps, HVAC Fan Control, Window lift • Increasing adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles continues to
drive BLDC demand 2
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3Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Motor Control – Market Trends
3
►Market Trend ►Customer Requirements
Reduce power consumption
► Intelligent motor control improves efficiency by 30 percent or more► Implement variable speed motor control with inverter-based drive systems► Smarter systems to sense environment and react in real time
Reduce system and development cost
► More on-chip peripherals to reduce component count► Libraries and reference designs for common functions► Expert customer support
Reuse software, hardware and tools across platforms
► Support multiple motor types with one unified platform► Ease software migration across wide performance range► Tools to develop increasingly complex algorithms
Cost-effective safety, reliability and security
► IEC regulatory approval requires single-bit failure detection► On-chip protection against IP cloning and network data hacking► Easier product certification to meet safety standards
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4Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Motor Control – Freescale Alignment with Trends
4
►Market Trend ►Freescale Alignment with Customer Requirements
Reduce power consumption
► Vector and sensorless control technology designed into every motor control processor
Reduce system and development cost
► 8- and 16-bit MCUs start at <$0.70► 16-bit DSCs for ACIM and PMSM solutions► 32-bit Power Architecture® MCUs for standard/premium drives
Reuse software, hardware and tools across platforms
► Rich tools, training, reference designs and libraries► Devices are ruggedized with long life and reliability► Industrial products ship 10+ years, with high quality and expert customer
support
Cost-effective safety, reliability and security
► Secure SRAM, on-chip data fusing to protect against IP cloning► Hardware encryption to protect against network data hacking ► Watchdog and ECC protection against soft errors► Certified IEC software modules
TM
5Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 5
Freescale Product Longevity Program
►The embedded market needs long-term product support
► Freescale has a longstanding track record of providing long-term production support for our products
►Freescale offers a formal product longevity program
• A broad range of devices are made available for a minimum of 10 or 15 years from the time of launch
• Participating Freescale products are listed at www.freescale.com/productlongevity
TM
6Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Industrial Motor Control Solutions
Freescale Motor Control Processors
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7Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Motor and Motion Control
Motor control needs specialized timers and performance is highlydependent upon the control algorithm used
►For small motors and appliances use MC9S08 8-bit controllers
►For higher performance in fractional horsepower motors use cost-effective MC56F8xxx 16-bit digital signal controllers
7
► For larger motors needing high performance use ColdFire®processors with eTPU
► For large motors or very complex motion control, use processors built on Power Architecture™technology
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8Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Typical Motor Control MCU Peripheral Functions
►Timer:• PWM signals < 20Khz• Dead time insertion• Commutation (mask-out)• ADC triggering• Fault control
►ADC• Measure current
►Delay block• Set ADC measurement at
specific times
►Position decoder• Quadrature decoder inputs if not
sensorless8
6 ch PWMtimer
12 bit ADC
Fault inputs
Prog delay
Positiondecoder
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9Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Analog PortfolioAnalog Portfolio
Hi-end –DSP, 32-bitHi-end –DSP, 32-bit
Ultra Low End – Low End 8BitUltra Low End – Low End 8Bit
Low-end to 8-bit, Low-end 32-bit3-phase senHi-end sored (V/Hz, Slip)
Low-end to 8-bit, Low-end 32-bit3-phase senHi-end sored (V/Hz, Slip)
Mid Range – 3-phase sensorless(vector control) 16-bit DSP
Mid Range – 3-phase sensorless(vector control) 16-bit DSP
Motor Control Roadmap
S08MP16
56F801x
S08QD4
56F800x
56F802x / 3x
S08AC
51AC
S08SH
MPC5604P
56F82xx
M C
U /
M P
U
S08SF
32bit
16bit
8bit
MC33991Dual Gauge
Driver
MM908E626Stepper Motor
Driver w/ LIN
MPC17C7240.4 Amp Dual
H-Bridge Motor
MC33879Octal Serial Switch
with Open Load Detect Current
Disable
MC3399916-Output Switch
with SPI and PWM Control
MC33937 Three Phase FieldEffect Transistor
Pre-driver
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10Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
http://www.freescale.com/S08MP16
MC9S08MP16Enabling Safe, Accurate and Inexpensive BLDC Motor Control
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11Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 11
Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Market Landscape
The S08MP16 8-bit MCU delivers safe, accurate, and inexpensive brushless DC (BLDC) motor control for a wide range of industrial and automotive applications.
11
BLDC Market
►Growing in popularity due to advantages over traditional brushed DC & induction motors, which include:
►Higher speed ranges►High efficiency & dynamic
response►Increased reliability / longer
lifespan►Quieter operation and higher
ratio of torque to motor size
Industrial Motor Control Trends
►Reduced power consumption
►Reduced system & development cost
►Reuse of software, hardware and tools across motor platforms
►System safety & reliability
Automotive Motor Control Trends
►BLDC segment is the fastest growing automotive motor control segment –expected growth from 127m # in 2008 to 292m # in 2016
►Applications include Fuel/Water pumps, HVAC Fan Control, Window lift.
►Increasing adoption of electric & hybrid vehicles will continue to drive BLDC demand
TM
12Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 12
MC9S08MP16: Key Messages
12
The S08MP16 8-bit MCU delivers safe, accurate, and inexpensive Brushless DC motor control for a wide range of Industrial and Automotive applications.
Safe Motor ControlSafe Motor Control Rich Analog Integration Rich Analog Integration Broad Development SupportBroad Development Support
Safe motor operation and increased system integrity
for safety-critical applications.
Rich on-chip peripheral integration minimizes BOM costs and delivers precise
system control.
Extensive off-the-shelf development resources
and complementary analogproduct solutions.
MC9S08MP16 – Safe, Accurate and Inexpensive BLDC Motor Control
►Over-current protection: Analog Comparators in conjunction with PWM FlexTimer fault inputs, provide fast and accurate over-current shutdown protection by driving PWMs to a safe state.
►Reduced system cost: integrated Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) and Analog Comparators minimiseexternal component count. Low cost small footprint SOIC & LQFP packages with automotive-qualified high temperature option.
►Dedicated application support: Reference Designs, Application Notes, and Software Libraries covering all motor control topologies. Regional Motor Control Centers of Excellence provide application support from concept to delivery.
►Enhanced system integrity for safety-critical applications implementing IEC60730: Independently Clocked COP & Cyclic Redundancy Check Engine provide clock failure protection & memory content validation.
►Precise motor control: FlexTimerprovides dead-time insertion in hardware – more accurate than software insertion and reduces CPU bandwidth usage. PGA allows high resolution ADC readings over a wide range of motor loads and speeds.
►Reduced time-to-market: Free CodeWarrior™ IDE up to 32KB with Processor Expert and FreemasterReal-Time Control and Monitoring Tool. One-stop-shop motor control system solutions including MC33937 3-ph FET Pre-Driver, and MC33880/87 & MC33926/32 H-bridges.
TM
13Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 13
Core / Temp / Package►Industrial Version:
• 50MHz (25MHz bus), -40to105C, 28SOIC, 32LQFP, 48LQFP►Automotive Version:
• 40MHz (20MHz bus), -40to125C, 48LQFP►2.7V to 5.5V operating range
Memory►16KB Flash / 1KB RAM►12KB Flash / 512B RAM
Features►2x FlexTimers (6ch + 2ch) – automatic fault protection, supports up to 50MHz CLK, selectable input capture, output compare, edge- or center-aligned PWM; dead time insertion►3 Analog Comparators – h/w sample trigger from PWM module allowing comparison at any point in cycle►2x Programmable Delay Blocks (PDB)►12-ch 12-bit ADC – 3.5 uS conversion, h/w trigger from PWM module allowing conversion at any point in cycle►Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) ►8-bit Modulo Timer Module (MTIM)►LIN SCI, SPI, IIC►3x 5-bit DAC used as a 32 tap voltage reference►RTC with periodical timer interval interrupt►Software Programmable Internal Clock Source►3x low power modes & peripheral CLK gating►Power Management Controller (PMC)►3x 8-bit KBI►POR / LVI – supports 4 interrupt priority levels►Background Debug Mode Interface/ICE
System Protection►Cyclic Redundancy Check Generator (CRC)►Watchdog Timer with Independent Clock Source
MC9S08MP16/12
SPI
SCI
IIC
8-bit MTIM
3x 5-bit DAC
RTC
13ch, 12-bit ADC &
Temp Sensor
6ch+2chFlexTimer with PWM functions
ProgrammableGain Amplifier
3x High Speed Analog
Comparators
Programmable Delay Blocks
(x2)
S08 50MHz CPU
16KB Flash
1KB RAM
CRC Generator
ICS
BDM/ICE
COP
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14Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MC9S08MP16: Target Applications
14
Industrial ► Industrial drives/fans/pumps► HVAC systems► Actuator systems► Medical equipment (infusion pumps, respirators,
analyzers)► Office equipment► Small appliance/personal care (food processors,
shavers) players
Automotive► Sensor and sensorless brushless DC motor
control► Electric fuel pump & water pumps► Window lift► Fan control
► High-brightness LEDs
TM
15Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MC9S08MP16: Development SupportDEMO9S08MP16
► On-board Logic Analyzer► On-board Virtual Serial Port► P&E’s Embedded Multilink circuitry populated on the underside► Includes Quick Start DVD
15
Quick Start DVD► DEMO9S08MP16 Quick Start Guide► CodeWarrior 6.3 for MCUs► Product Documentations (Data Sheet, Ref Manual)► Training Resources
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16Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
3-Phase Universal High Voltage Power Stage
16
►Power: 1,000 Voltamps
►Input voltage:• 140 to 325 VDC
• 90 to 240 VAC
►IGBT Bridge
►Optically isolated SCI/USB connector
►Tacho connector
►Encoder/Hall sensor connector
►Brake resistor switch
►
TM
17Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
FreeMASTER Control Page
17
Optically-isolated SCI/USB communication (speed 9600baud) with S08MP16
Supported actions:► Setting the required speed of the motor► Switch running motor on/off► Switch between V/Hz and CSC algorithms
Displayed values:► Actual and required speed► DC-bus current and voltage► Application fault status
FreeMASTER Recorder acquire data with 62.5us time base (16kHz PWM frequency)
TM
18Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MC9S08MP16: Enablement
18
► DEMO9S08MP16 (generic demo board)► Demos
• Sensorless BLDC Motor Control using ADC approximation
► Reference Designs• Sensorless BLDC Motor control using Comparators • 3-Ph ACIM V/Hz Drive with PFC • Industrial HID Lamp with PFC
► Software Libraries• S08 Math and Embedded
► Application Notes• S08MP16 comparators for BLDC sensorless motor control • Using MP16 peripheral modules (FTM, Delay block, ADC) • high speed BLDC sensorless control using ADC approximation • BLDC Motor Control using Hall Sensors• Using FlexTimer in DC/BLDC Motor Control Application
TM
19Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Sensorless BLDC Motor Control Using MC9S08MP16
► Six step commutation► Sensorless Back-EMF Zero crossing
detection technique► Back-EMF Zero Crossing detection
using internal comparators► Running on MC9S08MP16► Both Direction of Rotation► Speed Closed Loop Control► Torque Closed Loop Control► Target Applications:
• Fans• Compressors• Pumps• Appliance
19
TM
20Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 20
Freescale Digital Signal Controller- 56800E family
TM
21Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
What is a Digital Signal Controller?
TraditionalMicrocontroller
►Design for Controller Code►Compact Code Size►Easy to Program►Inefficient Signal Processing
Traditional DSPEngine
►Designed for DSP Processing ►Designed for Matrix Operations►Complex Programming►Less Suitable for Control
► Instructions Optimized for Controller Code, DSP, Matrix Operations ► Compact Assembly and “C” Compiled Code Size► Easy to Program► Additional MIPS Headroom and extended addressing space
TM
22Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
When is a Digital Signal Controller a good fit?
► When the application is dominated by high speed capture and analysis of analog input and feedback (e.g. PWM adjustment) to a closed loop system • DSC is similar to an MCU but with the performance to run complex algorithms for more responsive
control and often, system cost reduction.• DSC provides flexibility to be used in multiple systems or to adapt within a system to environmental
changes (compared to fixed analog-based control)
► Key Features• 32-60MIPS MCU/DSP performance for advanced Algorithms• High speed/performance 600ns/12 bit ADC for fast dynamic response• High speed sophisticated (60 MHz- 96Mhz) PWMs and timer modules to effectively increase PWM
resolution • Quadrature decoders for direct interface to Hall Effect sensors or Optical encoders • Safety features (fault inputs, loss of clock…) to prevent catastrophic failures
► Key Applications• Motor Control• Digital Power Conversion• Advanced Lighting Control
TM
23Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Temperature Range (V)
56F8000 Series Feature Summary56F8011 56F8013 56F8014 56F8023 56F8025 56F8036 56F8027/37
Performance 32MHz/MIPs 32MHz/MIPs 32MHz/MIPs 32MHz/MIPs 32MHz/MIPs 32MHz/MIPs 32MHz/MIPs-40C~105C -40C~125C -40C~125C -40C~125C -40C~125C -40C~125C -40C~125C
Voltage Range 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V
Program/Data Flash 12KB 16KB 16KB 32KB 32KB 64KB 32KB / 64KBProgram/Data RAM 2KB 4KB 4KB 4KB 4KB 8KB 4KB /8KB
OnChip Relaxation Osc Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPLL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCOP (Watchdog) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPWM (96Mhz Clock) 1 x 6ch 1 x 6ch 1 x 5ch 1 x 6ch 1 x 6ch 1 x 6ch 1 x 6chPWM Fault Inputs 4 4 3 4 4 4 412-bit ADCs 2 x 3ch 2 x 3ch 2 x 4ch 2 x 3ch 2 x 4ch 2 x 5ch 2 x 8ch12-bit DACs 2 2 2 2 Analog Comparator 2 2 2 2
16-bit Timers 4 4 4 4 4 4 8Prog. Interval Timers 1 3 3 3GPIO (max) (+/-8mA) 26* 26* 26* 26* 35* 39* 53*IIC 1 1 1 1 - QIIC 1 - QIIC 1 - QIIC 1 - QIICSCI (UART) / LIN Slave 1 - SCI 1 - SCI 1 - SCI 1 - QSCI 1 - QSCI 1 - QSCI 2 - QSCISPI (Synchronous) 1 - SPI 1 - SPI 1 - SPI 1 - QSPI 1 - QSPI 1 - QSPI 2 - QSPICAN MSCAN MSCANJTAG/EOnCE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Package32LQFP 32LQFP 44LQFP 48LQFP 64LQFP
Voltage Regulator On-Chip On-Chip On-Chip On-Chip On-Chip
Program Security Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
On-Chip On-Chip
NoNo
NoNo
NoNo
No No No
Power Consumption IDD = 42mA; IDDA = 13.5mA IDD = 48mA; IDDA = 18.8mA IDD = 48mA; IDDA = 18.8mA
No No No No No
56F8002 56F8006
32MHz/MIPs 32MHz/MIPs-40C~105C -40C~105C1.8V - 3.6V 1.8V - 3.6V
12KB 16KB2KB 2KB
Yes YesYes YesYes Yes
1 x 6ch 1 x 6ch4 4
2 x 8ch 2 x 12ch0 03 3
3 31 (RTC) 1 (RTC)
23 401 1
1 - SCI 1 - SCI1 - SPI 1 - SPI
Yes Yes
32LQFP (.8p)28SOIC32LQFP32SDIP48LQFP
On-Chip On-Chip
Yes Yes
No No
32LQFP32LQFP
Prog Gain Amp 2 2 No No No No No No No
IDD = 45.6mA;IDDA = 4.5mA
* 5V tolerance I/O
TM
24Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Introducing the MC56F8006/2 DSC Family
Small cost. Low power. Big Performance
TM
25Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 25
Introducing the MC56F8006/2 DSC Family
►The explanation that makes this messaging point true. What makes this important? How are we accomplishing this point? What does this do for our customers?
The entry-level MC56F8006/2 Digital Signal Controller provides the most cost-optimized solution for mathematically-intensive, power-sensitive real-time control applications.
High-performance, DSP core and integrated control peripheralsHigh-performance, DSP core and integrated control peripherals
Market leading ultra-low-power DSCMarket leading ultra-low-power DSC
► The 56F8006/2 family has been architected from the transistor level up with ultra-low-power in mind -- standby currents are less than 1ua, and run currents less than 50mA are typical. A dual 12-bit SAR ADC is included that is optimized for very fast, low power data conversions. An ultra-low-power crystal oscillator module is also integrated lowering overall system power consumption.
Big performance, low cost Big performance, low cost
► Designed to achieve exceptional performance and price, our on-chip features reduce the need for external components and lower your overall BOM cost.
► The family includes an ideal mix of high-performance analog (PGA, ADC) and digital (PWM) peripherals which have been intelligently designed for real-time industrial applications such as energy-efficient motor control, digital power supplies, and solar inverters.
TM
26Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 26
MC56F8006/2 Target Markets and Applications
EnergyMotor ControlMotor Control
►3 phase BLDC motor control►Entry-level field -oriented control►PMSM control►Large & small home appliances
►Board mounted & industrial power supplies
►Switched-mode power supply & power management
►Arc fault protection►Advance lighting control
►Medical portable diagnostic and Therapeutic devices
►Handheld power tools►Instrumentation
Advanced Power ConversionAdvanced Power Conversion
Power-Sensitive ApplicationsPower-Sensitive Applications
TM
27Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2727
56800E Core/32MIPS JTAG/EOnCE™
ProgrammableDelay Block (PDB)SPIVoltage Regulators
6 Output PWMIICInterrupt Controller
2 12-bit ADCsHigh Speed SCIFlash/RAM
1 16-bit PeriodicInterval TimerCOP2 2X-16X
Wideband PGAs
2 16-bit TimersPower SuperVisor3 AnalogComparators
Memory Options
16K BytesFlash
12K BytesFlash
2KBSRAM
2KBSRAM
System Integration Module(SIM)
System Clock Control(PLL, SIM, Osc)
Core►32 MHz/32MIPS 56F800E core►1.8V to 3.6V operating range
Memory
►Up to 16KB flash with Flash security, 2KB SRAM
Features►Low power stop modes►Up to 96 MHz peripherals – timers, PWM & SCI►6 output PWM module with up to 4
programmable fault inputs►Two wideband clocked programmable gain
amplifiers►10/12-bit conversion done in 3.03us @32MHz
SysClk (8-bit conversion done in 2.65us @32MHz SysClk )
►Up to three analog comparators►Custom timer for precise control of ADC/PGA
sample times relative to PWM reload cycles►2 multiple function programmable timers►One Periodic Interval Timer (PIT)►Computer Operating Properly timer►1 Serial Communications Interface (SCI)►1 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)►I2C communications interface►Up to 40 GPIOs – Versatile pin usage►JTAG/EOnCE debug port
About the MC56F8006/2 Family
TM
28Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 28
Power Saving Mode Comparison Chart
Power Mode Conditions IDDio IDDa
Run
• 32MHz Peripheral Clock • ROSC on• PLL engaged• All peripherals on & running• MAC algorithm from flash
45.6mA 4.55mA
Low Power Run• 200KHz Peripheral Clock • ROSC in STANDBY• Peripherals off and clocks disabled• Simple Loop from flash
573.06uA 82.11uA
Wait
• 32MHz Peripheral Clock • ROSC on• PLL engaged• All non-communication peripherals on & running
communication peripherals off but clocked• WAIT
19.94mA 4.54mA
Low PowerWait
• 200KHz Peripheral Clock • ROSC in STANDBY• Peripherals off and clocks disabled• WAIT
495.2uA 81.99uA
Stop• 32MHz Peripheral Clock • ROSC on• PLL engaged• Peripheral Clocks allowed to be disabled in STOP
6.38mA 2.89mA
Low PowerStop
• 200KHz Peripheral Clock • ROSC in STANDBY• Peripherals allowed to be disabled in STOP
36.72uA 82.03uA
Partial Power Down -PPD(with XOSC)
• 32,768 Hz on XTAL• PIT monitoring XOSC (but no wakeup) 140.14uA 0.5uA
Partial Power Down - PPD(with LPO)
• PIT monitoring LPO (but no wakeup) 3.39uA 2.45uA
Partial Power Down -PPD (IDDQ)
• No clock 3.57uA 2.66uAVDDIO=VDDA = 3.3V @25C
Preliminary version
Highest Functionality
Lowest Power
TM
29Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 29
► 96 MHz for key peripherals, such as timers, SCI and PWM – twice the module maximum operating frequency compared to competitive DSCs.
► 2 x high speed 12bit x 24 channel ADC module with integrated temperature sensor –more resolution and channels than the competition.
► Three analog comparators – more than any competitive offering.
► Programmable gain amplifier increases the ADC input dynamic range. Shielded inputs in ADC reduce noise in conversion.
29
Key Differentiators for the MC56F8006/2 DSC
► The MC56F8006/2 DSC family provides the most cost-optimized solution for mathematically-intensive, power-sensitive real-time control applications.
► Highest performance per dollar in the DSC market. • Dual Harvard Architecture + MAC and high operating frequency enable outstanding performance
in single-cycle Multiply-Accumulate for filters and real-time feedback calculation.
► Lowest power stop modes of any DSC in the market.
TM
30Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MC56F824x / 5x
TM
31Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MC56F824x/MC56F825x Feature► 60 MHz/60MIPS From 56800E Core► 2.7-3.6V Operation► 64K Bytes Program FLASH► 8K Bytes Program/Data RAM► Flash security► 8Mhz/100Khz Tunable Internal Relaxation Oscillator► Software Programmable Phase Locked Loop► Up to 60 MHz Peripherals – Timers and PWMs
• 8 Output PWM Module• 520ps PWM and PFM resolution
► 2-12-bit ADCs with total 16 Inputs, • 600ns conversion rate • built-in PGA with 1x, 2x, 4x, gains
► 1 12-bit Digital to Analog Converter► 3 5bit Digital to Analog Converters► 3 - Analog Comparators ► 8 16-bit Enhanced GPMultifunction Programmable QTimers► Cyclic Redundancy Check Generator (CRC)► Computer Operating Properly Timer► 2- High Speed Serial Communications Interface (SCI) ► 1-Queued Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI)► 1 MS-CAN Bus► 2 - I2C/SMbus Communications Interface► Up to 54 GPIOs► Inter Module cross-bar► JTAG/EOnCE™ Debug Port► Lead Free “Green” Packages► Industrial temperature:-40C to 105C with 60Mhz
►44LQFP, 48LQFP 64 LQFP
31
56800E Core60Mhz
POR
LVI
COP
8ch 12bit ADCA
1ch 12bit DAC
64KB Program Flash
8-ch High Res PWM
2 x High Speed QSCIs
1 x QSPI
2x IIC/SMbus
JTAG/EOnCE
8kB Data RAM
1 x MSCAN
Voltage Regulator
PLL
Crystal Oscillator
System Integration Module (SIM)
Interrupt Controller
3 Analog Comparators
Prog Gain Amp Ax1,2,4
8Ch 16bit Timer
Relaxation OSC
8ch 12bit ADCB Prog Gain Amp Bx1,2,4
CRC
3 5bit DAC
Inter-module Cross Bar
Breakthrough Features:►High Speed PWM module – 520 ps duty cycle resolution►High speed ADC with Programmable Gain Amplifiers► Inter-module Cross bar
TM
32Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 32
Temperature Range (V)
56F824x/5x Series Feature Summary56F8245 56F8246 56F8247 56F8255 56F8256 56F8257
Performance 60MHz/MIPs 60MHz/MIPs 32MHz/MIPs 60MHz/MIPs 60MHz/MIPs 60MHz/MIPs
-40C~105C -40C~105C -40C~105C -40C~105C -40C~105C -40C~105CVoltage Range 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V 3.0V - 3.6V
Program/Data Flash 48KB 48KB 48KB 64KB 64KB 64KBProgram/Data RAM 6KB 6KB 8KB 8KB 8KB 8KB
OnChip Relaxation Osc Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPLL Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesCOP (Watchdog) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YeseFlexPWM Channels 1 x 6ch 1 x 6ch 1 x 9ch 1 x 6ch 1 x 6ch 1 x 9ch
PWM Fault Inputs 4 4 4 4 4 412-bit ADCs /w PGA 2 x 3ch 2 x 3ch 2 x 4ch 2 x 3ch 2 x 4ch 2 x 5ch12-bit DACs 1 1 1Analog Comparator /w 5bir DAC Ref 3 3 3
16-bit Timers 8 8 8 8 8 8Prog. Interval Timers No No NoGPIO (max) (+/-8mA) 35* 39* 54* 35* 39* 54*IIC /SMBus 2 2 2 2 2 2SCI (UART) / LIN Slave 2- QSCI 2 - QSCI 2 - QSCI 2 - QSCI 2 - QSCI 2 - QSCISPI (Synchronous) 1 - QSPI 1 - QSPI 1 - QSPI 1 - QSPI 1 - QSPI 1 - QSPICAN MSCANJTAG/EOnCE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesPackage 48LQFP 44LQFP 48LQFP 64LQFP
Voltage Regulator On-Chip On-Chip On-Chip On-Chip On-Chip
Program Security Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
On-Chip
13
13
13
No No No
No No No MSCAN MSCAN
64LQFP44LQFP
Crossbar Module Yes Yes Yes yes Yes Yes
* 5V tolerance I/O
HiRes PWM ChannelsFlexPWM Channels
6ch 6ch 6ch 6ch 6ch 6ch
3ch 3ch
TM
33Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Cost Effective 56F8000 Solutions56F8011/56F8013/56F8014
► 32 MIPS Performance ► 12K -16 K Bytes Program FLASH ► 4 K Bytes Program/Data RAM ► Tunable Internal Relaxation Oscillator► Software Programmable Phase Locked Loop► Up to 96 MHz Peripherals – Timers and PWMs► Up to 6-Output PWM Module with up to 4 Programmable
Fault Inputs► Selectable PWM frequency for each complementary
PWM signal pair► Two 12-bit ADCs with up to 8 Inputs , 1.125us
conversion rate► Synchronization between PWM and ADC► Four 16-bit General Purpose Programmable Timers► Computer Operating Properly Timer► Serial Ports: SCI, SPI, I2C► Up to 26 GPIOs – Versatile pin usage► Low Power Consumption – 59mA Max and .026mA
Min► JTAG/EOnCE™ Debug Port► Industrial & Automotive temp► Cost Effective
Package: 32LQFP
33
56800E Core32MHz
Power-On-Reset
Power Supervisor
COP
12K - 16KB Program Flash
6-ch PWM Output
System Integration Module (SIM) 1 x SCI
1 x SPI1x IIC
JTAG/EOnCE
4kB Program/Data RAM
Voltage Regulator
PLL
Interrupt Controller
Relaxation OSC3-4ch 12bit ADC3-4ch 12bit ADC
56F8011/56F8013/56F8014Up to 26 GPIOs
4Ch 16bit Timer
Synch
TM
34Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
56F8000 Family Expansion56F8023/56F8025/56F8036/56F8037 Features
►32 MHz/32 MIPS 56800E Core►3.0-3.6V Operation►32K-64K Bytes Program FLASH►4K-8K Bytes Program/Data RAM ►Flash security►Tunable Internal Relaxation Oscillator►Software Programmable Phase Locked Loop►Up to 96 MHz Peripherals – Timers and PWMs►6 Output PWM Module with 4 Programmable Fault Inputs►Selectable PWM frequency for each complementary PWM signal pair►Two 12-bit ADCs with up to 16 Inputs , 1.125us conversion rate►Up to Two 12-bit Digital to Analog Converters►Two Analog Comparators►Synchronization between PWM and ADC►4 or 8 16-bit General Purpose Programmable Timers►1 or 3 Programmable Interval Timers (PIT)►Computer Operating Properly Timer►2-Queued Serial Communications Interface ►2-Queued Serial Peripheral Interface►Optional MSCAN►I2C Communications Interface►Up to 53 GPIOs – Versatile pin usage►JTAG/EOnCE™ Debug Port►Lead Free “Green” Packages►Industrial & Automotive temp
Package 32 LQFP, 44LQFP, 48LQFP, 64LQFP
34
56800E Core32MHz
Power-On-Reset
Power Supervisor
COP
32KB - 64KB Program Flash
6-ch PWM Output
System Integration Module (SIM) 2 x QSCI
2 x QSPI1xIIC
JTAG/EOnCE
4kB-8KB Program/Data RAM
Voltage Regulator
PLL
Interrupt Controller
Relaxation OSC
8ch 12bit ADC8ch 12bit ADC
56F8023/56F8025/56F8036/56F8037Up to 53 GPIOs
8Ch 16bit Timer
Synch
1x MSCAN
Crystal OSC
2 x Comparators2 x 12 bit DAC
3xPIT
TM
35Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 35
Power Architecture for Motor Control:MPC5604P
TM
36Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC5604P
CAN ‐ Controller Area Network (FlexCAN)DSPI ‐ Deserial Serial Peripheral InterfaceLINFlex ‐ Serial Communication Interface (LIN support)FMPLL‐ Frequency‐Modulated Phase‐Locked LoopSRAM ‐ Static Random‐Access Memory
36
VLE
MC
Per
iphe
rals
MC
Per
iphe
rals
Safe
tySa
fety
Power Architecture® Core►Up to 64 MHz e200 zen0h core, 32-bit Power Architecture Book E CPU with Harvard architecture► VLE instruction set encoding for code size footprint reduction
On-Chip Memory Options
I/O Peripherals► 1 x High speed FlexCAN with 32 Message Buffers (MB)► 1 x Safety port (can be used as additional FlexCAN – 32 MB)► 1 x FlexRay Controller - Dual Channel with 32 MB► 2 x LinFlex► 4 x DSPI (4 independent chip selects each)► 1 x FlexPWM (4 channels with 4 fault inputs)► 2 x eTimer (6 channels incl. quad decode)► 2 x ADC - 2 x 12 ch.(4 shared channels)
• 10-bit, conversion time 700 nsec ( 2x 6 ch., 4shared on 100-pin package)► 1 x CTU triggering unit: 32 input channels, 8 events, 24 ADC cmds.► 1 x Fault collection unit
System► 2 x PLL (one FM-PLL, one for FlexRay™) ► Crossbar switch architecture for concurrent access to peripherals► 16-ch. eDMA► 16 MHz internal RC OSC► Junction temperature sensor► JTAG (2 pin or 5 pin) / Nexus Class 2+► 3.3V single supply (5V mask option) with external ballast transistor► 100/144 LQPF
FlexPWM ‐ Flexible Pulse Width ModulationeTimer ‐ Enhanced TimerPIT ‐ Periodic Interrupt TimerSWT ‐ Software Watchdog TimerSTM ‐ System Timer Module
On
Chi
p M
emor
yO
n C
hip
Mem
ory
System ClockSystem Clock
Device MPC5602P MPC5603P MPC5604PProgram Flash with ECC 256K 384K 512KDataFlash® with ECC 64K 64K 64KSRAM with ECC 24K 32K 40KFlexRay No No YesInterrupt Controller 100ch 100ch 144ch
TM
37Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
MPC5604P Safety Highlights
37
VLE
Power Architecture® Core► Core self test planned
RC OSC► Provides seperate clock to system watchdog
RAM► Provides ECC support in HW► Offers higher safety than SW
signature at no speed constraint
Flash + Data Block► Provides ECC for both
program Flash and Data Flash
Fault Collection Unit► Monitors and manages fault events► Detects when errors have occurred and the source and sets a flag► Independent of software operation► Critical fault events trigger 2 external pins
Safety Port► Allows CRC signed
communication to slave MCU (if needed)
► Synthesized to run at high bit rates► May be used as second CAN
►FlexRay Option► 2-channel w/32 MSG buffers,
10 Mbps
TM
38Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 38
Electric Motor Control Peripherals
38
Timer Module:► DSC based► Six Ch IC/OC► Double buffered registers for
detecting two edges in a row► eDMA supported► Integrated quad decoder support► 2 x BUS frequency high resolution
MCU
CTU
eTimer(Pos Counter)
PWM Reload
Timer/ Pos. decoder compare
External Signal
External Trigger
Trig
ger G
ener
ator
eTimer
flexPWM
Sch
edul
er
ADC Cmd
ADC Trig & Ackw
RealPWM’s
PWM’s
PWM Triggers
Real PWM’sADC Inputs
AD
C 1
SHAR
ED
AD
C 2
2x ADC►Up to 24 independent and 4 shared
channels►10-bit►700 nsec conversion time►Limit checking & zero crossing detect
Cross Triggering Unit►Allows mcTIM, PWM, ATD
to be synchronized►Automatic ADC & eTimer acquisitions ►No CPU intervention during the control
cycle
FlexPWM►Based on DSC PWM►Optimized for 3ph motor control►One „extra“ pair of PWM integrated►Includes dead time insertion, fault
channels, center/edge alignment, Distortion correction, …
►Register protections►Double buffered registers►eDMA supported►2 x BUS frequency high resolution
PWM0 Ch0PWM0 Ch1
PWM1 Ch0PWM1 Ch1
PWM2 Ch0PWM2 Ch1
PWM3 Ch0PWM3 Ch1
Con
trol
M
M
DC/DC
8
2
6
11 4 11
10bit
S&HMUX
I/F10bit
S&HMUX
I/F
11
TM
39Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 39
Motor Control PWM Peripheral Module
39
Main Features► 4 Sub-modules, each with complementary PWM generation, Isense
IC/OC and fault input
► 16 bits of resolution for center, edge aligned, and asymmetricalPWMs
► PWM outputs can operate as complimentary pairs or independent channels
► Independent control of both edges of each PWM output
► Independently programmable PWM output polarity
► Separate dead time for rising and falling edges
► Each complementary pair can operate with its own PWM frequency and deadtime values
► All outputs can be programmed to change simultaneously via a "Force Out" event
► Double buffered PWM registers• Integral reload rates from 1 to 16• Half cycle reload capability
Safety Features► Write protection for critical registers
► Fault inputs can be assigned to control multiple PWM outputs
► Programmable filters for fault inputs
PWM0 Ch0
Con
trol
PWM0 Ch1
PWM1 Ch0
PWM1 Ch1
PWM2 Ch0
PWM2 Ch1
PWM3 Ch0
PWM3 Ch1
Faults
Internal triggers
Complementary Pairs PWM Modes
Independent ChannelPWM Modes
auX
auX
auX
auX
►Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM, PMAC) ►Brushless DC motor (BLDC)►Brush DC motor (BDC)►AC induction motor (ACIM) ►Switched reluctance motor (SRM) ►Variable reluctance motor (VRM) ►Stepper motors►DC/DC converters
CMP1CMP2Independent
Edge Control
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40Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 40
Motor Control Enablement
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41Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Build things faster using Processor Expert
A rapid application design tool with …► Graphical user interface that allows an application to be specified by the functionality needed► Automatic code generator that creates tested, optimized C code tuned to the application
needs and selected Freescale MCU► Built-in knowledgebase that immediately flags resource conflicts and incorrect settings
Creating…► Hardware abstraction layer (HAL) – hardware-dependent, low-level drivers with a known
application programming interface (API)
Benefits► Eases migration between Freescale devices► Designers don’t have to be intimately familiar with every page of a specification► Errors are caught early in design cycle; therefore designers get to market faster with higher
quality product
Motor control library with embedded beans► Embedded beans easily incorporate software components of Freescale’s motor control library► The Freescale motor control library includes
• Transcendental functions• PID controllers• Clark and park transform and inverse transforms• Algorithmic support for space vector modulation, and more..
► Embedded bean store is now available at http://www.freescale.com/BeanStore
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42Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
FreeMASTER Interface
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Application control and monitor
Real-time eTPUoperation monitor
Live graphs, variable watches, and graphical control page
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43Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Application Implementation
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System infrastructure
User application SW
FMaster*support
On-chip driversefficient reflecting the chip feature
MC
cIB
Mot
or C
ontr
ol
AC
LIP
Adv
ance
d co
ntro
l
GFLIBGeneral functions
GDFLIBDigital filtering
FSL Library Set
External appl.*support
Doc
umen
tatio
n
On-chip peripherals
On-chip driver
Libraries
External HW
Pins
Application SW
Application
External connections
*optional
MC
56F8
0XX
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44Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Sensorless PMSM Motor Control Using MC56F80xx
► MC56F80xx digital signal controller► 3-phase AC/BLDC High Voltage
Power Stage Board► 1-phase line input 110/230VAC @
50/60Hz► Appliance PM motor► Initial rotor position detection► Full torque at motor start-up► Field weakening► Application based on C-callable
library functions (GFLIB, GDFLIB, MCLIB, ACLIB)
► Current control loop execution time: 55us
► Speed control loop with Field weakening execution time : 17us
► Flash: ~ 6KB, RAM ~ 1.5KB► Reference design manual
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45Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Low Cost BLDC Motor Control Demo Board
► Brushless motor, Maxon EC-200187, 6W 9V
► Motor interface connector ► Input power connector ► Daughter card connector for
connecting the 56F8013 demonstration board
► LED power indicator ► Motor bus voltage sense logic ► Motor bus current sense logic ► Back EMF phase voltage sense logic ► Zero-crossing logic ► Hall-effect/zero-crossing selector ► 3-phase H-bridge power stage ► Power regulation logic ► (Optional) Five on-board real-time
user debugging LEDs
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Order Number: APMOTOR56F8000
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46Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
BLDC Control Using MC56F8013
► Three-phase brushless DC motor sensorless drive
► Designed to fit into fan, pump and compressor applications
► Using MC56F8013 32 MIPS hybrid controller
► Available for two power stages and two motors
► Input power supply voltage +12 Vdcfor power stages
► Control technique incorporates: • Sensorless, trapezodial control of 3-phase
brushless DC motor with back-EMF sensing • Using A / D converter zero-cross
sensing for sensorless control • Speed and current closed loop with
PI controller► Speed range: 200 – 2000 and 500 –
5000 RPM (depending on the motor used)
► Manual interface (run/stop switch, up/down pushbuttons)
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DSC 56F8013 56F8013
motor control board
UNI-3 motor control interface
DC motor3-phase
power stage
FreeMASTERconnection
DRM070
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47Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
BLDC control using 56F8013 ((Continued))3-phase Brushless DC motor sensorless drive Designed to fit into fan, pump and compressor applications Using MC56F8013 32MIPS hybrid controller Avaliable for two power stages and two motors Input power supply voltage +12Vdc for power stages Control technique incorporates:
Sensorless, trapezodial control of 3-phase Brushless DC motor with Back-EMF sensing
Using A / D converter Zero Cross sensing for sensorless control
Speed & current closed loop with PI controllerSpeed Range 200 – 2000 and 500 – 5000 RPM (according to the motor used) Manual interface (Run / Stop switch, Up / Down pushbuttons) FreeMASTER interface for monitoring, control and tuning Fault protection (DC-Bus over-current, DC-Bus under-voltage, DC-Bus over-voltage) Automatic calibration of phase Back-EMF measurements Easy to tune for different power stages and motors
Application UsageCompressors Fans Pumps Washing Machines Automotive Drives Industrial Drives Air conditioning units Appliances
DSC 56F8013 56F8013
Motor control Board
UNI-3 Motor Control Interface
BLDC Motor3 phase
Power Stage
FreeMasterConnection
DRM070
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48Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 48
High Speed Application►3-Phase BLDC Drive Using Variable DC Link Six-Step Inverter ►Application Note Number:DRM078►Speed can exceed 10Krpm
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49Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
High Speed Application: Demo Setup
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Power Supply
3-phase Motor Cable Hall Sensors
Motor Cable
BLDC Motor
MC56F8013 Controller Board
Serial Cable
3-phase Power Stage with DC/DC
Inverter Lite24V/5.4A
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50Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Additional Information
Freescale:• Motor Control Homepage – www.freescale.com/motorcontrol• 8-bit Microcontrollers – www.freescale.com/8bit• 16-bit DSC – www.freescale.com/dsc• 16-bit Microcontrollers – www.freescale.com/16bit• 32-bit ColdFire® Microcontrollers – www.freescale.com/coldfire• 32-bit Power Architecture® Processors – www.freescale.com/powerpc• Analog Products – www.freescale.com/analog• Connectivity – www.freescale.com/connectivity• Industrial Segment – www.freescale.com/industrial
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51Freescale, the Freescale logo, AltiVec, C-5, CodeTEST, CodeWarrior, ColdFire, C-Ware, mobileGT, PowerQUICC, StarCore, and Symphony are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. BeeKit, BeeStack, CoreNet, the Energy Efficient Solutions logo, Flexis, MXC, Platform in a Package, Processor Expert, QorIQ, QUICC Engine, SMARTMOS, TurboLinkand VortiQa are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2010 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
Summary
►Cutting Edge. Cost Effective. Complete.Freescale offers technology for every motor control application
►Energy efficient motor controlVector and sensorless control technology in motor control processors
8- and 16-bit16-bit DSCs for ACIM and PMSM solutions32-bit Power Architecture® MCUs for standard and premium drives
►Strong technical supportRich tools, training, reference designs, librariesDevices are ruggedized with long life and reliabilityIndustrial products ship 10+ years with high quality and expert support
►Cost-effective safety and security on-chipProtect against IP cloning, network data hacking and soft errors
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