INDEX
Aa posteriori, 11, 117, 271aprioricity, 11,230apriorism, 206, 207a priori, 6, 10, 11, 34, 35, 63, 74,
77, 115, 117, 120, 128, 133,203, 210, 211, 229-231, 233,234, 236, 237, 239, 242, 243,246, 247, 257, 268, 271, 272,275, 277, 278, 284
Abbagnano, Nicola, 177ability, 7, 12, 24, 34, 37, 54, 60,
62, 74, 98, 99, 132, 222, 264,267-269, 297; see can-possibility
absolute necessity, 94, 246absolute truth, 121abstract, 7, 15, 30, 32, 37, 39, 41,
43-46, 52, 60, 61, 67, 68, 71,73, 77, 86, 87, 126, 164, 171,173-175, 206, 253, 291;abstracted, 73, 251, 257;abstracting, 61, 72, 73, 251,255, 257; abstraction, 69, 73,103, 172, 179, 196, 210, 255;abstractedness, 89
absurdity, 121, 139act-based theory of meaning, 124,
125; acts and operations, 196Adams, R.M., 76, 78, 212Adler, Pierre, 121, 129Adler, Max, 134-136, 142, 146,
147
aesthetic, 2, 7, 79, 175, 247; seeesthetics
aggregate, 56AI, 289, 297, 305, 308; see
artificial intelligencealgebra, 100, 111, 154analysis, 29, 41, 49, 54, 57, 62,
69, 82, 87, 90, 100, 101, 108-110, 148, 153, 173, 190, 196,198, 200, 201, 203, 206, 207,273, 278, 279, 302; analytic, 2,3, 6-7, 14, 16, 19, 29, 40, 45,54, 57, 63, 82, 92, 94, 117,121, 145, 147, 202, 203, 205-209, 233-235, 238, 240, 241,249, 272, 274, 277; analytic-synthetic distinction, 3; ana-lyticity, 3, 57, 76, 205-211,233, 272, 273, 276, 282;analytic of principles, 63;analytic philosophy, 2, 3, 6, 8,19, 145, 202
Anderson, Alan Ross, 96, 97,109;Anderson-Scheme, 96
Anderson, Douglas, 177Anerkennen, 83antecedent, 33, 37, 43, 109, 1221,
169, 171, 188, 204, 217, 271,290, 296, 303
anthropology, 34, 163, 243, 246,248, 258; anthropologism, 85,116, 119, 120, 214; anthro-pological-psychological, 85;
313
314 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
anthropological logic, 85, 86,88
anthropomorphism, 171, 250anti-descriptivism, 54; anti-de-
scriptivist theory of reference,52, 64
anti-Leibnizian, 59, 67anti-objectivistic, 83, 85anti-realism, 229, 234, 243antinomy, antinomies, 63, 65, 68,
76antipsychologism, 2-9, 13, 15-18,
83, 114, 115, 117-119, 122,142, 143, 149, 195, 197-200,202, 203, 210; anti-psycholo-gist, 4, 16, 200, 203; anti-psy-chologistic, 1, 3, 4, 6, 15, 82,84, 113, 117-119, 124, 131,141, 145, 159, 196, 247, 249-252; anti-psychologists, 1-5, 9,16, 142
antisociologism, 131, 146antithesis, 16, 63, 65Apel, Karel-Otto, 177apodictic judgment, evidence, 90,
92, 120, 133apophantic logic, 124applied logic, 34, 48, 84, 89, 90,
100,101,108, 151, 297archetypal idealism, 254; see
Berkeley; ectypal idealismargument, 5, 9-15, 23, 27, 29, 35,
36, 63, 68, 121, 129, 131, 158,166, 167, 175, 176, 198-201,203, 209-211, 216, 229, 231,238-241, 243, 244, 246, 263-265, 267, 268, 272, 273, 275,276, 282, 283, 299-303
arguments, 2, 5, 7-8, 15, 26-27,31, 33, 37, 48, 55, 65-66, 99,103-104, 106, 108, 112-113,
115-117, 127, 138, 141, 171,173, 176, 178, 189, 207, 209,232-233, 238, 258, 266-267,273
Aristotle, 23, 24, 26, 28, 32, 44,45, 49, 76, 153; Aristotelian,28, 88, 107, 108
arithmetic, 18, 41, 90, 120, 129,195, 210, 230, 231; arithmeticrelations, 230; Arithmetik, 15,18, 109, 110, 114, 129, 148,149
Arnauld, Antoine, 22, 23, 25–28,30, 44, 47
Arndt, H.W., 31, 45, 49ars inveniendi, 27, 33, 45; ars
iudicandi, 27, 33artificial, 22, 25, 26, 34, 219, 260,
289, 297, 292, 302, 312, 313;artificial intelligence, 260, 289,312, 313; see AI
ascription, 278, 284Ashworth, Jennifer, 45, 47assertibilism, 60, 62, 63, 65–68,
77; assertibility theory, 52, 63,65; assertoric, 90–92, 234; as-sertoric discourse, 234
association, 24, 27, 41, 43, 70–72,142, 193, 219, 220, 251, 259;associationist, 27, 161
assumption, 2, 5, 12, 13, 65, 66,77, 97, 120, 139, 189, 192,263, 269, 275, 279, 282, 291,297
attention, 5, 18, 21–23, 33, 34, 45,70, 74, 102, 125, 159, 166,167, 173, 177, 211, 233, 264,290, 303
Ayer, A.J., 145, 234
INDEX 315
BBacon, Francis, 21, 28, 29, 44, 45,
47,110,149bad psychologism, 250–253, 256–
258Baier, Annette, 259Bain, Alexander, 75, 79, 157, 174Baker, G.P., 5, 6, 18, 204, 211Baldwin, James Mark, 160Barrett, R., 285Barth, H., 18, 47, 138, 147–149Barwise, Jon, 295, 305, 312Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb,
45Bayle, Pierre, 32Bazhanov, Valentine A., 108, 109Bealer, George, 216, 217, 221,
226, 227Beck, Lewis White, 78, 154, 246,
259, 260behavior, 13, 14, 94, 192, 205,
253, 263, 265, 266, 268, 269,271, 273–276, 278–283, 285;behavioral, 266, 268, 270,272–274, 276, 281, 283, 313;behavioral criteria, 272, 274,276, 281
behaviorism, 7, 11, 245, 263–269,273, 276, 278–281, 283, 286,287; behavioristic, 206, 263,272, 273
belief, 3, 15, 69, 70, 78, 126, 134,157, 158, 169, 174, 182, 190,215, 221–224, 229, 233, 237,238, 240, 241, 256, 289, 296,299, 301, 303; believing, 83,207, 209, 216, 222, 223, 226,278, 299
Belnap, Nuel, 109
Benacerraf, Paul, 217, 219, 220,226, 227; Benacerraf’s di-lemma, 217, 219, 220
Beneke, Friedrich Eduard, 37, 38,43, 47, 85–87, 109, 147, 160,161
Berg, Ian, 46, 47Berger, P.L., 141, 147Berkeley, George, 6, 18, 47, 129,
130, 174, 213, 253–255, 259,261; Berkeleyan, 76, 232
biology, 10, 12, 136, 185, 193,297; biological, 135, 136, 143,185, 276; biological and psy-chological mechanisms andprocesses, 185; biochemical,284
bivalence, bivalent logic, 197,201–203, 207, 209, 211
Bloor, David, 146, 147, 211Bochen,’ ski, Innocent Maria
(Josef), 110, 148Bohnert, Herbert G., 206, 211,
213Bolzano, Bernard, 7, 17, 18, 21,
26, 33, 36, 39–49, 83,108–110, 148, 149, 260
Boole, George, 17–19, 101, 103,107, 109, 148, 250–252, 256,257, 259–261; Boolean, 13
Boolos, George, 226, 227Born, Friedrich Gottlob, 35, 47,
148Bosanquet, Bernard, 48, 151Bowie, Andrew, 247, 259Bradie, Michael, 181, 184, 185,
193brain, 18, 177, 278, 284, 313Braine, M., 296, 304, 312Brent, Joseph, 155, 177
316 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
Brentano, Franz, 1, 3, 18, 122,128, 129, 249
Bringsjord, Selmer, 290, 291, 297,302, 308, 311–313
Brockhaus, R., 148Brouwer, L.E..J., 63, 78Brown, Thomas, 161Buchler, Justus, 177
CCaesar, Julius, 56, 57, 59, 76, 166calculus, 17, 100, 105, 107, 109,
148, 251Calker, Johann Friedrich, 33, 47,
148Campbell, Donald T., 48, 151,
184–186, 189, 193can-possibility, 98; capability, 99;
see abilityCarl, Wolfgang, 46, 47, 79, 110,
148, 149, 178Carnap, Rudolf, 18, 48, 145, 181,
182, 187, 203–213, 232–234,272, 273, 282; Carnapian, 35,197
Carr, David, 212, 247, 259Cartesian, 6, 182, 183, 188, 189,
192, 212, 245; Cartesiandream, 183, 188, 189, 192;Cartesian dualism, 247; Carte-sianism, 6; see Descartes
Cassirer, Ernst, 7, 129, 148, 196,260
categorical imperative, 248, 249,260
category, 63, 102, 103, 115, 278;categories, 3, 8, 10, 63, 64, 74,102, 104, 113, 114, 117, 135,160, 161, 176, 200, 230, 269,278; category of “quantity”,63; categorial framework, 74
Caton, Hiran, 256, 259cause, 9, 24, 40, 63, 78, 94–96,
135, 185, 207, 208, 230, 231,233; causal explanation, 279,281; causal influence, 120;causal order of nature, 95;causal relations, 93, 115, 243;causality, 32, 62, 72, 77, 82,93, 117; causation, 24, 120,255, 265, 279, 284
Cerebus, 171certainty, 17, 29, 65, 66, 91, 92,
123, 161, 175, 186–188, 196,208
chemistry, 10, 14Chisholm, Roderick M., 128, 129,
145Chomsky, Noam, 264–266, 273,
274, 276, 280, 281, 285, 286Chrysippus, 254Church, Alonzo, 10, 17, 18Churchland, Patricia Smith, 6, 17,
18Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 45, 254,
259; Ciceronian, 27class, 54, 55, 58, 61, 93, 99, 103,
106, 107, 137, 139, 199, 273,274; classes, 69, 104, 106, 107,227, 269; see sets
class struggle, 139classical logic, 16, 65, 66, 68, 77,
82, 101, 107, 108, 202; seelogic; traditional logic
Coffa, Alberto, 48, 203, 210, 212cognition, 32, 33, 40, 55, 59, 62,
66–68, 73, 77, 89, 94, 114,117, 120, 123, 126, 127, 129,175, 196, 198, 305; cognition-based semantics, 68; cognitive,6–8,10,11,51,52,55,59–65,
INDEX 317
69, 72, 75, 76, 121, 131, 141,164, 184, 185, 195, 198, 199,207, 212, 245, 255, 260, 277,289–291, 293, 294, 308, 309,312, 313; cognitive illusions,289, 293; cognitive science, 7,10, 121, 131, 212, 245, 308,309, 312, 313; cognitive se-mantics, 64; cognitive state,55, 75; cognitive structures,184; cognitivism, 52, 234
Cohen, H., 4, 19, 118, 132, 148,260
coinstantiation, 218, 219, 222Colapietro, Vincent, 155, 177colloquial language, 90communication, 281, 291, 296complex predicate, 58, 227Comte, Auguste, 135conceive, 22, 39, 53, 132, 172,
174, 176, 230, 303; conceiving,22, 53, 70, 310
concept, 1, 6, 11, 34, 36, 39, 48,49, 53–61, 64, 67, 68, 70–74,76, 77, 101–107, 109, 113,115, 116, 118, 121, 123, 125,138, 191, 214, 233, 243, 249,250, 252–255, 283; concepts,11, 31, 32, 36–38, 42, 44,53–57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65, 67,70–74, 76, 77, 86, 100–107,119, 123, 124, 132, 140, 144,161, 169, 191, 229, 245–247,249, 257, 265, 267, 268, 274,275, 278, 280, 284; conceptual,54, 56, 58, 62, 63, 90, 93, 127,182, 187, 193, 194, 200, 206,207, 213, 230, 235, 246, 264,265, 267, 269, 276; con-ceptualism, 7, 52–56, 58, 59;
conceptualist, 53–57, 67, 75;conceptualization, 267
Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de, 33,43,45
conditional normative psycholo-gism, 83, 85, 88
conditional, 16, 69, 71, 83, 85, 88,92, 93, 184, 290, 296, 303,309; conditional proof, 296
conscious, 15, 71, 120, 161, 168,200, 217; consciousness, 21,35, 42, 44, 87, 92, 114, 115,120, 123, 127, 169–171, 177,179, 200, 232, 248, 253, 261;consciousnesses, 123
consequent, 2, 37, 76, 109, 290consistency, 36, 55, 66, 69, 170,
173, 271, 282, 293; construc-tive dilemma, 295, 296, 301
constructive, constructivism, 7,211, 295, 296, 301, 305
content, 6–8, 33, 34, 37, 58, 81,83, 89–93, 96, 100–103, 116,118, 120, 137, 138, 141–143,195, 196, 198, 233, 234, 255,283, 308; content and exten-sion, 102; content-logical foun-dation, 102; content-logicalideas, 102
context, 34, 83, 93, 98, 106, 109,137, 144, 159, 163, 167, 168,170, 175, 210, 236–238, 250,254, 260, 269, 270, 278, 279,281, 284, 289, 312; contexts ofconcept acquisition, 11
continental philosophy, 249contingency, 70, 73–76, 200, 205contradiction, 35, 42, 62, 70, 76,
82, 88, 90, 120, 121, 249, 259,292, 303, 311; contradiction in
318 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
will, 62; contradictory, 35, 36,42, 54, 76, 77, 106, 120, 145,201–203; contradictory oppo-sites, 76, 77
convention, conventional, 222,264,271,272,282,286
Copp, David, 227Cranston, Maurice William, 45,
47criterion of truth, 240, 256critical idealism, 229, 247, 253;
critical philosophy, 34, 76, 77,79, 157, 232; critical undertak-ing, 160; critical-teleological, 2
Crusoe, Robinson, 146crypto-Platonist, 146culture, cultural, 25, 27, 30, 44,
47–49, 135, 141, 148, 151,153, 230, 234, 235, 237–239;cultural context, 238; culturalrelativism, 229, 235, 238–243
Curtius, E. Robert, 138, 140, 141,148
Cussins, Adrian, 114, 129
Dd’Alembert, Jean le Rond, 25Darwin, Charles, 184, 185, 192,
193;Darwinian biology, 185Davidson, Donald, 186, 193, 194,
211, 212, 231, 243, 274, 281,283, 285, 286
de cogitatione, 197, 210; de dicto,197; de facto, 160, 163; de jure,160, 163;de re, 197, 210, 222
de Staël, Madame, 36DeBoer, Thomas, 114, 129Decock, L., 193, 194, 285
deductive inference, 71, 78, 257;deductive logic, 70, 175, 208;deductive reasoning, 109, 148,303, 308, 312
deep causal explanation of mentalstates, 281
Delaney, C.F., 177deliberation, 72, 169DeMorgan’s Laws, 290Denken, 44, 47, 83, 84, 86, 110,
122, 151; Denknotwendigkeit,83
Dennett, Daniel C. 165, 171deontic logic, 13, 109; see modal
logicDerrida, Jacques, 210, 212Descartes, René, 28, 45, 47, 48,
160, 187, 256, 259, 262descriptivism, 54; descriptive
epistemologies, 185, 187; des-criptive psychology, 123, 128,129
determinism, 98, 144, 231; deter-mination, 76, 77, 98–100, 103,104, 107, 256; determinand,103, 104; determinator, 103,104
Dewey, John, 62, 78, 186, 193,209, 213, 366
diagram, 105, 293, 295, 299, 301,304, 305, 307, 310; diagram-matic, 308
dialectic, 7, 16, 63; dialectical op-position, 76
Diderot, Denis, 25, 26, 45, 47Dilthey, Wilhelm, 134; Diltheyan,
197Ding an sich, 115disposition, 76, 99, 160, 241, 269,
270, 276; dispositional, 7, 99,270; dispositional predicates, 99
INDEX 319
Doore, Gary, 249, 259Doppelgänger, 276Dorschel, Andreas, 247, 259doxastic assumption, 279Dreher, John H., 227, 229, 259Dreyfus, Hubert L., 201, 210, 212dualism, 121, 134, 137, 144, 146,
182, 241, 242, 245; see Des-cartes; philosophy of mind
Duhem, Pierre-Maurice-Marie,182, 235
Dummett, Michael, 5, 6, 18, 52,63, 65, 78, 114, 124, 125, 129,145, 197, 199, 201–203, 205,207, 209, 213
Dunkmann, K., 148Duran, Jane, 256, 259Durkheim, Emile, 134
EEarl of Clarendon, 30economism, 135ectypal idealism, 254; see Berke-
ley; archetypal idealismEddington, Arthur, 231Einstein, Albert, 231Eisler, Rudolf, 4, 18
eliminative psychologism, 43Elias, N., 148Ellis, Brian, 5Elsenhans, Theodore, 132, 148emotivism, 7empirical evidence, 127, 238, 242,
243, 268, 283; empirical psychol-ogy, 2, 6, 31, 34, 41, 72, 86, 87,100, 183, 229, 230, 234, 246,279, 289; empirical science, 11,34, 65, 70, 86, 101, 119, 182,187, 230, 232, 234, 239, 240,246, 264, 271, 272, 277; empiri-cism, 123, 177, 182, 183, 190,
191, 197, 198, 206–209, 213,233, 254, 263–265, 268, 277,279, 280, 285, 286; empiricist, 2,6, 86, 114, 121, 127, 160, 161,182, 206, 230, 233, 254, 255,265, 280
empty classes, 106, 107engineering, 12, 184, 190, 297Enlightenment, the, 22, 26, 237enthymeme, entheymematic reason-
ing, 48, 55entity, entities, 5, 14, 15, 21, 22, 27,
57, 59, 76, 99, 115–117,119–121, 124, 126, 132, 133,187, 215, 221, 223, 226, 241,253, 266, 269
environment, 158, 184, 185epistemology, 1, 5–8, 19, 29, 38,
39, 42, 45, 71, 75, 108, 117,118, 130, 136, 137, 139–143,145–147, 153, 181–194, 197,198, 203–205, 208, 213, 245,250, 256–258, 260, 261, 263,264, 269, 273–275, 278–280,285–287; epistemologists, 45,183, 187–189; epistemological,2, 8, 27, 41, 45, 70, 72, 73, 114,115–117, 118, 127, 128, 139,140, 142, 144, 181, 183, 188,190, 195, 209, 250, 257; epis-temological idealism, 114; epis-temological theory of experi-ence, 127; epistemology natu-ralized, 6, 19, 153, 187, 204,205, 213, 256, 257, 261, 286,287; epistemic, 8, 17, 55,64–66, 73, 77, 83, 85, 87, 88,90, 91, 107, 158, 186, 190, 193,196–198, 204, 207, 256, 257;epistemic pessimism, 65, 77;
320 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
epistemic task, 55; epistemic-pragmatic, 85
epoché, 128; see HusserlEppstein, Paul, 144, 148Erdmann, Benno, 43, 47, 85, 87,
88, 90, 91, 108, 109, 119, 122,129, 131, 132,139, 141, 148
Erfassen, 83Erlebnisse, 197Esposito, Joseph, 177Esser, Wilhelm, 32, 43esthetics, 158, 164, 173Etchemendy, John, 295, 305, 312ethics, ethical, 2, 62, 72, 88, 89,
141, 158, 160, 163, 164, 169,171, 173, 229, 233–236, 238,242, 243, 245, 246, 248–250,254, 257, 258; ethics of think-ing, 88, 89
Euclidean geometry, 230, 231evidence, 27, 62–64, 69, 73, 117,
120, 123, 124, 126, 127, 132,133, 135, 173, 182, 183, 190,199, 208, 217, 237, 238, 242,243, 255, 263, 265, 266,268–270, 273, 275–279, 283,284; evident, 15, 29, 70, 120,174,246,275, 278
evolution, 158, 183, 194; evolu-tionary epistemology, 184, 185,193; evolutionary theory, 182;see Darwin; Darwinian biology
excluded middle, 57, 58, 65, 66, 77,82, 197, 199, 202, 210
exclusive disjunction, 290, 291, 311experience, 10, 11, 17, 30, 31, 36,
59, 63, 66, 71, 72, 74, 75, 86,118, 123, 126–128, 132, 133,135, 142, 158, 163, 169, 171,174, 175, 179, 184, 195, 207,
230, 233, 235, 236, 239, 240,245–248, 250, 251, 254, 255,257, 266–268, 272, 273, 290,299; experiences, 15, 61, 66,71–74, 116, 120, 175, 184, 233,235, 250, 251, 254, 257; experi-ential, 158, 174, 255; experientialelement in logic, 158
experiment, 11, 13, 176, 177, 231,241, 242, 267; experimentalmethod, 10, 254; experimentalpsychology, 82, 134, 143, 158,160, 170
explanation, 2, 7, 10, 74, 94, 95,110, 143, 149, 192, 194, 197,233, 263–267, 269, 271–273,275, 277, 279, 281; explanatory,14, 132, 263–265, 267, 269–275,277, 278, 281, 283–285; explana-tory efficacy, 277, 283; explana-tory theory, 275; explanatory util-ity, 264, 272, 278
extensional, 13, 101, 106, 197, 199,201, 293; extensionalism, 195;extensionalized, 197 external mo-dalities, 93; external necessity, 93
external world, 181, 182, 187, 188,232, 254, 258, 261; externalizing,263
Ffaculties, 28, 36, 41, 67, 73, 77, 117,
124, 248, 254; faculty of reason,72; faculty psychology, 72
fallacy, fallacious, 12, 26, 190, 227,250, 251, 297
falsehood, 12, 46, 226, 232, 297Feigl, Herbert, 3, 18Ferrier, James, 45Fisch, Max H., 163, 173, 175, 178
INDEX 321
Fitch, Greg, 227, 297Fleck, Ludwik, 145, 146, 148Fodor, Jerry A. 6, 17, 18folk psychology, 158, 276, 281formal logic, 78, 81, 82, 85, 86, 89,
107, 108, 311; formalization, 101,251; formalized languages, 90,213
Foucault, Michel, 211–212foundation for arithmetic, 90foundation of logic, 70, 85, 86, 121foundational psychologism, 87–88Fraser, Alexander Campbell, 44, 45,
48, 151Frederick William (the Great), 31freedom, free will, 76, 98, 282Frege, Gottlob, 3–8, 15–18, 37, 41,
43, 46, 47, 81, 83–85, 87–93, 99,108–110, 113–117, 119, 121,122, 124–126, 129–132, 141,145, 148, 149, 195–201,203–212, 214, 215, 232, 249,251, 258
Friedman, Michael, 285Fries, Jakob, 43, 45, 47, 85, 86, 110,
113,149,161Frisby, D., 149Frischeisen-Köhler, M., 136, 149
full-blown cultural relativism, 238–242
Føllesdal, Dagfinn, 117, 129, 130,276, 283, 285
GGadamer, Hans-Georg, 200, 212Gallie, W.B., 178gambler’s fallacy, 189Gavagai, 270; see Quine; indeter-
minacy of (radical) translationHHaack, Susan, 17, 19, 178, 178, 286
Geach, P.T., 18, 145, 234Gedanken, 7, 43, 49,122,153Geltung, 83generality, 17, 55, 91, 97, 108, 248,
293; general concepts, 54, 56,57; general empirical conception,60, 61; general logic, 34, 35, 58,101
genesis, genetic, 38, 81, 83, 86, 87,137, 143, 144, 183, 184, 250,269, 283; genetic-lively (ge-netisch-lebendig) logic, 86, 87
geometry, 13, 41, 230, 231; geomet-rical laws, 125
George, Alexander, 266, 285George, Rolf, 18, 46–48, 83Gesetzlichkeit, 118Gibson, Roger, 182, 193, 285God, 23–25, 52, 59, 64, 66, 77, 93,
179, 189, 233, 247, 253, 254,256, 259; godhead, 254; gods,247, 259
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 26Goldfarb, Warren, 277, 278, 282–
285Goldman, Alvin I., 204, 212good psychologism, 250, 252, 253,
255–258Goodman, Nelson, 145Gosselin, Mia, 280, 285Goudge, Thomas, 178Gödel, Kurt, 10, 17, 19, 308, 312grammar, 124, 162, 163, 277, 280grasping, 57, 73, 83, 86, 87, 89, 102,
125, 126, 195; grasping of truth,83
Grünwald, Ernst, 139–141, 145, 149
322 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
Haaparanta, Leila, 108, 110, 129,130, 149
Hacker, P.M.S., 2, 5, 6, 18, 19, 204,211
haecceity, 57, 58, 64, 66Hager, Achim, 253, 259Hahn, Lewis Edward, 184, 191,
211–213Hamilton, William, 51–59, 69, 70,
73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 161, 164;Hamiltonian, 57, 69, 70
Hanna, R., 115, 116, 126, 129happiness, 248, 305Hare, R.M., 234Harman, Gilbert, 186, 193, 286Harrison, Jonathan, 249, 259Hartley, David, 161Hausman, Carl, 178Hegel, G.W.F., 26, 43, 48, 113, 122,
129, 153, 253, 255, 260, 261;Hegelian, 113, 114, 160
Heidegger, Martin, 144, 149, 249Heil, John, 253, 260Heim, K., 133, 149Heimsoeth, Hans, 28, 45, 48Heisenberg, Werner, 231Hempel, Carl G., 94, 108, 110, 149Hendel, Charles W., 44Herbart, Johann Friedrich, 36–38,
43, 48, 82–86, 89, 108, 110, 149;Herbartian, 87
heuristic, 15, 33, 137, 143, 159, 176Heymans, G., 132, 133, 149historical, 2, 4, 9, 33, 69, 127, 131,
136, 137, 140, 143, 147, 161,173, 200, 249; historicism, 146,154; historism, 135, 213
history of logic, 33, 44, 82Hobbes, Thomas, 23holism, 182
Hookway, Christopher, 178, 187,189–191, 193
Horkheimer, M., 138, 139, 144, 149Hubbert, Joachim, 247, 255, 260Hull, David, 186, 193humanism, 52, 60, 67, 69; human-
ize, 59, 66, 68, 75; humanized,51, 52, 62, 66, 68
Hume, David, 6, 24–27, 31–33, 44,45, 48, 76, 187, 189, 239, 240,254, 255, 258–262; Humean, 25,26, 189; Humean predicament,189
Husserl, Edmund, 3–7, 10, 16, 21,41, 43, 48, 82, 90, 101, 108,110–134, 139, 141, 143–145,149–151, 156, 161, 195–197,200, 201, 205, 207, 209–212,232, 249, 261; Husserlian, 130,144, 196, 199, 201, 204,207–210
HYPERPROOF, 305, 311, 312hypostatic, 172, 178hypotheses, 10, 11, 182–184, 190,
191, 208, 265, 267, 268, 281;hypothetical judgment, 94, 97,100, 109; hypothetico-deductivemethod, 181, 182, 191; hypo-thetical necessity, 95
Iidealism, 5, 14, 15, 64, 113, 114,
150, 210, 229, 230, 232, 234,247, 254, 255; ideal meanings,118, 119, 123, 124, 128
ideas of reason, 60, 62identity, 42, 57, 58, 88, 100,
105–107, 163, 209, 216, 226,227, 246, 252; identification,116, 158, 161, 164, 226, 250,
INDEX 323
268; identity calculus, 100; iden-tity conditions, 216, 226, 227;identity of indiscernibles, 57,209; see sameness
ideology, ideological, 1, 22, 44, 81,108, 136–139, 141, 154, 247
ignorance, 98, 99illative, 166, 172, 177illusion, 25, 77, 220, 290–294, 296,
298–303, 305, 307, 311;illusions, 35, 189, 289–293,296–299, 302, 313
imagination, 41, 53, 60–63, 70, 72,77, 79, 83, 84, 87, 167, 254;imaginative, 61, 62, 72, 237
imperative, 12, 131, 160, 175, 248,249, 260
implication, 15, 96, 279, 295, 296,299; implications, 5, 6, 15, 159,163, 165, 171, 181, 233, 249,255, 313
inclination, 24, 84, 248, 250, 284incoherence, 119, 121, 292, 311indeterminacy of (radical) transla-
tion, 204, 264–266, 272, 273,275, 276, 280–282, 285; inde-termination, 98
individual concept, 56–59, 76; indi-vidual substance, 56, 59
induction, inductive, 17, 28, 36, 69,70, 78, 120, 127, 165, 184, 187,190, 208, 209, 267; inductivegeneralization, 70, 127; inductiveinference, 69; inductive logic,208, 209; inductive reasoning, 78
inference, 51, 53–55, 59, 71, 75, 78,118, 159, 160, 162, 164,167–169, 172, 176, 177, 203,248, 251, 252, 254, 257, 290,292, 294, 296, 298, 301; infer-
ences, 12, 27, 36, 38, 132, 165,168, 203, 232, 291, 297, 304; in-ferential, 22, 34, 35, 43, 71, 159,163, 167, 293, 298, 300, 301; in-ference rules, 294, 296, 297
infima, infimum species, 56, 60infinite, infinity, 59, 63, 68, 76, 77,
253, 255; infinite totality, 68; in-finitely complex individual con-cept, 78
information, 11, 45, 54, 57, 58, 61,67, 77, 174, 182, 183, 190, 192,276, 280, 283, 289, 305, 311; in-formation sciences, 11
innate, 184, 185, 190, 265, 268, 269,274, 276, 280, 281; innateness,268, 269, 281, 285
instrumental normativity, 189intellect, 55, 67, 68, 73, 77, 84, 165,
170; intellectual, 2, 7, 49, 66–68,73, 76, 77, 141, 155, 165, 174,212, 251, 257, 265; intellectualintuition, 78; intelligible world,66, 67, 78, 278
intensional, intensionality, 13, 57,58, 62, 216; intensional logics,13; intensional theory, 58; inten-sional truth theory, 62
intention, intentionality, 75, 89, 117,122, 135, 142, 158, 169, 172,197, 209, 212, 220–222, 225,249, 258, 260; intentional, 125,142, 215, 220–222, 224, 225,253, 265, 269, 270, 274, 277,283, 281; intentionalism, 7
interchangeability salva veritate,276
internal and external modalities, 93;internal necessity, 93; internalrealism, 75, 208
intersubjectivity, 141, 279
324 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
introspection, 70, 164, 228, 254,265, 279, 280; introspective, 72,73, 227, 228, 266
intuition, 7, 16, 55, 59, 63–68, 74,76–78, 106, 118, 128–130, 195,200, 208, 215, 228, 245, 269,279, 280; intuitionism, 7, 65,195; intuitionistic, 63, 65, 78,200; intuitionistic logic, 65, 78;intuitionistic mathematics, 63
invalid, invalidity, 12, 65, 70, 74,160, 290, 295–298, 300
JJacobi, Maria Charlotta, 45, 46Jacquette, Dale, 1, 227, 245, 252–
254, 258, 260, 289, 297, 308, 312Jakob, Ludwig Heinrich, 35, 46, 48James, William, 174, 175, 187Jansohn, Heinz, 255, 260Jäsche, Gottlob Benjamin 32, 33,
46, 78, 130Jerius, Holger, 260Jerusalem, Wilhelm, 5, 132, 134,
142, 143, 146, 150Johnson-Laird, P.N., 289–292, 294–
296, 301, 304, 311–313Jonas, H., 139, 151Jubien, Michael 215, 226, 227, 259judge, 22, 24, 44, 54, 92, 131, 160,
162; judgement, 133, 137, 141,143, 144, 226; judging, 22, 27,44, 53, 54, 67, 70, 83, 93, 118,120, 125, 127, 226; judgment,24, 36, 39, 44, 51, 53–58, 60,62–64, 69, 71, 74–79, 82, 83, 88,90–94, 96, 98, 99, 101, 105, 109,117, 118, 120, 123, 158, 165,171, 175, 176, 242, 269, 299;judgments, 10, 27, 36, 40, 44,
54–58, 60, 62, 64–67, 71, 76, 83,85, 87, 89–95, 100, 103, 109,111, 117, 163, 243, 257
justification, 3, 7, 10, 11, 15, 63,70–73, 108, 118, 142, 160, 185,187, 190, 191, 272, 279, 280,299; justify, 63, 66, 70, 164, 165,185, 237, 247, 272, 278, 279, 284
KKant, Immanuel, 3, 4, 29–35, 38,
43, 46–49, 52, 53, 59–68, 71–79,85, 117, 122, 124, 127, 129, 130,136, 152, 159, 160, 162, 175,196, 212, 230–232, 234,245–250, 254, 255, 258–261;Kantian, 3, 33, 35, 36, 40, 69, 83,85, 91, 92, 108, 114, 115, 117,118, 162, 205, 230–232, 234,236, 239, 247, 262, 278, 284;Kantian idealism, 230, 234;Kantians, 33, 34, 36, 132, 134,141, 144, 229; see Neo-Kantians
Katz, J., 145Kauppi, 76, 78Kent, Beverley, 178Kettler, D., 151, 152Kiesewetter, J.G.C.C., 33–35, 37,
42,46,48,151Kim, Jaegwon, 186, 194Kirkland, Frank, 113, 130Kitcher, P., 102, 117, 130, 145Kneale, Martha, 82, 110, 151Kneale, William, 82, 110, 151
knowledge, 1, 6, 8, 12, 18, 19, 23,26, 30, 31, 33, 38–41, 45, 48, 54,55, 59, 60, 63, 64, 67, 72, 74–77,79, 89, 91, 94, 100, 101, 114,117, 118, 123, 127, 131–149,151, 152, 154, 160–162, 169,
INDEX 325
174, 176, 178, 182–190,192–197, 206–208, 211, 213,221, 229, 230, 232–235, 238,245–249, 254, 256, 257, 260,261, 265, 266, 268, 281, 285,294, 297, 299
Koppelberg, Dirk, 188, 194, 279, 285Kornblith, Hilary, 153, 186, 194,
256, 261Kripke, Saul A., 216, 281, 282, 285Kuhn, Thomas S., 145–147, 151,
200, 212Kusch, Martin, 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 17, 19,
108, 110, 128, 130, 134, 141,145, 151, 211, 213, 249, 261
LLAI, 297–299, 308; see logicist
artificial intelligenceLakatos, Imre, 19, 146, 147, 151,
153, 154, 164, 178, 179language, 1, 3, 7–9, 13, 17, 52, 73,
82, 90, 93, 108, 125, 168, 176,177, 181, 187, 194, 197, 198,200, 202, 205, 208, 212, 215,224, 225, 233, 234, 238, 251,252, 263–268, 270–272, 274,276, 279–281, 283, 285–287,292, 295, 300, 312; languagelearning, 263, 266, 268, 276, 285;language of science, 90, 205
Lapp, A., 133,151law, 18, 35, 42, 43, 58, 62, 65, 72,
77, 94, 100, 105–109, 111, 118,120, 123, 177, 199, 210, 246,248, 249, 251, 311; law of con-tradiction, 35, 42, 43; law ofdouble negation, 105, 106; law ofidentity, 42; laws, 4, 10, 12, 17,18, 22, 27, 32–35, 37, 42, 55, 58,
67, 70–72, 74, 76, 82–91, 101,108, 110, 118, 120, 121,123–125, 128, 129, 132, 133,148, 161, 163, 164, 173, 176,195, 198–201, 204–211, 246,248, 251, 252, 257, 259, 290,291; laws of association, 27, 70;laws of identity, 43; laws oflogic, 34, 35, 55, 58, 74, 84, 101,120, 128, 133, 173, 199, 257,291; laws of thinking, 89, 246,248; laws of thought, 4, 18, 22,70, 110, 132, 148, 195, 199–201,204–211, 251, 252; law of theexcluded middle, 77; lawlike, 12
Leibniz, G.W., 21, 24, 45, 46, 48,52, 56–59, 62–64, 74–79, 103,151, 210, 213; Leibnizian, 52,57–59, 61–64, 66, 67, 76, 77,206, 210
Leonardi, Paolo, 193, 194, 285, 286Levinas, Emmanuel, 115, 117, 130Lewalter, E., 140, 151Lewis, David, 226, 227, 286Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien, 134linguistic, 2, 75, 76, 121, 122, 125,
141, 160, 200, 205–207, 216,224, 225, 263–265, 267,270–272, 277, 279, 280, 282,284, 286; linguistic behavior,263; linguistic critique, 121; lin-guistic theory, 265, 286; linguis-tic-pragmatic, 121
Lipps, Theodore, 5, 85, 88, 89, 108,110, 131, 132, 151
Livingston, Donald, 259, 261, 262Lobachevskian geometry, 13Locke, John, 6, 23–33, 43–45, 47,
48, 76, 151, 176; Lockean, 25Loemker, L.E., 79
326 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
logic, 1, 2, 4–19, 21–49, 51–53,55–60, 65–71, 74–76, 78, 79,81–93, 95, 96, 100–103,106–111, 113–125, 128–130,132, 133, 142, 145, 148, 149,151–154, 157–176, 178, 181,184, 196–210, 214, 223,232–234, 243, 245, 246,248–253, 256–259, 261, 262,271, 272, 289–293, 295, 297,301–304, 306, 308, 311–313;logic of inquiry, 158; logic ofmodalities, 82, 91; logic-assemeiotic, 151, 164; logic-based, 289, 297
logica docens, 22logica utens, 22logical, 2, 3, 5–8, 11, 13–16, 18, 19,
21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 34–38,40–43, 45, 49, 51–53, 57, 58, 65,66, 68, 70, 71, 75, 77, 81–94,100–105, 107, 108, 114–116,118, 120–130, 132, 133, 142,144, 157, 160–172, 174–176,192, 196–199, 204–210, 212,213, 216, 218, 219, 222, 231,243, 247–252, 267, 270, 274,282, 286, 290–292, 294–299,304, 305, 311; logical andmathematical cognitions, 114;logical anthropologism, 85; logi-cal character, 167; logical cogni-tion, 123, 126, 129; logical con-sequence, 37, 42, 49, 65, 208,311; logical entities, 14, 15, 133;logical form, 40, 90, 167, 168,172, 243, 252, 267; logical glue,218, 219, 222; logical grammar,124; logical illusion, 290, 291,
294, 296–300; logical laws, 10,83–90, 101, 108, 120, 121, 123,124, 133, 161, 251; logical ne-cessity, 70, 93–98, 123, 204,210; logical or mathematical ne-cessity, 210; logical principles,57, 58, 88, 144, 249, 250; logicalproposition, 115, 116, 126; logi-cal psychologism, 88, 89, 91,115–117, 121, 124, 126, 128,130; logical relation, 37, 43, 58,101, 166, 172, 208, 219; logicaltheory, 10, 15, 35, 52, 53, 75,115, 117, 127, 217, 220, 266;logical truth, 8, 11, 16, 65,125–127, 132, 142, 169,206–210, 212, 213; logicaltruths, 11, 125–127, 142, 169,209, 210; logical-consequence,37, 42, 49, 65, 208, 311; logico-mathematical, 256, 271
logician, 5, 24, 32, 33, 36, 39, 82,86, 88, 101, 107, 119, 173, 208,250–252, 290, 291, 304, 308
logicism, logicist, 90, 123, 289, 297,305; logicist AI (LAI), 297–299,308; see artificial intelligence
Lord Verulam, 45Lotze, Rudolf Hermann, 40, 48, 82,
83, 110, 111, 122, 151, 152Luckmann, T., 142, 148
MMacColl, Hugh, 107, 109, 111, 152machine, 120, 168, 297, 308, 312Mackie, J.L., 234Malebranche, Nicolas, 45Mannheim, Karl, 134, 136, 138–
148, 151, 152, 154many–valued logic, 13, 203
INDEX 327
Marcus, Ruth Barcan, 149, 226Marcuse, Herbert, 138, 15Margolis, Joseph, 115, 130, 195,
211–213Marty, Anton, 5Marx, Karl, 136, 138, 139, 153;
Marxism, 138Maslow, Alexander, 250–252, 261Master of Balliol, 23materialism, 138, 253, 254mathematics, 1, 1, 2, 6–9, 15, 24,
41, 60, 61, 63, 72, 74, 77, 81,109, 114, 115, 121, 129, 130,148, 159, 173–176, 178, 190,208–210, 214, 232–235, 271,272, 281; mathematical, 2, 7, 15,17, 38, 41, 45, 63, 65, 84, 107,109, 110, 114, 117, 137, 148,175, 197, 208, 210, 211, 213,216–218, 220, 233, 234, 251,252, 256, 259, 270–272 mathe-matical logic, 233, 251; mathe-matical models, 38; mathematicalmultiplicity, 252; mathematicalnecessity, 109, 210, 211, 213;mathematical truth, 114, 210,234, 270–272; mathematician,32, 39, 61, 73, 157, 172, 175,176, 308
maxim, 62, 100, 157, 171, 174, 191,248, 249
McDowell, John, 145,191,194, 285McGinn, Colin, 253, 261meaning, 3, 7–9, 18, 93, 104, 106,
115–118, 121, 123–126, 129,130, 133, 137, 140, 142, 162,185, 197–199, 201, 202,205–508, 212, 223, 225, 234,238–240, 243, 252, 253, 261,263–266, 269, 270, 273–277,
280–284, 286, 287; meanings, 7,8, 44, 116–119, 121, 123, 125,128, 166, 176, 182, 199, 208,221, 225, 238, 264–266, 272,274, 275, 277–279, 283; mean-ingless symbols, 252
medicine, 12, 297medieval trivium, 162Meier, George Friedrich, 31, 32, 49,
152Meja,V., 147–155memory, 19,32,41,313Menelaos, P., 21mental, 1, 7, 8, 15, 18, 37, 39, 40,
60, 69, 70, 75, 76, 84, 115, 116,119, 120, 123, 125, 127, 128,130, 132, 141, 168, 170, 177,182, 187, 190, 195–201, 205,207, 208, 232, 264–268, 270,274–281, 283–285, 289, 297,303, 304, 306, 308, 311–313;mental act, 40, 70, 125, 127, 130,177, 196; mental contents, 115,190; mental entity, 15, 116, 120;mental experience, 116, 120,132; mental life, 119, 123, 128,200, 207, 280; mental logic(ML), 303, 304, 308, 312; mentalmetalogic (MML), 289,304–306, 308, 309, 312, 315;mental models, 303; mentalprocesses, 18, 75, 196, 198; men-talism, 8, 204–206, 276; mental-istic, 206, 281, 282
Mephistopheles, 26Merkmale, 56, 57, 86Merleau–Ponty, Maurice, 10metaphilosophy, 213, 258, 286metaphor, 44, 159, 175, 177, 277
328 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
metaphysics, 1, 6, 7, 32, 45, 46, 76,78, 79, 115, 123, 135, 141, 160,161, 178, 198, 212, 227, 245,246, 250, 253–258, 260, 261,277; metaphysics of morals, 245,258, 260; metaphysical, 2, 25,45, 51, 67, 68, 74, 115, 149, 174,193, 198, 199, 216, 231, 250,271, 284; metaphysical truths,231; metaphysician, 254
metatheory, 308; metatheoretical, 10method, 2, 11, 17, 28, 29, 33, 38,
45, 86, 87, 128, 130, 144, 146,181–183, 188, 191, 194, 208,212, 229, 230, 247, 251, 252,254, 255, 267, 271; methods, 6,10, 18, 86, 89, 90, 93–96, 100,135, 158, 162, 182, 189, 191,192, 240, 257, 287; methods ofproof, 100; method of projection,252; methodeutic, 162, 163, 175;methodological, 15, 161, 175,183, 211, 268, 286; methodol-ogy, 39, 89, 102, 151, 178, 181,182, 229, 245, 247, 256, 268;methodology of science, 89, 256
Meusel, A., 138, 152Mill, James, 146Mill, John Stuart, 6, 24, 47, 51–55,
58–60, 62, 64, 66, 69–76, 78, 79,120, 161, 164, 165, 204, 210;Millian, 52, 53, 75
mind, 6, 7, 10, 11, 15–19, 21–30,33, 34, 36–41, 43, 44, 58, 61, 62,68, 71, 73, 76, 109, 114–116,120, 121, 123–126, 129, 130,133, 143, 149, 158, 161, 165,166, 169, 171, 172, 177–179,190, 194, 196, 202, 205, 213,215, 218, 221, 225–227, 230,
232, 237, 239, 240, 250–252,254–256, 260, 263–266, 278–280, 283–286, 294, 296, 297,299, 301, 303, 307, 312; minds,11, 15, 114, 127, 160, 171, 175,204, 215, 226, 229, 232, 234,250, 254, 278, 311, 312; mind-independent entities, 6, 21
Misak, C.J., 178ML, 303, 304; see mental logicMML, 289, 304, 305, 308, 309, 312;
see mental metalogicmodal logic, 13, 90, 206, 293; mo-
dal predicates, 92; modalities, 82,90, 94, 98–100
modern logic, 10, 81, 82, 96, 100,107; see logic
modus ponendo ponens, 12, 71, 299Moffett, Mark, 227Mohanty, J.N., 130, 196–201, 204,
205, 207, 210, 211, 213, 249, 261monad, 51; see LeibnizMontague, Richard, 216, 217, 225Montaigne, Michel, 25Moore, G.E., 232, 233, 312morality, 158, 232, 233, 237; moral
norms, 96; moral philosophy, 7,246–248, 250; moral purpose, 96
Morick, H., 285, 286Morscher, Edgar, 46, 49Mugnai, M., 76, 79Mulligan, Kevin, 17,19Murphey, Murray, 178Musgrave, Alan, 3, 19, 145, 151,
153, 154, 252, 261
NNails, Debra, 256, 261Natorp, Paul, 118, 124, 130, 132,
152, 260
INDEX 329
nature, 10, 17, 22, 24, 28, 29, 31,37, 56, 57, 64, 66, 72–74, 76, 85,88, 95, 113, 115, 117, 134, 136,158, 159, 164, 165, 170–172,175, 176, 184, 190, 194, 199,217, 219, 229, 231, 234, 238,246–248, 250, 252, 254,258–260, 270, 279, 281, 283;natural history, 84, 174; naturallogic, 22, 26, 29, 34; natural rea-son, 24, 27, 31; natural science,6, 8, 18, 65, 84, 138, 146, 163,182–184, 187, 188, 192, 238,250, 256, 257, 266, 272, 280;natural sciences, 18, 138, 146,256, 272; natural selection, 184,185, 190, 192; naturalise, 142;naturalism, 7, 113–115, 127,141, 181–183, 186, 187,191–193, 196, 197, 201, 204,205, 261, 266; naturalistic, 114,115, 117, 128, 181, 183, 186,187, 191–193, 196, 197, 201,204, 205, 261, 266; naturalisticepistemology, 117, 181, 187,193, 261; naturalistic framework,186; naturalistic philosophy, 114;naturalized epistemology, 181,185, 188, 190–194, 260, 263,269, 274, 275, 279, 280, 285;naturalizers, 204
Navickas, Joseph L., 253, 261necessity, 34, 35, 70, 71, 76, 78, 88,
91–100, 109, 123, 163, 175, 197,204–213, 234, 246, 255, 264,265; necessity-claims, 91
Neo-Kantian, 118; Neo-Kantians,132, 134, 141, 144
Neurath, Otto, 138, 139, 145, 153,188, 192
neurology, 281; neuropsychology,12
Newton, Isaac, 123Nicholas St. John Green, 174noema, noesis, 125,128, 201, 210Nola, Robert, 211nominalism, 56; nominalist, 53, 54,
57; nominalistic, 76, 164norms, 4, 96, 128, 158, 160, 162,
170, 178, 181, 184–186,189–192, 196; normative, 3, 12,70, 71, 74, 75, 84, 85, 87–89,101, 109, 119, 122, 132,158–160, 162–164, 169–171,173, 175, 181, 184, 186, 190,191, 196, 248; normative claimof logic, 84; normative function,85, 88; normative psychologism,84, 85, 87, 89, 101; normativetask, 87, 101; normativity, 184,186, 190–192; norms of discov-ery, 190
Notturno, Mark A., 19, 211, 213,214, 261
noumena, 55, 59, 76number, 15, 18, 38, 41, 44, 61, 132,
133, 205, 220, 226, 303; num-bers, 15, 36, 39, 46, 196, 210,217, 223, 227, 233, 290, 308
oO’Hear, Anthony, 191, 194object, 7, 19, 35–37, 42, 54–61, 64,
68, 69, 76, 77, 84, 87, 89–91,107, 116–118, 125, 126, 166,167, 170–172, 174, 175, 177,185, 202, 226, 227, 230, 233,243, 285; objects, 14, 15, 36, 42,46, 54, 55, 57–60, 62–68, 72–77,102–104, 107, 111, 114, 117,
330 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
125, 166, 167, 182, 187, 201,215, 216, 221, 226, 230, 232,233, 235, 246, 247, 249, 252,255, 258, 267, 276, 280, 304,305; objects of consciousness,232; object-directedness, 125,126; object-level, 226; object–oriented, 126; objective, 2, 6–9,14–16, 21, 39, 41, 42, 61, 63, 64,72–74, 81, 83, 84, 92, 93, 114,116, 118, 119, 127, 134, 135,146, 148, 152, 159, 160, 167,169, 176, 196–198, 208, 211,226, 274–276, 282, 283, 290; ob-jective judgment, 74; objectivist,82–85, 87, 88, 91, 209, 243; ob-jectivity, 11–13, 16, 83, 84, 114,117, 124, 127, 128, 137, 138,146, 154, 213, 245, 247, 254,255, 256, 261, 270; objectivityfor pure logic, 84; objectification,118, 267
observation, 11, 13, 70, 141, 174,175, 185, 191, 251, 273, 276,279, 281–283; observation sen-tence, 185, 273, 279
Oliveira, Manfredo Araújo, 255,261
ontology, 7, 46, 57, 64, 75, 144,193, 194, 220, 227, 253, 255,285; ontological, 2, 19, 22, 46,55–58, 117, 121, 140, 141, 194,195, 213, 217, 218, 220, 221,227, 255, 261, 286; ontologicalstatus, 22, 46
ordered pair, 217, 219; see class,classes; set, sets
ordinary language, 225, 265, 266,270, 271
OSCAR, 308; see Pollock
Ppain, 186, 236, 248Pap, Arthur, 3, 19Pappus, 29, 45paradox, 124, 125, 130, 259, 286;
paradoxes of existential import,107
Parsons, Charles, 213Parsons, Terence, 227Paton, H.J., 249, 261Peckhaus, Volker, 108, 111Peirce, Benjamin, 157Peirce, Charles Sanders, 63,
157–179Penrose, Roger, 308perception, 9, 15, 59–63, 77, 115,
127, 205, 230, 232, 254, 259,265, 269, 283; perceptualapparatus, 185; perceptualmanifold, 72, 74
Perloff, Michael, 109person, 4, 11, 34, 37, 114, 119, 120,
161, 171, 174, 188, 223, 255,257, 272, 284, 290
perspective, 2, 52, 59, 61, 66, 90,137, 139, 166, 169, 175, 192,241–243, 254, 261, 268, 274,298, 304; perspectives, 19, 142,179, 194, 211, 213, 214, 227,242, 261, 285
phenomena, 68, 76, 77; phenome-nal, 35, 57, 59, 68, 76, 230–232
phenomenology, 7, 10, 17,128–130, 143–145, 154, 173,175, 211–213, 245, 249; phe–nomenological, 11, 12, 48, 73,118, 128, 129, 142–144, 148,173, 196, 201, 212, 249, 261;
INDEX 331
phenomenological intuition, 128;phenomenologists, 141, 196, 204
Philalethes, 24Philipse, Herman, 17, 19, 258, 261philosophy of language, 1, 9, 181,
198,212philosophy of logic, 6, 8, 9, 13, 16,
19, 51–53, 66, 69, 82, 83, 196,252, 258
philosophy of mind, 17, 19, 196,221, 266
philosophy; philosophical analysis,279; philosophical norms, 190;philosophical semantics, 7, 9,253; philosophical truth, 229,236; philosophical truths, 229
physics, 8, 10, 12, 23, 88, 89, 163,183, 189, 210, 231, 235, 246,257, 258, 265, 266, 281, 297;physics of thinking, 88, 89;physical entities, 115; physicalobjects, 182, 187, 255, 267;physical sciences, 10, 38, 284;physical theory, 273, 280; physi-calism, 18, 182, 183, 191, 273,283
physiology, 26, 164, 183, 189, 273,277, 283; physiological, 26, 114,160, 165, 276, 279, 283; physio-logical psychology, 114
picture theory of meaning, 252Pinker, Steven, 280, 285Platner, Ernst, 49,153Plato, 21; platonic entities, 217, 220;
platonism, 6, 195, 200, 206pleasure, 45, 236, 248, 271Plessner, H., 153Polanyi, Michael, 167polemic, polemics, 4, 6, 25, 38, 41,
136, 249Pollock, John, 308
Pope, Alexader, 24Popkin, Richard H., 259, 261Popper, Karl, 145–148, 153, 193;
Popperian, 19posit, 263, 268, 269, 275; positing,
posits, 8, 189, 257, 264, 265,268–270, 275, 286
positivism, 207, 242possibility, 54, 74, 76, 78, 91–93,
97–100, 109, 114, 201, 203, 258,275, 293, 312; possibility fromignorance, 98, 100
post-modernism, 235Posy, Carl, 79Potter, Vincent J., 178, 179pragmatic, 85, 99, 108, 121, 157,
174, 179, 243, 255; pragmaticcritique, 121; pragmaticism, 174,177; pragmatism, 157, 171, 174,177, 178, 206; pragmatist, 2, 63,206; practical activity, 7; practi-cal anthropology, 258
pre-established harmony, 185, 242pre-linguistic properties, 77, 78precepts, 24, 30, 70, 71,74predicate, 39, 40, 55–5967, 76, 93,
94, 100, 238, 239, 305, 308, 312;predicate concept, 57, 59; predic-tion, 74, 184, 191
prejudice, 26, 31, 32, 34, 270prereflective act, 126prescriptive, 11, 12, 18, 19, 87, 185,
234, 248, 261; prescriptive func-tion, 19, 87, 261
Price, H.H., 259, 261Prichard, 233prima philosophia, 161Principal of St. Edmund’s Hall, 23principle of contradiction, 77, 88,
121; principle of identity, 209;
332 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
principled disjunction, 195, 196,198, 201; principles of syllogism,120
probability, 41, 208, 212, 251, 252,257; probability theory, 41, 251
property, 40, 55, 125, 218–220, 223,224, 226, 227, 265, 274, 282;properties, 27, 40, 46, 55–57, 64,73, 76, 93, 102, 175, 215–220,222–227, 252, 255, 256, 259,265, 275, 304; property-level,222
proposition, 15, 39–41, 44, 46, 58,65, 71, 76, 92, 109, 116, 118,121, 125–127, 133, 176,215–226, 252, 292, 301, 312;propositions, 7, 16, 21, 22, 32,37–42, 44, 46, 65, 75–77, 87, 91,93, 115, 118–120, 123, 125, 126,167, 168, 215–217, 219–227,234, 243, 253, 289, 292;prepositional constituency, 217;propositional representation, 221,224; propositionality, 218, 221,222
propositional and predicate calculi,308
psychologism, 1–11, 13–19, 21, 22,37, 38, 42–44, 46, 51, 53, 66, 69,81–91, 101, 107, 108, 110, 111,113–136, 140–143, 145,147–149, 151, 157–159, 161,163–167, 169–171, 173, 177,195–197, 199–211, 213–215,224, 227, 229, 230, 232, 234,235, 237, 239, 242–253,255–258, 261, 289–292, 296,297, 303, 305, 308, 309;psychologism-cum-relativism,
121; Psychologismus, 130, 149,160, 161; psychologistic, 1, 3-5,7, 16, 18, 22, 51–53, 66, 69, 73,82–84, 86–90, 107, 108,116–123, 131, 132, 143, 145,158, 159, 164, 196, 198,204–208, 211, 215, 229, 230,232, 234, 247, 249–252, 254,255, 258, 292; psychologisticlogic, 81, 84, 86, 89, 119, 168;psychologizers, 204
psychology, 1, 2, 4–18, 21–23, 29,31, 33–36, 38, 39, 41–44, 69–72,82, 83, 85–89, 101, 114–116,119–124, 129, 132–134, 139,141–143, 147, 157, 158, 160,161, 163, 164, 169–172,174–176, 182, 183, 187, 189,196, 204, 229, 230, 234, 245,246, 248, 250–253, 256–258,260, 263, 266, 268, 273, 276,279, 282, 289, 290, 296, 297,303, 308, 309, 311–313;psychological, 1–3, 6–11,14–16, 18, 21, 28, 29, 32, 34–38,41–43, 51, 70, 71, 82–91, 101,108, 113–115, 118–120,123–128, 133, 137, 142–144,151, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163,165, 167–172, 174, 176, 185,195, 197, 201, 203, 205,245–254, 256–258, 266, 267,282, 308; psychical, psychicalevent, 86, 169, 171; psycho-physical, 100; psychologicalapperception, 128; psychologicalentities, 15, 133; psychologicalfactors, 142, 163, 201, 205, 250;psychological investigation, 34;
INDEX 333
psychological processes, 142,163, 201, 205, 250; psycho-logical properties, 256; psycho-logical science, 1, 6, 8, 10;psychological states, 256, 267;psychological subjects, 14, 15,257
pure forms of intuition, 230, 247pure logic, 32–36, 69, 84, 86, 90,
108, 115, 119, 123, 124, 130pure reason, 32, 34, 59, 60, 63, 64,
66, 68, 72, 74, 78, 159, 175, 246,247, 255, 260
Putnam, Hilary, 75, 79, 200, 210,211, 213, 281, 285
190, 196, 209, 245–247, 249,254, 255, 258, 267, 282; rational-ity, 84, 162, 175, 193, 211, 240,243, 267, 272, 273, 286, 313; ra-tionalism, 146, 198; ratiocina-tion, 31, 168
reality, 34, 46, 54, 55, 58, 69, 76,87, 115, 137, 138, 141, 148, 175,190, 195, 198, 199, 206, 215,230–233, 254, 256, 261,263–265, 271, 275, 280, 286,308; realism, 56, 66, 75, 148,182, 193, 198, 199, 210, 211,213, 229, 230, 232–234, 236,243, 259, 262
reason, 11, 12, 14, 17, 22–28,30–36, 45, 57, 59, 60, 62–66, 69,72–76, 78, 79, 84, 87, 90, 92, 96,99, 103, 109, 131, 158, 159, 163,168, 175–177, 179, 199, 201,203, 205, 209, 211, 215, 216,219, 220, 224, 237, 239–242,246–248, 254–256, 259–261,274, 281, 283, 290, 291, 294,297, 301, 303, 304; reasoning, 4,6, 11–14, 16, 17, 22–24, 26, 31,34, 35, 53–55, 63, 65, 68–71, 75,76,78, 110, 148, 161–164, 168,175, 176, 204, 207, 234, 245,247, 248, 251, 252, 255, 257,258, 267, 289–291, 296–298,303, 304, 308, 309, 311–313
reciprocal containment, 8, 188, 257reconceptualization, 170, 184reductio ad absurdum, 296, 303reductionism, 43. 160, 165, 208reference, 26, 37, 41, 45, 47, 52, 55,
58, 60–69, 75, 93, 96, 97, 104,109, 130, 133, 148, 158, 168,169, 171, 172, 176, 187, 194,
Qquantifiers, 68, 223, 239; quanti-
ficational logic, 229quantum physics, 10Quine, W.V.O., 6–8, 17, 19, 145,
153, 181–194, 203–214, 216,225–227, 235, 237, 239, 243,256–258, 261–266, 268–270,272–274, 276–283, 285, 286;Quinean, 181, 192, 204, 235,264, 277–279, 283, 284; Quineannaturalism, 279
Rradical translation, 265, 267; see
QuineRadnitzky, Gerhard, 4, 19Ramus, Peter, 45Rappaport, Steven, 281, 286Raspa, Venanzio, 109, 111Rath, Mathias, 17, 19, 108, 111,
153, 249, 261rational, 23, 57, 84, 116, 126, 127,
160, 162, 169, 174–177, 181,
334 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
200, 201, 204, 208, 209, 227,234, 241, 249, 258, 271, 272;referential, 51, 52, 55, 58–60, 62,64, 65, 68, 25, 201, 221, 239;referential and cognitive seman-tic theories, 51, 52; referential-ism, 52, 65
Rehmke, J. 153Reid, Thomas, 26, 27, 45, 49, 53,
153, 262Reimarus, H.S., 46, 49, 153relation, 14, 27, 40, 46, 54, 55, 58,
67, 82, 88, 89, 98, 104, 107, 117,125, 127, 130, 177, 183, 186,188, 192, 208, 215, 216,218–223, 226, 227, 243, 277,279, 283, 293; relations, 7, 15,21, 27, 37, 39, 40, 43, 46, 67, 73,76, 79, 85, 87, 93, 94, 101–104,115, 147, 154, 159, 208, 210,215–219, 222, 223, 227, 230,243, 253, 263, 282; relations ofideas, 27; relata, 46, 223,227
relativism, 15, 19, 116, 117, 199–122, 125, 133, 137, 139, 144,147, 193, 201, 204, 211, 213,229, 235, 236, 238–243; relativ-ist conceptions of truth, 229;relative necessity, 94–96; rela-tivization, 235
remembering, 187, 278representation, 35, 41, 53, 58, 59,
77, 78, 220, 221, 224–226, 285,299–301, 305, 312; representa-tions, 35, 36, 38, 40, 44, 67, 71,72, 224, 225, 302; representa-tional, 217, 218, 220; representa-tionalism, 217, 218, 220; repre-sentative, 161, 245, 249, 280
Rescher, Nicholas, 109, 243, 255–258, 261
Rickert, H., 135, 151, 153Ricketts, Thomas, 272–274, 282,
286Riemannian geometry, 13Rinella,K.,308,312Rips, L., 261, 296, 303, 304, 312,
313Rorty, Richard, 186, 194Roth, Paul A., 263, 278–280, 283,
286rule, rules, 3, 22–25, 28, 31, 32, 34,
41, 70, 71, 75, 83, 86, 87, 120,124, 133, 164, 169, 175, 177,179, 182, 186, 190, 196, 198,200, 201, 203, 235, 241, 252,258, 268–274, 278, 279, 281,282, 285, 294–296, 288, 301,303–305, 311, 312; rules ofthought, 196; rule-governed, 252
Rusnock, Paul, 45, 46, 48Russell, Bertrand, 8, 145, 182, 187,
188, 208, 210, 213, 222, 226,227, 232, 233, 311, 313
Ryle, Gilbert, 232
Ssameness, 185, 270, 276, 282, 283;
see identitySatz an sich, 39; see sentences in
themselvesSaussure, Ferdinand de, 176, 179Savan, David, 158, 173, 179Savary, F., 290, 311, 312Scheler, Max, 134–136, 141–144,
146, 153Schelting, A. von, 139, 153schematic, 61, 62, 72; see Kant
INDEX 335
Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrichvon, 175
Schilpp, Paul Arthur, 18, 184, 193,212, 213
Schlick, Moritz, 5, 133,153Schofield, Malcolm, 254, 261scholastic distinction, period of
philosophy, 23–25, 27–29, 32,122
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 115Schröder, Ernst, 101–103, 111, 154Schuppe, W., 122, 130Schütz, A., 143, 153science, 1, 6–8, 10–12, 14, 17–19,
23, 25, 26, 32–35, 38, 39,41–45, 47, 65, 66, 69, 70, 77,81, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 93, 100,101, 108, 110, 118–121, 131,135, 136, 141, 142, 147–149,153, 154, 157, 159, 163–165,169, 170, 171, 174–176, 178,181–194, 205, 212, 230, 232,234, 235, 238–240, 245, 246,250–252, 254, 256, 257,261–266, 269, 271, 272, 274,277–280, 284, 286, 308, 309,312, 313; science of logic, 17,164, 170, 171, 251, 252, 262;science of thinking, 44; science-friendly, 240; sciences, 2, 2, 10,12, 14, 18, 23, 28, 34, 38, 41,47, 78, 86, 93, 100–102, 118,130, 136–138, 144, 146, 158,162, 164, 169, 174, 175, 178,203, 212, 246, 247, 251, 254,256, 260, 263, 272, 284, 287,297, 313; scientific approach,38; scientific discovery, 28,193; scientific epistemology,181, 183; scientific explanation,
110, 149, 263, 264, 270, 275;scientific knowledge, 101, 146,147, 183, 184; scientific lan-guage, 93; scientific method, 38,181, 183, 188, 254; scientificpicture, 278; scientific psychol-ogy, 6, 12, 13, 17, 43, 87; scien-tific rationality, 272; scientificstudy, 16, 283; scientific theory,9, 199; scientific worldview,284
Seebohm, Thomas, 114, 130, 204,211, 213
self, 35, 36, 62, 175, 177, 259; self-corrective, 169; self-evident,121, 246, 275
Sellars, Wilfred, 145, 159, 266,267, 281, 286, 287; Sellarsian,261, 266–268, 276, 278
semantic, semantics, 1–4, 6–9, 19,48, 49, 51–53, 55–60, 64–69,75, 197, 198, 202, 205–207,212, 214, 221, 225, 226, 253,258, 276, 286, 304, 305, 308,311, 312; semantic humanism,69; semantic relation, 55; se-mantic theory, 52, 55, 58, 67
semeiotic, 162–164, 170, 173, 175,176, 178, 179; semiotic, 159,176, 177, 179
sense-data, 6, 187, 232, 257; sen-sory data, 182, 183, 188, 192;sensible intuition, 67, 68, 78;sensible manifold, 247; sensibleworld, 67, 68; sensitive intui-tion, 68; sensory evidence, 182;sensory perception, 59; sensual-ism, 43
336 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
sentence token, 224, 225; sentencesin themselves, 21, 46; see Satzan sich
sequential inferences, 304set, sets 10, 12, 25, 35, 36, 38, 40,
56, 57, 61, 67, 89, 95, 97, 98,105, 123, 136, 162, 165, 175,186, 208, 216, 219, 226, 248,269, 274, 294–296, 298, 301,311
shibboleth, 1, 5, 312Shimony, Abner, 256, 261Short, T.L., 172, 179Sider, Ted, 226sign, signs, 61, 107, 157–160,
162–168, 170–173, 175–177,187, 250, 252, 270
Sigwart, Christoph, 82, 85, 86,89–96, 98–100, 107–109, 111,119, 120, 123, 124, 130–133,154; Sigwartian, 90, 94
Simon, Herbert, 308, 309; Simon’sdream, 308
simplicity, 19, 199, 240, 281Singer, K., 140, 154singular concept, 57, 77Skagestad, Peter, 177, 179skeptic, 181, 188, 189; skeptical,
202, 223, 254, 265, 280, 282;skepticism, 15, 76, 114, 188,189, 191, 195, 259, 277, 282;sceptic, 262; scepticism, 31
Skorupski, John, 211, 214Sluga, Hans, 114Smith, Barry, 124–126, 130, 213Smith, John E., 175, 176, 179Soames, Scott, 227Sober, Elliott, 145, 193sociology, 1, 19, 22, 43, 131–149,
151, 152, 211, 213, 249, 261;
sociology of knowledge, 131,134–140, 142–149, 152, 211,213; sociological, 2, 5, 136,140, 141–143, 145, 209; soci-ologism, 131, 134, 135, 140,141, 143–147; socio-philosoph-ical, 142
solipsism, 15, 232Sombart, W., 138, 154soundness, 83–85, 87, 88, 90, 106,
109, 304space, 21, 31, 39, 41, 63, 68,
73–75, 134, 157, 159, 170, 173,231, 247, 277, 300, 312; spaceand time, 39, 73, 74, 247; spa-tio-temporal, 64, 67; space ofsigns, 157, 159, 170, 173
specific relativism, 120, 121speculative metaphysics, 123Speier, H., 139, 154Spengler, O., 134, 154Spinoza, Benedictus (Baruch) de,
254, 255, 262Spranger, E., 140, 154Standard Social Science Model
(SSSM), 280Stanovich, K.E., 311,313state of affairs, 252, 292stechiology, 162, 163Stelzner, Werner, 108, 109, 111Stern, G., 139, 154Stevenson, 234, 237stimulus meaning, 7, 185, 281, 283Stoa, 254strong psychologism, 18, 108; see
weak psychologismsubextensiveness, 219, 222subject, 1, 8, 11, 12, 15, 22, 23,
25–27, 30, 32, 33, 35, 37, 39,40, 42, 44, 45, 55–57, 67, 69,
INDEX 337
70, 76, 77, 92–94, 99, 100, 103,117, 125, 168, 172, 175, 177,182, 188–190, 192, 222, 229,245, 246, 251, 255, 257–271,279, 281, 282, 311; subjects, 8,14, 15, 27, 31, 33, 42, 60, 87,88, 93, 94, 99, 144, 195, 222,257, 279, 291, 292, 296, 299,301, 311; subjective, 2, 8, 10,13, 15, 16, 34, 35, 42, 55, 60,61, 63, 69, 93, 114, 117, 118,127, 135, 152, 184, 195, 196,198, 205, 229, 240, 245–247,255, 257; subjective psycho-logy, 257; subjectivity, 9, 11,12, 14, 124, 127, 142, 247, 259,261, 281; subjectification, 267
sufficient reason, 57Swoyer, Chris, 249, 262syllogism, 23, 25, 33, 45, 118, 120,
167, 280, 291symbol, 96, 106, 168, 252; sym-
bols, 167, 168, 172, 174, 176,250–252; symbolic, 10, 81, 101,103, 111, 152, 257, 293, 304,306, 308; symbolic logic, 10,111, 152, 257, 293, 304, 306,308
synonymy, 212, 273syntactic, 91, 201, 205, 206, 274,
304, 305, 308, 311; syntacticrules, 304; syntactical, 91, 201,274, 311
TTarski, Alfred, 40, 49, 202, 211,
233, 234; Tarski-like, 202tautology, 43, 89, 209taxonomy, 1, 12, 114, 117Taylor, Charles, 175
technology, 119, 184, 190, 313;technological, 190, 236
teleological necessity, 95–98;teleological possibility, 98
temporality, 73terms, 7, 8, 15, 21, 22, 25, 35, 36,
40, 44, 52, 66, 75–77, 83, 84,90, 96, 104, 118, 140, 158, 162,174, 187, 188, 197, 198, 200,201, 205–211, 226, 234, 248,256, 265, 267, 268, 270,272–274, 276, 277, 279–282,300
tertium non datur, 197, 199, 202,209, 211
theory, theoretical; theoretical re-strictions, 282; theoretical sci-ence, 119, 184; theory ofknowledge, 1, 91, 118, 142,144, 256; theory of mathemat-ics, 61; theory of meaning, 115,116, 118, 124–126, 130, 199,252; theory of syllogisms, 78;theory revision, 240
thought, 1–4, 6–11, 13–16, 18, 21,22, 24–30, 35–46, 48, 53, 55,58, 59, 61, 64, 66, 68–71,74–77, 83, 85, 88, 95, 101, 110,113, 115, 119, 120, 125, 126,128–130, 132, 135, 136, 138,141–143, 146, 148, 151,160–163, 165–169, 172–178,187, 193, 195–201, 204–211,213, 215, 220, 224, 226, 229,231–233, 235, 237, 238,241–243, 249–254, 259, 267;thoughts, 7, 14, 19, 21, 23, 29,37, 42, 46, 76, 116, 125, 161,167, 177, 196, 215; thought ex-periment, 241; thinking, 3, 6,
338 PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOLOGY, AND PSYCHOLOGISM
11, 17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 34, 36,38, 42, 44–47, 65, 70, 76, 77,81, 83–89, 95, 99, 101, 104,113, 116–118, 120, 122, 123,125, 126, 128, 132, 135,138–141, 146, 166, 167, 176,177, 191, 196, 197, 199–202,208, 209, 216, 227, 230–232,236, 240, 243, 246, 248,250–252, 301; thinkers, 4, 15,117, 160, 221, 247, 248, 251,291
Thomasius, Christian, 31,49Thompson, Manley, 164, 179Tillich, Paul, 139, 154time, 30–32, 39–44, 52, 58, 60, 63,
68, 73, 74, 82, 88, 99, 100, 103,113, 119, 124, 128, 131, 137,142, 144, 146, 159, 160, 166, 170, 172, 176, 190, 210, 216,231, 235–237, 241, 247, 248,268, 290, 301, 311; timeless-ness, 119; see space and time;spatio-temporal
token, 224, 253, 283; see typetotality, 68, 104–107, 284traditional logic, 12, 23, 24, 28, 29,
33, 38, 81–83, 85, 86, 89, 107,108; traditional logicians, 81,82, 85
transcendent, transcendence, 1, 2,241, 242; transcendent notion oftruth, 241, 242; transcendental,2, 34, 36, 43, 63–66, 72, 74, 77,85, 88, 108, 114, 115, 124,127–129, 189, 196, 205,211–213, 247, 249, 255, 259;transcendental aesthetic, 247;transcendental deduction, 63,72; transcendental idealism, 64;
transcendental illusion, 77; tran-scendental logic, 34, 85, 114,115, 124, 128, 129; transcen-dental phenomenology, 128,212, 249; transcendental psy-chologism, 114, 127, 128; tran-scendental realism, 66; tran-scendental reasoning, 255; tran-scendentalism, 85, 108
truth, 2, 3, 8, 12, 13, 16–19, 23, 25,28–30, 41, 42, 45, 46, 52–55,57–60, 62–67, 69, 71, 74–79,83, 85, 89–92, 99, 115–119,121, 123, 126, 127, 129,132–135, 137, 138, 141, 143,144, 158, 163, 168, 171, 175,177–179, 181–183, 194–200,202–204, 206–217, 220, 221,224–226, 229, 231, 233–236,238–244, 252, 253, 255, 256,261, 266, 270, 272, 280–282,290, 292, 296, 297, 303, 312;truth referentially, 64; truth ta-ble definition, 270; truth-claims,91, 92
type, 11, 14, 135, 216, 217, 250,251, 253, 256, 257, 269, 275;see token
Uunconditional normative psycholo-
gism, 73–84underdetermination, 265, 269, 280,
281understanding, 7–9, 23–26, 28, 29,
32–36, 43, 44, 48, 72–74,77–79, 86, 108, 115, 118, 128,131, 151, 158, 160, 163, 165,169, 170, 173, 183, 192, 229,230, 232, 246, 248, 250, 257,
INDEX 339
259, 267, 277–280, 284, 285,296
unity of consciousness, 42universals, 7, 30, 270; universality,
13, 207, 247; universalization,62, 72, 249; universal law, 248,249; universal soundness, 88
unregenerate realism, 182urteil, 83, 111, 154; urteilen, 44Utopia, 137, 152
Vvalid, validity, 3, 27, 35, 53, 55,
62–72, 75, 83, 87, 117–119,121, 133, 139–144, 160, 162,164, 165, 203, 208, 210, 246,248, 250, 251, 257, 292, 294,300, 301, 303, 304; valid argu-ment, 55, 300, 302, 303; validthinking, 70
value theory, 7Vasil’ev, Nicolai, 82, 107–109,
111veil of perception, 182; see QuineVerhältnis, 148, 161, 260Vergauwen, Roger, 109, 111voluntative logic, 95Vorstellung, 83, 113, 258
WWard, Seth, 30, 49Warden of Wadham, 24Watkins, J.W.N., 147, 154weak psychologism, 18; see strong
psychologismWeber, Alfred, 47, 138, 148, 154Welby, Victoria, 171, 172West, R.F., 311, 313Wiener, P., 171Wiggins, David, 243
Willard, Dallas, 124–126, 130,145, 154, 205, 211, 214, 227,259
Williams, Bernard, 235, 238, 239,243, 244
Wilson, Fred, 259, 262Windelband, Wilhelm, 132, 154,
155Wittfogel, K.A., 139, 155Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 2, 8, 19,
145, 148, 165, 177, 179, 183,209, 232, 249, 250, 252, 253,261, 262, 277, 278, 281–285;Wittgensteinian, 125, 206, 211,278, 284, 285
Wolff, Christian, 26, 29–31, 45,48, 49, 151
world-view, 238, 243Wright, G.N., 49,153Wundt, Wilhelm, 82, 85, 86, 89,
100–108, 111, 123, 130–132,141, 143, 145, 146, 155
YYang, Yingrui, 308, 311–313Yolton, John W., 259, 262
ZZeman, J.Jay, 172, 179Zeno of Citium, 254, 255, 260–262Zheng, Lan, 164, 179
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Jesús Ezquerro and Jesús M. Larrazabal (eds.): Cognition, Semantics and Philosophy. Proceed-ings of the First International Colloquium on Cognitive Science. 1992 ISBN 0-7923-1538-3
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M. Slors: The Diachronic Mind. An Essay on Personal Identity, Psychological Continuity andthe Mind-Body Problem. 2001 ISBN 0-7923-6978-5
L.N. Oaklander (ed.): The Importance of Time. Proceedings of the Philosophy of Time Society,1995–2000. 2001 ISBN 1-4020-0062-6
M. Watkins: Rediscovering Colors. A Study in Pollyanna Realism. 2002ISBN 1-4020-0737-X
W.F. Vallicella: A Paradigm Theory of Existence. Onto–Theology Vindicated. 2002ISBN 1-4020-0887-2
M. Hulswit: From Cause to Causation. A Peircean Perspective. 2002ISBN 1-4020-0976-3; Pb 1-4020-0977-1
D. Jacquette (ed.): Philosophy, Psychology, and Psychologism. Critical and Historical Readingson the Psychological Turn in Philosophy. 2003 ISBN 1-4020-1337-X
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