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Texas to Statehood
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Independence
Texas gains its independence June of 1836 with the Treaties of Velasco
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Leadership
The republic of Texas had 3 presidents: Sam Houston, Mirabeau Lamar, & Anson Jones
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Sam Houston First administration 1836-
1838
Focused on forming government, dealing with debt, the army, conflict with Native Americans & Mexico, and selecting a capital.
Dismissed army because of cost & bad relationship. Replaces them with Texas Rangers- used to fight Native Americans & Mexican soldiers.
Signed treaty with Chief Bowles, Cherokee Chief
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Mirabeau B. Lamar
2nd president of republic from 1838- 1841
Did not agree with Houston’s policies
Focused on pushing Native Americans further west, education, & new capital (Austin).
Doubled public debt because of Indian wars & increased inflation
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Council House Fight
March 19, 1840 a group of Comanche leaders agree to meet in San Antonio & surrender all Anglo captives
Delivered one: Matilda Lockhart
Texans were angry & attacked Comanche ; 7 Texans died with many Comanche leaders
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Santa Fe Expedition
June 1841
Lamar sends troops to claim western boundary of Texas- all of Rio Grande which included Santa Fe & part of present day New Mexico
Mexico did not agree neither did the citizens of Santa Fe; Texans were captured & taken to Mexico City
Caused Mexico to raid TX again
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Native Troubles
Lamar ordered Chief Bowles to lead Cherokees out of TX.
Bowles refuses & is killed
Cherokees were forced to present day Oklahoma
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Cordova Rebellion
Led by Vicente Cordova
Organizes with group of about 400 people loyal to Mexico near Angelina River
Before anything could happen the group was put down but distrust of Native Americans & Mexicans increased
Led to Cherokees being forced to Oklahoma
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Texas Rangers
Lamar used Rangers to fight Mexicans & Native Americans
Jack Coffee Hayes: Best known Texas Ranger; Captain & surveyor of Republic of Texas
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Sam Houston
Second Administration from 1841- 1844
Re-elected after Lamar
Most Texans were unhappy with the conflict during Lamar’s administration
Focused on return to peace, decrease public debt, & to prepare TX for statehood
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Houston cont’d
Due to Santa Fe Expedition Mexico began to invade TX
Houston used TX Rangers to guard border & end threat
About 300 Texans crossed border into Mier fought in 2 day battle then surrendered
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Anson Jones
Last president of Republic
Served from 1844 -1845
Supported Houston’s policies; focused on maintaining peace with Native Americans, tried to limit spending & turned TX over to U.S.
Texas becomes the 28th state in 1845
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Texas Navy Used to protect coast during
Houston’s term
Lamar had Congress issue bonds to buy ships
Used to conduct unsuccessful peace negotiations between TX & Mexico
Most officers were recruited from U.S. Navy
Commodored by Edwin W. Moore: dishonorably discharged by Houston for supporting Yucatan Rebels.
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Jose Antonio Navarro
Bexar’s representative in Texas Congress
Voice of Tejanos tried to protect their land claims & rights
Helped write state constitution
Supported Lamar
Critic of Houston