Download - Improving Energy Efficiency in Traditional Buildings Moses Jenkins Technical Conservation Group
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Improving Energy Efficiency in Traditional Buildings
Moses Jenkins
Technical Conservation Group
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Contents
• Traditionally constructed buildings
• Building elements: improvement options– Windows– Walls– Roofs– Floors– Doors
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Vapour movement in a traditionally built home.
We can improve efficiency, but must be careful not to compromisethis dynamic.
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Typical energy efficiency upgrade using expanded phenolic foam
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Traditional passive ventilation systems
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If we get it wrong..
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Windows
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Draught Stripping
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Existing options – shutters & blinds – gave significant improvements u-
value 1.8
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Secondary glazing
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Secondary glazing : U Value 1.7
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secondary glazing manufactured by a joiner
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new sealed units within existing sashes, u-value 1.3
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A new check is cut and the unit puttied in place
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Upgraded sashes awaiting re-hanging
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Walls
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Historic Scotland research has examined 3 approaches to insulating mass masonry walls:
•Putting insulation behind existing wall lining
•Applying material directly to the masonry “on the hard”
•Framing out and putting material between the timber
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U-value improvement 68%
Bonded polystyrene bead u-value 0.31
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30mm Calcium silicate board applied directly to mass masonry
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Preparation for application of board (left) and the build up of the board and finishing layers (right), u-
value improvement from 2.1 to 1
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10mm Aerogel blanket fixed directly to mass masonry
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Aerogel blanket particularly useful on curved walls, u-value improved from 1.3 to 0.6
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Where previous linings have been lost or are irreparable more substantial
interventions can be made
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Hemp board – u-value 0.21
Thermal improvement 78%
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80mm Wood fibre board u value 0.19
Thermal improvement 81%
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Clay board (right) ready for application of clay plaster (left)
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100mm cellulose fibre blown on the hard – U value 0.28
Thermal improvement 71%
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Aerogel insulated board – 50mm u value 0.31
Thermal improvement 65%
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An important element of the testing program is monitoring of moisture build up
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Moisture monitoring following the application of the insulation at Sword Street
0
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May-2010 Jun-2010 Aug-2010 Sep-2010 Nov-2010 Jan-2011 Feb-2011
Max
imum
Dai
ly R
elati
ve H
umid
ity
[%]
50mm into Brick/Close Wall
Interface Close brickwall/Insulation
50mm into Stone/Exterior Wall
Interface Exterior WallStone/Insulation
Room (RHmax)
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External Insulation
Maybe not here…
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But what about here?
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Wood fibre insulation, Glasgow
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Negative visual impact of external insulation
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Floors
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Is it worth lifting this?
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Sheep’s wool pinned to under floor joists
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Hemp board between joists held in place with timber runners, u-value
improvement 2.4 to 0.7
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Breathable?
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Stone floors – can this be improved?
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Laying the insulated floor as a homogenous layer
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Concrete floors can be lifted and insulated lime concrete floor laid in its place
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Lime concrete layer being mixed, laid and flags laid on top
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Aerogel board placed over concrete floor, u-value improvement 3.9 to 0.8
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Lofts and roof spaces
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Should be 275mm thick whatever material used
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Vapour permeable options most appropriate such as sheep’s wool or wood fibre board
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Sheep’s wool between joists, u-value improvement 1.5 to 0.3
(wood fibre board u-value 0.2)
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Insulating behind existing roof linings in inhabited loft space, u-value
improvement 1.6 to 0.8
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Blowing bonded bead into a mansard dormer cheek insulation behind the plasterboard
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Insulating between rafters using hemp / wool material
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Doors
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Door panels can be insulated to reduce heat loss, u-value improvement 3.9 to 0.8
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Conclusion
• Vapour permeability and ventilation should be maintained throughout any energy upgrade work
• All elements of traditionally constructed buildings can be made more thermally efficient by the use of a range of materials and techniques
• It is vital that this work is carried out sensitively to both the aesthetic and performance of the building and ventilation vital to
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More details of all research available at Historic Scotland
website:
www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/technicalpapers
I can be contacted at [email protected]
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Which one has the best chance of still being useful in 100 years?