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Impact of Information Systemsin Society
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Index
Introduction of Information Systems (IS) Types of Information Systems
Application of Information Systems in Industries
Benefits of Information Systems in Society
Negative Impacts of Information Systems in Society
Case Study
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Information Systems
A collection of resources working together in a co-ordinate
fashion to store, process and provide information for end-users.
Information Systems is usually interchangeable withInformation Technology.
It is an Integrated System of Man & Machine for providinginformation to support the operations, the management anddecision making function in organizations.
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Types of Information Systems
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An information system can be:
Manual
Computerized
Computer-based informationsystem (CBIS) :
A single set of hardware, software,databases, telecommunications,people, and procedures that areconfigured to collect, manipulate,store, and process data into
information.
Manual and Computerized Information Systems
The Components of a Computer-BasedInformation System
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Business Information Systems:
Most common types of information systems used in business
organizations
Electronic and mobile commerce systems
Transaction processing systems
Management information systems
Decision support systems
Electronic and Mobile Commerce:
E-commerce: any business transaction executed electronically betweenparties such as:
Companies (business-to-business, B2B)
Companies and consumers (business-to-consumer, B2C)
Consumers and other consumers (consumer-to-consumer, C2C)
Business and the public sector
Consumers and the public sector
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Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing Systems andEnterprise Resource Planning
Transaction: any business-related exchange, such as payments toemployees, sales to customers, and payments to suppliers.
Transaction processing system (TPS): an organized collection ofpeople, procedures, software, databases, and devices used torecord completed business transactions
A Payroll Transaction Processing System
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Enterprise Resource Planning:
A set of integrated programs that manages the vital businessoperations for an entire multisite, global organization.
Can replace many applications with one unified set of programs,making the system easier to use and more effective
Information and Decision Support Systems:
An effective TPS provides a number of benefits to a company.
A TPS can speed business activities and reduce clerical costs.
Data stored in TPSs is used to help managers make betterdecisions.
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Management Information Systems
Management information system (MIS):
An organized collection of people, procedures,software, databases, and devices that providesroutine information to managers and decisionmakers.
Primary focus of an MIS is operational efficiency
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Decision Support Systems
Decision support system (DSS): an organized collection ofpeople, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to
support problem-specific decision making.
Focus of a DSS is on decision-making effectiveness
Essential DSS Elements
S i li d B i I f ti S t
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Specialized Business Information Systems
Knowledge management systems (KMSs): an organizedcollection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devicesto create, store, share, and use the organizations knowledge andexperience.
Artificial intelligence (AI): field in which the computer system takeson the characteristics of human intelligence
The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence
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Specialized Business Information Systems
Expert Systems:
Give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an
expert in a particular field. Allow organizations to capture and use the wisdom of experts and
specialists.
The knowledge base contains the collection of data, rules, procedures,and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper
outcome.
Virtual Reality:
Simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experiencedvisually in three dimensions.
Immersive virtual reality. Applications that are not fully immersive.
Can be a powerful medium for communication, entertainment, andlearning
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Information Systems in the Functional Areas of Business
Finance and accounting
Sales and marketing
Manufacturing
Human resource management
Legal information systems
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Information Systems in Industry
Airline industry
Investment firms
Banks
Transportation industry
Publishing companies
Healthcare organizations
Retail companies
Power management and utility companies
Professional services
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Benefits of Information Systems in Society
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Benefits of Information Systems in Society
Who has been benefited with IS ?
Individuals
People in Groups
Government
Commercial Business
New & Media Organization
Educational organization
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Globalization
Brought the world closer together Sharing Ideas
Interdependent System
Communication Cheaper
Quick and more efficient
Face to Face Direct Communication
Benefits of Information Systems in Society
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Benefits of Information Systems in Society
More Time:
Open 24x7 all over the globe Anytime Anywhere
Cost Effectiveness
Easy Access to online Libraries Distance Education
Other Benefits:
Bridging the Cultural Gap
Creation of new jobs
Better Improvement in health and life
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Role of Information Systems in Society
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N ti I t f I f ti S t i S i t
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Digital divide in the society
Impact on Work: Unemployment
Rapidity of Change
Impact on Education: Poor Memory Development
Shift from the traditional methods of learning
Negative Impacts of Information Systems in Society
N ti I t f I f ti S t i S i t
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Quality of Life: Dehumanization and Other Psychological Impacts
Information Overload/ Quality of Information Information Anxiety
Health Risks: Repetitive Stress Injury Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Techno-stress Computer Vision Syndrome
Change in Communication: Isolation Changing Family & Inter-Personal Relationships Reduced personal interactions
Negative Impacts of Information Systems in Society
N ti I t f I f ti S t i S i t
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Computer Crimes:
Cyber Theft
Hacking
Credit Card Fraud
Data Communication Fraud
Cyber Terrorism
Spamming
Unauthorized access to Computer files
Unlawful copying of copyrighted Software's
Negative Impacts of Information Systems in Society
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Others:
Privacy: Information Rights: Privacy and Freedom in the
Internet Age. Challenge to Intellectual Property
Systems related: Accountability, Liability and Control
Data Quality & System Errors Computer related liability problems
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We as a society sometimes depend upon Information Systems &Information Technology a little too much. It has made our lives so mucheasier and more simple, but we fear that it has also paralyzed the way
our generation thinks and behaves.
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Case Study on BPOIndustry India
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Business Process Outsourcing Industry in India
Business process outsourcing (BPO) is a broad term referring tooutsourcing in all fields.
A BPO differentiates itself by :
Either putting in new technology or applying existing technology in anew way to improve a process.
Delegation of one or more IT-intensive business processes to an
external provider that in turn owns, administers and manages theselected process based on defined and measurable performancecriteria.
Refers to the operation of letting out the task of performing certainfunctions of an enterprise to another enterprise. These functions areusually non-strategic and non-core in nature though they can be very
critical for a business enterprise.
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) is one of the fastest growingsegments of the Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES)industry.
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Benefits of Outsourcing
Reduce or control operating costs
Higher level of service for the same or lower costs
Focus on your core business and let the operational details be
managed by an external expert
Gain access to world-class capabilities
Increased efficiency
Reduced labor costs
Predictability of costs
Freeing up financial capital and human resources for other projects
Secure resource not available internally
Utilization of common applications
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Future Threats
The cost of telecom and network infrastructure is much higher in
India than in the US.
The anti-outsourcing legislation in the United States.
US Senate has banned federal contractors from outsourcing
overseas.
Workers in British Telecom have protested against outsourcing
of work to Indian BPO companies.
Other ITES destinations such as China, Philippines and SouthAfrica could have an edge on the cost factor.
Slowdown of demand
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