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Immune System Unit 9 Miss Wheeler
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Introduction � The immune system works to protect the body
from foreign invaders (bacteria, viruses, toxins, etc.)
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Immune System � Defends against harmful organisms, chemicals, etc. � 2 types of defense:
� Nonspecific- 1st and 2nd line of defense � Specific- 3rd line of defense
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Nonspecific- 1st Line of Defense � EXTERNAL BARRIERS � Skin/Hair- epidermis creates physical barrier � Sweat, Mucous, Saliva- creates chemical barrier to
try to destroy pathogens
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Nonspecific- 2nd Line of Defense � INTERNAL BARRIERS � Phagocytes- “eats” and breaks down foreign
particles (ex. Neutrophil) � Natural Killer Cells- destroy cells with foreign antigen
markers � Inflammatory Response- response to injured body
tissue
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Phagocytes- 2nd Line
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Natural Killer Cells- 2nd Line
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Inflammation- 2nd Line
� 5 SIGNS 1. Redness 2. Swelling 3. Heat 4. Pain 5. Fever
� Histamine- dilates and increases permeability of blood vessels
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Inflammation- 2nd Line
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Specific- 3rd Line of Defense � Lymphocytes- White blood cells called T-cells and
B-cells; recognize and respond to antigens � “Acquired Immunity”- many lymphocytes will have
a permanent defense against a specific pathogen once it has been introduced to it once.
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Lymphocytes- 3rd Line
� T-cells: � Killer- scan surface of cells and
destroys foreign cells � Helper- signal B-cells to produce
antibodies; get help from phagocytes
� B-cells: � Produce antibodies that
agglutinate cells with foreign antigens
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Vaccines � Imitate an infection, resulting
in acquired immunity to a specific pathogen
� Trigger immune response that produces T-cells and generates antibodies (made by B-cell)
� Many “memory” T and B cells will protect against that specific pathogen if exposed to it in the future.
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Vaccines