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IHOP Radiosonde and Dropsonde Data: Highlights and Problems
Junhong (June) Wang Junhong (June) Wang Kate BeierleKate BeierleNCAR/ATDNCAR/ATD
1. Radiosonde data• Summary• Humidity sensors• Problems
2. Dropsonde data• Summary• Scientific Highlights• Problems
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Summary of all radiosonde data from IHOPSummary of all radiosonde data from IHOP
Radiosonde Systems
Number of soundings
Radiosonde Types
Sites Time (UTC)
NWS 1653 (410)Vaisala RS80-H
& VIZ14
00 and 12 UTC every day, 11 IOPs at 15, 18 21 UTC, and 4 IOPS at 18, 21, 03 UTC
ARM 862 Vaisala RS905 (C1, B1, B4,
B5, B6)02, 05, 08, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23 UTC
ISS 138 Vaisala RS80-H Homestead18 UTC every day, and various times for IOPs
Ref. Sonde 16 Ref/RS80H/VIZ Homestead 18 UTC and others
Mobile_CLASS 60 RS80-H mobile various
Mobile_GLASS1 74 RS80-H mobile various
Mobile_GLASS2 77 RS80-H mobile various
Total 2625 3 types 19 + 3 mobile Various
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Reference sonde
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400MHz transmitter
GPS receiver
Swiss Radiosonde C34•SW chilled-mirror DP hygrometer – reference humidity sensor•Carbon hygristor•Copper-constantan thermocouple•Hypsometer
Vaisala RS80
NWS VIZ B-2
Reference radiosonde
Radiosondes
RS90 (~1993): Smaller THERMOCAPHeated twin F-HUMICAP
VIZ-B2: Rod thermistorCarbon hygristor
Vaisala RS80-H
VIZ B-2
RS80-H (~1990): THERMOCAPF-HUMICAP
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SnowWhite Chilled-mirror dewpoint hygrometer SnowWhite Chilled-mirror dewpoint hygrometer
•Fast response
• No influences of radiation, wind and others
• Accurate measurement of dew/frost point
• Detects clouds and measures their liquid/solid water
• Needs no individual calibration and recalibration after recovered
ThermocoupleMirror
Peltier
Scattering light detectorReflecting light detector
Heated sensor housing
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Data quality control for Data quality control for ATD Radiosonde DataATD Radiosonde Data
2. ASPEN
3. Individual 3. Individual Skew-T examinationSkew-T examination
4. Comparisons of 4. Comparisons of prelaunch and surface dataprelaunch and surface data
5. 5. Comparisons with other data
1. In-field data processing
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Aspirator upgrade for ISSAspirator upgrade for ISS
Old
New
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Summary of all dropsonde data from IHOPSummary of all dropsonde data from IHOP
Missions Falcon Lear Total
BLH 19 17 36
M LLJ 62 93 155
CI 7 169 176
E LLJ 0 53 53
Total 88 332 420
1. PTU/W profiles
2. Validation for newer WV instruments
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NCAR GPS DropsondeNCAR GPS Dropsonde
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Large parachute Small parachute
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MLLJ on June 9 (1200-1930 UTC)MLLJ on June 9 (1200-1930 UTC)
1. Box flight path (clockwise)
2. Clear sky in the domain
3. LLJ on the northern leg
4. Lear: 48 (took off from NW corner, ~50 km, two box flights)
5. Falcon: 21 (took off from SE corner, ~50 km)
6. Mapping moisture and intercomparison with DIAL, LASE, NAST
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T/RH variations for two Lear box flights June 9T/RH variations for two Lear box flights June 9
RF9 RF10
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MLLJ (East-West on the Northern Leg on June 9)MLLJ (East-West on the Northern Leg on June 9)
Specific Humidity (g/kg)DIAL on Falcon
Inversion-capped moist layer
Two-layer moisture
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CI on June 12 CI on June 12 (1900-2200 UTC)(1900-2200 UTC)
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Dry Line
Performance in Performance in Clouds Clouds
CI May 22CI May 2222:14-22:39 UT22:14-22:39 UT
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1. ASPEN(limit, buddy, outlier, filter, etc.)
2. Individual Skew-T examination2. Individual Skew-T examination
3. Histograms of PTU and wind3. Histograms of PTU and wind
4. Time series of PTU and wind4. Time series of PTU and wind
5. Comparisons with other data
Data quality control for ATD Dropsonde DataData quality control for ATD Dropsonde Data
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Geopotential height problems and solutionsGeopotential height problems and solutions
Before
After
2. Corrections:
Good soundings
Integrate from surface up
Surface elevation
Soundings with missing data above surface
Integrate from FL down
Add PTU to FL
Corrected heights
Integrate from flight-level down
Unknown surface altitude
1. No flight-level PTU data2. Use flight-level height but 1st available pressure (~20s)
~200-300 m overestimate of heights
1. Problems:
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Geo-potential height data after correctionsGeo-potential height data after corrections
Missing data before landing
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Importance Notes Importance Notes for IHOP radiosonde/dropsonde datafor IHOP radiosonde/dropsonde data
• Do not use reference sonde pressure and wind data:
1. The reference sonde (RS) uses a hypsometer to measure pressure. Unfortunately the hypsometer was not stable and has all kinds of problems.
2. We didn't correct balloon swing at all for winds and had quite big balloon swing because of bigger balloons used.
• Sensor arm heating error in radiosonde data at Homestead:
1. The SAH error depends on a lot of factors
2. Different impacts for T and RH: 40-60 s (200-300m) for RH, negligible for T.
• Take precautious about dropsonde geopotential data:
The Geopotential height problems in IHOP dropsonde data are investigated and corrected. But there may be some un-identified problems in some individual soudnings.
Errors/Biases and Error variances in radiosonde and dropsonde data will show latter