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Identifying Source Reduction Opportunities and Engineering Trade-Offs
Identifying Source Reduction Opportunities and Engineering Trade-Offs
Kenneth R. StoneEngineering Trade-Offs Team Leader
Kenneth R. StoneEngineering Trade-Offs Team Leader
The Business of Mercury P2:The Business of Mercury P2:
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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline
Hg P2 Research Needs
NRMRL Implementation Plan
Approaches and Tools
Schedule of Deliverables
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Research NeedsResearch Needs
Assessment of Mercury Consumption Eliminate Uncertainties in Consumption Assess P2 Potential Prioritize Research Efforts
Collaboration with Industry LCA for Environmental Impacts ETO for Economic, Energy & Environmental
Costs and Benefits
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Research ActivitiesResearch Activities
P2 Prioritization Assessment Partnerships Inventory Investigation Prioritization Support Verification
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Pollution Prevention Tools...Pollution Prevention Tools...
Raw Materials
MaterialsManufacture
ProductManufacture
Product Use
FinalDisposition
Energy
Wastes
… typically draw a boundary around one process, one facility, or one stage in the life cycle. Impacts that ripple up- or down-stream from a change are not identified.
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Life Cycle Tools…Life Cycle Tools…
Raw Materials
MaterialsManufacture
ProductManufacture
Product Use
FinalDisposition
… study the entire life cycle to identify the cross-media and cross-stage impacts from a change.
Energy
Wastes
Reuse
Product Recycling
Energy Energy Energy Energy
Wastes Wastes Wastes Wastes
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Selecting the ApproachSelecting the Approach
Housekeeping
Refine Operations Management
Change Policy Change
Identify Hazards Inspection
Preparation Operator Safety
Change Perspective
Design Material Selection
DEM/VAL
Technical Solutions Product Change Process Change Process
Modification
Procurement
Disposition
PPOA for: Life Cycle for:
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Economic & Environmental ToolsEconomic & Environmental Tools
Societal
Financial
Environmental
Technical
RawMaterial
MaterialProcessing
Manufacturing Use/ReuseMaint.
End of LifeMgt.
Benefit/Cost AnalysisBenefit/Cost Analysis
EnvironmentalAccounting Life Cycle
Mgt.
ActivityBased
Costing
PPOALife Cycle AssessmentLife Cycle Assessment
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Support ApproachesSupport Approaches
Life Cycle Engineering Inventory, Impact, Interpretation
Engineering Trade-Offs Economics, Environment and Engineering
Environmental Input/Output Effect of a Decision on Other Segments
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Life Cycle EngineeringLife Cycle Engineering
DecisionDecision
Environment
Cost
Performance
LCA
LCC
T&E
Does it save/make money?
Does it work better?
Does it have the smallest impact?
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LCE MethodLCE Method
Target the Assessment- Establish the Function Provided- Name LCE Team Members- Develop Goals & Requirements- Propose Engineering Technologies & Options
Target the Assessment- Establish the Function Provided- Name LCE Team Members- Develop Goals & Requirements- Propose Engineering Technologies & Options
Preliminary Assessment- Define the Technology Life Cycles- Link Technologies and Options to Goals & Requirements
Preliminary Assessment- Define the Technology Life Cycles- Link Technologies and Options to Goals & Requirements
Detailed Assessment- Retarget the Assessment- Redefine the Technology Life Cycles- Reassess Goals & Requirements- Identify Key Technologies
Detailed Assessment- Retarget the Assessment- Redefine the Technology Life Cycles- Reassess Goals & Requirements- Identify Key Technologies
Specification DevelopmentSpecification Development
Preferred Engineering OptionsPreferred Engineering Options
OptionDefinition
SpecificationDevelopment
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LCE Level of RigorLCE Level of Rigor
On-site Performance Evaluation of Equipment and Materials
Life Cycle Cost of Each Choice
Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts
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LCE RangeLCE Range
Societal
Financial
Environmental
Technical
RawMaterial
MaterialProcessing
ManufacturingUse/ReuseMaint.
End of LifeMgt.
Life Cycle EngineeringLife Cycle Engineering
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Engineering Trade-OffsEngineering Trade-Offs
EnvironmentEnvironment
PerformancePerformance
EconomicsEconomics
AcceptanceAcceptance
DDECISIONECISION
Does it work
better?
Does it
save/make
money?
Does it release
the least?
Does everyone
comprehend
and support
it?
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AcceptanceAcceptance
Human Error Personal Limitations Poor Information, Training or Judgment Individual Technical Belief
The Impact of Human Error and Will:
Human Will Agreement/Support Disagreement/Passivity Resentment/Resistance Indifference/Independence
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Information Collection
Identify Products/Processes/Activities/Users
Collect Data, Conduct Interviews & Follow-up
Information Collection
Identify Products/Processes/Activities/Users
Collect Data, Conduct Interviews & Follow-up
Assess Operations
Identify Environmental Risks and Calculate Costs
Evaluate Performance
Assess Operations
Identify Environmental Risks and Calculate Costs
Evaluate Performance
Determine Acceptance
Select Prospective Alternatives & Present
Evaluate Feasibility with Impacted Communities
Determine Acceptance
Select Prospective Alternatives & Present
Evaluate Feasibility with Impacted Communities
Implement Decision
Present Findings & Obtain Funding
Provide Orientation & Training
Implement Decision
Present Findings & Obtain Funding
Provide Orientation & Training
Validate Decision
Monitor Implementation & Confirm Performance
Re-evaluate for Human Error & Will
Validate Decision
Monitor Implementation & Confirm Performance
Re-evaluate for Human Error & Will
Define Objective& Measures of Success
Set Project Scope &BoundariesRevisit Objective & Project Scope During Assessment
Define Objective& Measures of Success
Set Project Scope &BoundariesRevisit Objective & Project Scope During Assessment
If findings offer new P2 opportunities ...
Then collect new data & re-assess
If implementation doesnot meet expectations ...
Then evaluate barriers& design solutions
ETO Method
ETO Method
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Common Trade-Off DecisionsCommon Trade-Off Decisions
Buying a Car: Capacity, Power, Utility, Comfort, Color, Cost,
MPG, Emissions, Status, etc.
Purchasing a House: Location, Lot Layout, Structure, Condition,
Cost, Cosmetics, Amenities, School System,
Shopping, Congestion, Police & Fire Service,
Ethnicity, Social Status, Environment, etc.
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Engineering Trade-OffsEngineering Trade-Offs
Small Business, Community or Facility-level
Support Informed Decision-making
Comparative Assessment
Releases-based, not Impacts-based
Quantify Gate-to-Gate Operations &
Releases
Qualify Releases Outside Gates
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ETO RangeETO Range
Societal
Financial
Environmental
Technical
RawMateri
al
MaterialProcessing
Manufacturing
Use/ReuseMaint.
End of LifeMgt.
Engineering Trade-Offs
Engineering Trade-Offs
Quantitative
Qualitative
Qualitative
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Economic Input/OutputEconomic Input/Output
Estimate Total Economic Impact of an
Activity P2PA Inventory – Mercury Use across the
Economy
Inform Scale & Boundaries of Support
Studies
Help Maintain Research Program Focus
Inform Verification Effort
Show How a Change would Ripple throughout
the Economy
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DeliverablesDeliverables
P2 Compendium
P2 Baseline & Metrics Report
2 LCE Reports
4 ETO Reports
2 EIO Case Studies
Verification Report
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Schedule of DeliverablesSchedule of Deliverables 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 P2PA Interpretation
9/15
P2 Compendium
9/15
P2 Baseline & Metrics
3/30
Life Cycle Assessments
9/15 9/15
Engineering Trade-Offs
6/30 6/30
Environmental I/Os
8/15 8/15
Verification Report
3/30
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Contact:Contact:
Kenneth R. StoneETO Team Leader
NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY
26 W. Martin Luther King
Cincinnati OH 45268
513-569-7474
Kenneth R. StoneETO Team Leader
NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY
26 W. Martin Luther King
Cincinnati OH 45268
513-569-7474
[email protected]@epa.gov