Download - Icarus Redux (TDP)
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
1/17
CSPIT, Changa
Icarus Redux
TheWrightDesign-TDP28thAugust,2011
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
2/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
2
TeamName IcarusRedux
PrimaryContact Name MarmDixit
PhoneNo. 9558822406
e-mailid [email protected]
SecondaryContact Name AbhishekParikh
PhoneNo. 7600121197
e-mailid [email protected]
Sr.
No.NameOfTheParticipant CollegeAndPlace
1 MarmDixit CSPIT,Changa
2 AbhishekParikh CSPIT,Changa
3 DhrupadParikh CSPIT,Changa
4 NishitKhunt CSPIT,Changa
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
3/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
3
Inspiration Zanonia is a flowering plant familyfound inIndian subcontinent and south
eastAsia.Mostofus wouldnthaveheard of it, let alone see it.But, there
weresomewhosaw.Andafewamongthemimagined.Thezanoniaseedas
shownherewastheprimaryinspirationforthefirstflyingwingglider.Halfa
centuryon,itstillinspires.
TheConnectThe first thing we inferred after eyeing the
problem statement was that the question is
difficult, ergo the solution had to be simple. The
zanonia seed analogy worked perfectly here;
where we saw such a simple shape, glide
efficiently. It was a tailless entity, without a
propellerandnoverticalelement.Allthingsasked
ofusinthiscase.Allwehadtodowasreformthe
ideatoaworkablebasis,keepinginmindthatthe
solutionlayinsimplicity.
InitialDesignsThewackieronesofusinitiallyplannedtomutatealarge,largeZanoniaseed
and "Viola! problem solved. Backing into reality, the first thing a glider
shoulddonomatterwhatitdoesn'tis:FLY.Whatfollowsonthenextpageare
the initial designs, which were suggested and rejected, as fast as a
supermodel'sboyfriend.
Howwearrivedatthedesign.
AZanoniaSeed
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
4/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
4
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
5/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
5
TheConceptThe main ideabehind our designswere to nullify the effectsof the rolling
pitching andyaw momentsalong with solvingthe problem oftaking a turn
midair.
StagesOfTheDesign Intheenditallboileddowntothefollowingtwodesigns.Thecommonthing inboththedesignswerefollowing.
1. Airfoil: Of everything that we saw and read and deduced, the reverse
camberairfoilwasbestsuitedforthecaseofflyingwings.Aswillbeexplained
later on, thisdesign alsodecreases the pitchingmoment and has abetter
yawcontrolthanthenormalones.
2. Planform: Probablywewereall smitten by the Horton series, pre WWII
flyingwingglider.Inspiredfromit,wemodifiedittoourpresentneeds,andto makealongstoryshort,thatbecameourplanform.
Theprimary difference then inbothourdesign was theturning mechanism
andandthecontrollingsystemforthemoments.
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
6/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
6
Design A: has two flaps cut on each wing essentially its part but could be
rotatedaboutahorizontalaxis.Bydoingthiswewouldessentiallybesolving
our turning hurdle, but also the pitching and rolling moments could be
controlledbyslightmanouvresofthesame.Theconceptwassimple,theonly
apprehensionsaboutthethingwereitsmanufacurabilityandourcontrolover
itinflight.
DesignB:Inbetweenthetonnesofvideoswatched,andhoursonthenet&
librariesreadinganythingandeverythingwegotonthetopic,oneofushiton
the topic, 'Ailerons'. In wikipedia, though eventually we would land on
philosophy,punintended,wealsocameacross'Elevators',andthehybridof
thetwo"Elevons".Stunninginitssimplicity,andequallywithitsfunctioning,
at least theoretically, this became an integral part of the second design.
Elevons'properutilizationnullifiedthevariousmomentsandalsosolvedthe
problemofturning.
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
7/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
7
FinalDesignThe 'Flap' sidedwings ideawas appealingdue to itsuniqueness,but it also
createdmajorhurdlesastoitscontrol.Thoughclichdintermsofgliders,its
easeofcontrolinpracticewonthegameforelevons.Thefinalsketchesour
gliderlookedthuslikethedesignB.
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
8/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
8
Pitching,RollingAndYaw: Evenfromtheveryfirstexamplesofplaneengineeringtherehasbeenaneed
for elevators and stabilizers to control a plane during flight. Now with the
comingageoftechnology,wherejetscrackthesoundbarrierasthoughitwas
just a typical joy ride, there is a new breed of aircraft controls that have
emerged known as the "ELEVON"! Elevons are specific surfaces that utilizeairflowtoallowdirectionalchangessuchasaltitudecontrol(pitch),lateralaxis
control(roll),andverticalaxiscontrol(Yaw).Theymakeuseofacombination
ofbothtraditionalstabilizerandaileronflapcontrols,whichhavebeeninuse
sincethedawnofflight.Theseplayanimportantpartforstabilitycontrolsin
delta wing type gliders, V-type gliders where the tail is absent. An elevon
suppliesrollinputsbymovingthecontrolsoneithersideoftheaircraftthe
same distance in opposite directions. Pitch control is achieved by equally
movingbothelevonseitherupordown. Combined pitch and roll control isachievedbymovingbothelevonseitherupordowntopitchtheaircraft;one
controlisextendedfurtherthantheothertoinduceroll. Generallyailerons
onlymoveinoppositedirectionsinequalincrements.Inelevondesigns,they
canalsomoveinthesamedirectionandtodifferingdegrees.
ControlSystems
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
9/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
9
The result of this additional range of movement is a multipurpose control
surfacethatcanbothrolltheaircraftandcauseittoclimbordescend.The
theoryandoperationoftheelevonisfairlysimpleandcapableofproducing
veryaccurateflightcontrol.Whentheelevonsaremovedequallyinopposite
directionsasconventionalailerons,theairtravelingoverandunderthewing
willpushone wingdownand theother up, thuscausing the aircraft toroll
about its axis. If they are both moved up or down equally, the air moving
eitheroverorunder thewingwill causetheaircraft'snosetoriseor dipto
climbordescend.Combinationsofrollandpitcharealittlemorecomplexand
require compound movement. Both elevons move either up or down to
induce pitch motion with one control extended further than the other to
inducerollingmotion.
ReverseCamberAirfoil As discussed later, the reverse
camber airfoil has a nullifying
effectonthe pitching moment and also it gives us a
broaderscopewithdesigns.
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
10/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
10
Weareusingreflexedairfoil(reverse camber) for our glider. It is an airfoilwheretrailingedgehasbeenturnedupwards.ReflexairfoilgivesstableC.O.P
anditalsostabilizestheflyingplanks.Theirbenefitisintheirlowerminimum
profiledrag.AscanbeseenfromtheFBDdiagramsoftheairfoil,thereverse
camberedairfoilcreatesanoseheavymomentwhentheliftincreasesbeyond
acertainlimit.Duetothisthewingpitchesbackintotheequilibriumposition.
Thusitisalsoaself-correctingtechniqueforpitchingmoment.
AirfoilSelection
The figureshowsanairfoil withreflexmean line alongwithpositionofthemomentandforcesactingonit.Thereflexcamberlinemakesthemoment
coefficientpositive whichmeans that themomentaroundc/4 point acts in
tailheavysection.
InordertocompensatethisC.GhastobelocatedinfrontoftheC/4point. Nowsupposingthegliderpitchesup. Due tothis,we get air forceactingbehindC.G. resulting in additional nose
heavymomentbecauseliftincreases(L>L*).
With L > L* the wing will pitch down, reducing angle of attack until theequilibriumisreachedagain.
L=LiftInEquilibriumCondition
L*=Liftindisturbedposition
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
11/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
11
WingPlanformSelection
Initiallywehaddecided to take sweptwingsas the primary design for ourgliderduetothefollowingreasons:
1.sweptbackwingsarecontributestomorelateralstability,
2.swept backwings produceless lift, so in turbulentweathertheyare less
susceptibletoabruptchanges.
3.They aredesigned with lowthicknessand high fineness ratio,hence less
formdrag,
4.Generallytheyaretapered,solessinduceddrag,
5.CapableofflyingathighMachno.asactualrelativewindspeedisatan
angle to the wing leading surface and therefore the wind component
perpendiculartothewingleadingedgeisless,andhencethewingsensesless
speedthanactual.SotheycanflytohighMachno.'s.
ThenweheardaboutthemuchdebatedblendedwingtipsusedinBoeingX-48,welistedoutitsprosandconsandeventuallywejustcametolikethelook
ofit.Stillthefewadvantagesitoffersareasfollows:
1. Fromanengineeringpointofviewthemainpurposeanddirectbenefitofwingletsarereducedairplanedrag.
2. It addedstabilityagainst the rolling moment and also decreased the rolrate.
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
12/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
12
CentreOfGravity:Location,tal.
TheapproximatepositionofCentreofgravityandCentreofpressureofthegliderisasshowninfigure.
Thestaticstabilityofanyflyingwing(taillessaircraft)isdeterminedbythefollowingcondition
!!!
!!!
= !.! !.! ;andthismustbeequaltoorlessthanzero.
WhereCm=coefficientofmoment
Cl=coefficientoflift
!.!=DistanceofCGfromthenose
!.!
= Distance of Aerodynamic centre
fromthenose
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
13/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
13
ThelocationofCGwithrespecttoA.C.issatisfiedwhen !!!
!!!
=0
HenceXc.g.=Xa.c. FromthiswecansaythatthefarthestaftthattheCGcanbeonaflyingwing
isdirectlyovertheAerodynamicCentre(AC).
KeepingthisinmindweworkedthewingparametersandthedesignsoastokeeptheCGawayfromtheACaspracticallypossible.
Thiscanbeseeninthediagraminthediagramaboveandtheoneinthewingparametersectionwhichfollows.
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
14/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
14
WingConstructionandMaterials
Thisisourwingconstructionidea: Wewillfirstmakeaframeoftheentiregliderfrombalsawood. Thecentralhullregionwouldthenbereinforcedbycompressedthermocolor
likematerials.
We are actually dithering over how to cover the wing section; balsa, theobviouschoice,maymakeittooheavytofly,andontheotherhandsheetsor
fabricsmayrenderituselessincaseofstrongwinds. Also the blended winglets and the elevonshavetobe constructed intothe
wing.
Wearehopingtogetthisoneproblemwrappedupassoonaspossibleandwillnotifyyouonceitsdone.
Thematerialsofobviouschoiceo BalsaWoodo CompressedThermocolo Fabrics(Maybe)o Plastics(Maybe)
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
15/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
15
WingParameters
Wingspan-1600 Rootchord-398.22 Tipchord-185.96 sweep-23deg wingarea-467095.84 MAClength-304.994 MACdistance-351.5537 C.G-195.07fromtop
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
16/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
16
ALi-ionbattery. 1300mAh 11.1volts
BatterySpecifications
-
8/4/2019 Icarus Redux (TDP)
17/17
Icarus Redux 28thAugust,2011
TheWrightDesign-TDP
17
Elevons ReflexedAirfoil BlendedWings NoFuel NoRudder NoFuselage NoPropellor
Our'sisnotaveryuniquedesign.Nocontouredwings,noimpossibleairfoils,not
evenafourwingedaffair.Itisbasicallyaconventionalgliderwithafewtweakshereandthere,soastoaidus,wethink,intheglider'sflight.
OurUniquenessisoursimplicity.
Theonlyquestionthenis:
WillItFly?
Uniqueness