IABSE Structures Rally

Stephen Morley

presents

Architectural Engineering in Stadia

Wembley Stadium

Dynamic Loading Caused by Enthusiastic spectators

Rhythmic loads such as Swaying, Shoulder Clapping and Stamping.

Each movement repeated at most 2.8 times per second – or 2.8 Hertz

The seemingly complex trace of movement can be separated into simple cyclic load responses.

Etc. Each progressively less energetic.

Post Olympic mode - end roofs added

ATHENS OLYMPIC STADIUM - OAKA