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THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: HEART AND ASSOCIATED VESSELS
For Grade 11
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DOUBLE CIRCULATION
The circulatory systems has two distinct circuits:
Pulmonary circuit Systemic circuit
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DOUBLE CIRCULATION
Pulmonary circuit
The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart.
Systemic circuit
The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the somatic cells and deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
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FUNCTIONS OF CAPILLARIES
Connects arteries and veins. facilitates the exchange of substances in the
capillaries and the interstitial tissue fluid.
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FUNCTIONS OF blood vessels Arteries: transport oxygenated blood except
for the pulmonary artery. Veins : transports deoxygenated blood
except for the pulmonary vein.
Other veins: Renal vein (kidney) Hepatic vein (liver)
Other arteries: Renal artery (kidney) Hepatic artery (liver)
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FUNCTIONS OF blood vessels Main artery is called the Aorta –
pumping oxygenated blood from heart to rest of body.
Main vein is called the vena cava –
pumping deoxygenated blood towards the heart from the rest of the body.
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: HEART AND VESSELS Mammals have a four-chambered heart with
two atria and two ventricles The left side of the heart pumps and receives
only oxygen-rich blood, while the right side receives and pumps only oxygen-poor blood
The mammalian cardiovascular system meets the body’s continuous demand for O2.
Blood begins its flow when deoxygenated blood flow from the body into the right atrium.
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Blood then flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve.
The blood is then pumped into lungs, through the semilunar valve via the pulmonary artery.
In the lungs, the blood loads O2 and unloads CO2.Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters the heart via the pulmonary vein at the left atrium Blood flows into the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve.
This blood is then pumped through semilunar valve into the aorta with takes blood to the entire body.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: HEART AND VESSELS
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: HEART AND VESSELS Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the superior vena cava (blood from head, neck, and forelimbs) and inferior vena cava (this blood is from the trunk and hind limbs)
The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava flow into the right atrium.
The atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid and bicuspid valves) separate each atrium and ventricle
The semilunar valves control blood flow to the aorta and the pulmonary artery.
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CARDIAC CYCLE
cardiac cycle:The heart contracts and relaxes in a rhythmic cycle.Systole: The contraction, or pumping, phase is called… Diastole:The relaxation, or filling, phase.pulse :Is the heart rate, is the number of beats per minute.
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MAINTAINING THE HEART’S RHYTHMIC BEAT
cardiac muscle cells contract without any signal from the nervous system
The sinoatrial (SA) node, or pacemaker, sets the rate and timing at which cardiac muscle cells contract.
Impulses from the SA node travel to the Atrioventricular (AV) node
At the AV node, the impulses are delayed and then travel to the Purkinje fibers that make the ventricles contract.
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HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
Cardiovascular diseases:
Atherosclerosis, just one of the many Cardiovascular diseases, are caused by the build-up of plaque (fat) deposits within the arteries.
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HEART AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DISEASES Heart attack: Is the death of cardiac muscle tissue
caused by blockage of one or more coronary arteries. Stroke
Is the death of nervous tissue in the brain, usually caused by a rupture or blockage of arteries in the head.. Hypertension:
High blood pressure, causes atherosclerosis and gives a high risk of a
heart attack and/or a stroke. Hypertension can also be prevented by living a very healthy lifestyle and/or medication.
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References for slide Guestbca131b. (2012). Received from
slideshare.http://www.slideshare.net/guestbca131b/the-heart-and-cardiac-cycle.
Thelawofscience.( 2012) received from slideshare. http://www.slideshare.net/thelawofscience/circulatory-system-10946147
Medicineppt. (2011). Received from slideshare. http://www.slideshare.net/medicineppt/heart-powerpoint-presentation-template
Tctp-cp-science. (2011) received from slideshare. http://www.slideshare.net/tctp-cp-science/circulatory-system-tctp
Debdstein. (2013). Received from slideshare. http://www.slideshare.net/debdstein/circulation-human-heart-shortened-and-revised