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http://www.dilbert.com/
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Impact pathways – a more Impact pathways – a more complete picture …..complete picture …..
Lo
gic
mod
els
Network models
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How change happensHow change happens
“Improvements in poverty alleviation, food security and the state of natural resources result from dynamic, interactive, non-linear, and generally uncertain processes of innovation.”
EIARD, 2003
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How change happensHow change happens
Orlikowski and Hofman, 1997
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What is a network?What is a network?
• A network is a collection of people and / or things that are connected to each other by some kind of relationship. • Many kinds of entities can be part of a network:
people, projects, organisations, documents, events, cities, countries, etc.
• And there are many kinds of relationships that can link such entities, involving transmission or exchange of information, money, goods, affection, influence, infection, etc.
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Airline network
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Road Network
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Simpson Family Network
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Advantages of network modelsAdvantages of network models
• Actor-oriented descriptions: • observable, understandable, verifiable
• Captures real-life complexity:• We are subject to multiple influences• We influence many others• And influence works both ways
• Multi-disciplinary experience with analysis of networks • Sociology, political science, psychology, biology,
physics, information technologies…
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A A network network diagramdiagram
(organisations linked by a project)
Influence pathway: actor + relationship + actor + relationship…
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A A network network matrixmatrix
(existence and type of link, and summary rows and columns)
KN
US
T
IWM
I
UD
S
WR
I
CR
EP
A
ISS
ER
WR
C
FG
s
SG
s
MO
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MA
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UC
RV
AU
CP
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EN
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UR
BA
NE
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FR
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KNUST 1 1 1 1 5 5 3 3 5,6 5 2 2 7 2 13IWMI 2 3 3 5 2 2 6UDS 2 2 3 3 5 6 6WRI 2 2 3 2 4CREPA 2 7 2ISSER 5 5 2WRC 5 5 2FGs 3 3 3 3 6 5SGs 3 3 3 3MOFA 5 6 5 3MAs 5 5 5 3 4UC 2 2 2RVAU 2 2 2 3CPWF 4 4 2ENTERPRISE2 1URBANET 6 1FRANC 7 1
COUNT 14 6 6 3 2 1 1 5 3 1 3 6 3 1 3 1 1code
1 Coordination2 Technical inputs3 Users of info. Provisio of pilot sites4 Funding5 Policy support6 Extension7 Information
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CPWF
CREPA
ENTERPRISE
FGs
FRANC
ISSER
IWMI
KNUST
MAs
MOFA
RVAU
SGs
UC
UDS
URBANET
WRC
WRI
A plotted A plotted network network diagramdiagram
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Today’s tasks…..Today’s tasks…..
1. Identify relevant actors & relationships2. Develop network diagrams for
• Your project now• Residual network 2 years after project
has finished
3. Identify key extension and political support linkages
4. Discuss implications
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1. Identify actors & relationships 1. Identify actors & relationships important for your project nowimportant for your project now• Actor types identified in other workshops:
• International NGO; national NGO; local NGO• Community-based organization (CBO); • Farmers’ group;• University; • National agricultural research organization (NARO); • National agricultural extension organization; • Advanced Research Institute (ARI); • Network organization; • Other Govnt. Agency • CG Centre• Private Sector• Religious organizations• Local Govnt. Organizations• Media• CPWF (theme leader, basin coordinator, managing centre)• Federations and associations• Unregistered advocacy groups• Donor
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• Identify the actors (Org’s and groups) that your project works with• Avoid overlapping categories
• Split them
• Actors should have relatively specific geographic location
• “Farmer groups in pilot sites in Isabela Province”, rather than “farmer groups in Northern Luzon”
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Relationship TypesRelationship Types
1. Administration/ Coor
2. Provision of funding
3. Provision of information
4. Provision of pilot sites
5. Provision of seed
6. Provision of inputs (specify)
6. Research (generally bi-directional)
7. Training / capacity building
8. Outreach of project outputs (scaling out)
9. Provision of / Lobbying for political support (scaling up)
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2. Develop network diagram2. Develop network diagram
• Actors: • Use shape, size & colour and labels to
describe who is involved
• Relationships• Use thickness & colour to describe kinds• Use arrows to describe direction• Don’t use distance/length
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Also Also construct construct
a a network network matrixmatrix(relationship is of row to column actor)
KN
US
T
IWM
I
UD
S
WR
I
CR
EP
A
ISS
ER
WR
C
FG
s
SG
s
MO
FA
MA
s
UC
RV
AU
CP
WF
EN
TE
RP
RIS
E
UR
BA
NE
T
FR
AN
C
CO
UN
T
KNUST 1 1 1 1 5 5 3 3 5,6 5 2 2 7 2 13IWMI 2 3 3 5 2 2 6UDS 2 2 3 3 5 6 6WRI 2 2 3 2 4CREPA 2 7 2ISSER 5 5 2WRC 5 5 2FGs 3 3 3 3 6 5SGs 3 3 3 3MOFA 5 6 5 3MAs 5 5 5 3 4UC 2 2 2RVAU 2 2 2 3CPWF 4 4 2ENTERPRISE2 1URBANET 6 1FRANC 7 1
COUNT 14 6 6 3 2 1 1 5 3 1 3 6 3 1 3 1 1code
1 Coordination2 Technical inputs3 Users of info. Provisio of pilot sites4 Funding5 Policy support6 Extension7 Information
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CPWF
CREPA
ENTERPRISE
FGs
FRANC
ISSER
IWMI
KNUST
MAs
MOFA
RVAU
SGs
UC
UDS
URBANET
WRC
WRI
Map from the matrixMap from the matrix
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And ….. List of actorsAnd ….. List of actors
Acronym Full name Location Org. type Partner type
IRRI Int. Rice Research Institute
Los Baños, Philippines
CG Centre Imple-mentor
MOFA Ministry of Fisheries and Agric.
Accra, Ghana
Govnt. Org. Boundary partner
FGs Farmers Groups
Northern Ghana
Farmer Org Ultimate beneficiary