Download - HTML - Quiz #2 Attendance CODE: 803655
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HTML - Quiz #2Attendance CODE: 803655
http://decal.aw-industries.com
Web Design:Basic to Advanced Techniques
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Web Design:Basic to Advanced Techniques
Today’s AgendaQuiz
Announcements
CSS Introduction
Software
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AnnouncementsMini Project 1 due this morning at 12AM
Mini Project 2
Web Design:Basic to Advanced Techniques
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Web Design:Basic to Advanced Techniques
Spring 2010Tuesdays 7-8pm
200 Sutardja-Dai Hall
CSS Introduction
Web Design:Basic to Advanced Techniques
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What is CSS?Takes our plain-Jane HTML docand turns it into this…
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What is CSS? …continued Cascading Style Sheets
Works by associating styles with HTML elements
Allows us to separate display code from our structural code (HTML)
Allows us to format documents beyond what HTML would allow on its own
Avoids repetition of code Smaller files Less bugs Consistent look
Standardized by WC3 (W3.org) Online validator
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CSS Syntax CSS rules go into a file
with .css extension
body { font-weight: bold; }
selector property value
Rule
Every declaration
Terminated by ;
Style.css
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CSS SelectorsWe need a way to label the HTML elements we want to
style so we can refer to them in our separate CSS code
<p id=“myEle”></p> Style.css
#myEle {font-weight: bold;font-size: 20px;
}
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Element SelectorWe can select HTML elements by their element type
HTML Document
<h1>Image Page</h1>
<img src=“image.gif” />
<p>Here’s a description of the image you see above</p>
CSS Style Sheet
img {
border: 1px solid #333;
}
p {
font-color: #333;
}
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Class / ID SelectorWe can tag HTML elements by giving them an #id or .class
HTML Document
<p id=“description”>Here’s a description of the image you see above</p>
<p class=“extraInfo”>Here’s the photo equipment I used</p>
<p class=“extraInfo”>Here’s where I took the photo</p>
CSS Style Sheet
#description {
font-color: red;
}
.extraInfo {
font-color: blue;
}
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Class / ID Selector ..continued <p id=“myUniqueElement”></p>
IDUsed to identify ONE particular HTML elementMust be unique for entire document
<p class=“groupOfElements”></p>
ClassUsed to identify ONE or MORE HTML elements
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Universal SelectorWe can select all HTML elements
HTML Document
<h1>Image Page</h1>
<img src=“image.gif” />
<p id=“description”>Here’s a description of the image you see above</p>
<p class=“extraInfo”>Here’s the photo equipment I used</p>
<p class=“extraInfo”>Here’s where I took the photo</p>
CSS Style Sheet
* {
font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif;
color: #000;
}
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Pseudo Class Selector<a href=“URL”>Link</a>
a:visited {color: red;
}a:hover {
font-weight: bold;}a:active {
color: blue;}
:visited After a link has been
clicked
:hover When your mouse cursor
is over the HTML object
:active While a link is being
clicked
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Combining SelectorsDescendant (nested)
Selects by nested structurep span { color: red; } .description a { color: blue; }
CombinedSelects between elements of same classp.info { color: red; }a.info { color: #FFF; }
GroupedApplies style to lista, p, span { color: red; }
<p class=“info”>para</p><a class=“info” href=“#”>link</a>
<p class=“description”><a href=“#”>a
link</a> <span>a
span</span></p>
<p class=“description”><a href=“#”>a
link</a> <span>a
span</span></p>
<p class=“description”><a href=“#”>a
link</a> <span>a
span</span></p>
<p class=“info”>para</p><a class=“info” href=“#”>link</a>
<p class=“info”>para</p><a class=“info” href=“#”>link</a>
<p>a para</p><a href=“#”>a link</a><span>a span</span>
<p>a para</p><a href=“#”>a link</a><span>a span</span>
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Specificity <p class=“para” id=“myPara”>Text</p>
p { color: red; }
.para { color: blue; }
#myPara { color: green; }
• What color is the text?
GREEN
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Specificity …continued#id > .class > element
p { color: red; }.para { color: blue; }#myPara { color: green; } TEXTTEXTTEXT
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Attaching CSS StylesAfter we write our CSS rules we need to link our rules to
our HTML documentExternal Style Sheets Inline StylingEmbedded Style Sheets
HTML CSS HTML & CSS
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External Style Sheets
<head>
<link href=”/style.css” rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
•Most common way to link CSS to HTML•CSS and HTML in separate files•Same CSS rules throughout site•Best practice!
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Inline Styling
Useful for single cases
Poor practice to use this extensively throughout site
If applying same style to multiple elements, consider using class instead
<p style=“color: red;”>red text</p>
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Embedded Style Sheets
Like inline styling, only use this for exceptions
If elements in this page are styled differently than the rest of the site
Try to avoid ever using this
Better option is to link to another .CSS file
<head>
<style type="text/css”>p { color: red; }
</style></head>
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Multiple Style SourcesHTML documents can include multiple sources of CSS
stylesA HTML document may link to any number of external style
sheets In addition to those style sheets, the documents may use
inline styling and embedded style sheets
SomeHTMLDoc.html<head>
<link href=”/style.css” rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href=”/style2.css” rel="stylesheet"
type="text/css" /> <link href=”/style3.css” rel="stylesheet"
type="text/css" /> </head>
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Cascade OrderProximity: Inline > Embedded > External
Last style winsRules in last style sheet overwrite previous rules
Style.cssp { color: red; font-weight: bold}
Style2.cssp { color: green; }
Style3.cssp { color: blue; }
<p style=“color: orange;”>some text
</p>
<p>some text
</p>
<p>some text
</p>
<p>some text
</p>
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SoftwareDreamweaver’s tools
Firebug for FirefoxLets you modify CSS in realtimehttp://getfirebug.com/
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Useful CSS All Objects
color: #FFF / #FFFFFF / white; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold / normal; text-decoration: none / underline; background-color: #FFF / #FFFFFF / white;
Block Objects margin: 10px 20px; padding: 10px 20px; background-image: url(‘/images/background.gif’); background-repeat: no-repeat / repeat-x / repeat-y / repeat; background-position: 10px 0px; border: 1px solid #000; text-align: left / center / right;