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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua1
How does a synchrotron radiation source work?
Rolf Landua
CERN
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua2
Main chapters of my talk
What is SESAME?
Production of synchrotron light
SESAME components
Synchrotron light spectrum for experiments
Later today:
SESAME - Status/Prospects (Chris Llewellyn-Smith)
CERN-SESAME parallels and differences (Herwig Schopper)
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua3
What is SESAME?
Production of synchrotron light
SESAME components
Synchrotron light spectrum for experiments
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua4
SESAME is an ‘electron synchrotron’
Very intense beams of X-rays*, infrared and UV light (billion times brighter than Sun)
Allows to study objects that are much smaller than 1 µm (~ cell size)
Energy = 2.5 GeV
Circumference = 133.2 m
Magnet strength = 1.455 T
Max. current = 400 mA (3·1012 e)
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua5
http://www.sesame.org.jo/sesame/
Synchrotron Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East
A “CERN” in the Middle East
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua6
Dead
Sea
SESAME on ‘Google Earth’
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua7
SESAME on ‘Google Earth’
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua8
SESAME building
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Chris Llewellyn-Smith
President SESAME council
Former CERN DG
Herwig Schopper
Former president SESAME council
Former CERN DG
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua11
http://mag.digitalpc.co.uk/fvx/iop/esrf/sesamepeople/
SESAME people: who is already working there?
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua12
Comparison of synchrotron light sources world-wide
SESAME
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua13
What is SESAME?
Production of synchrotron light
SESAME components
Synchrotron light spectrum for experiments
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua14
Synchrotron
Synchrotron light: artificial and natural sources
Crab nebula (neutron star)
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua15
Two important concepts about electromagnetism
e-
+-Electric force on electron (with charge q) in the direction of
the electric field E
F = q · E (Coulomb force)
e-
N
S
Magnetic force on electron (with charge q) is perpendicular
to the direction of the magnetic field B
F = q · v · B (Lorentz force)
Electric fields increase kinetic energy
Magnetic field change the direction
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua16
And what about accelerated charges ?
Whenever a charged particle accelerates it emits electromagnetic waves
Principle of radio station / antenna
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua17
Electrons in a synchrotron emit radiation
SESAME: 𝛾 ~ 5000
Acceleration by magnetic dipole field
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua18
How to increase synchrotron radiation intensity ?
Array of magnets
Lateral deflection of electrons
Broad and incoherent emission spectrum
Higher intensity and energy than
inside a bending magnet
Wiggler
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua19
Undulator
Less powerful magnets —> gentler undulations
Match transverse motion to transit speed:
constructive interference !
Frequency tuneable (alter gap between magnets)
Narrow and coherent emission spectrum
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua20
Overview: Dipole magnet, Wiggler, Undulator
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua21
What is SESAME?
Production of synchrotron light
SESAME components
Synchrotron light spectrum for experiments
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua22
Schematic overview of a Synchrotron Radiation Source
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua23
Environmental science
ArcheologyPhysics
Bio-medicalMaterial science
Layout of the SESAME complex
Microtron
Booster
Storage Ring
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua24
Electrons are generated in an electron gun (like cathode ray tubes in old TVs)
Main steps of SESAME
Acceleration in three steps:
1) Microtron (= linear accelerator, up to 22 MeV)
2) Booster synchrotron (22 - 800 MeV)
3) Storage ring (800 - 2500 MeV)
t
Energy
22 MeV
800 MeV
2500 MeV
Booster
SESAME Storage Ring
Microtron
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua25
Overview: Synchrotron light source animation
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua26
Step 1a - electron gun
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua27
Step 1b : the Microtron (up to 22 MeV)
linear accelerator
Bending magnet Bending magnet
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua28
Step 2 : the Booster (up to 800 MeV)
Booster = BESSY I 0.8 GeV synchrotron
decommissioned at BESSY, Berlin, Germany in 1999
donated to the SESAME project
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua29
Step 2 : the Booster (up to 800 MeV)
Mr. Salameh, Mayor of Salt City, Jordan, and Herman Winick (SLAC)
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua30
Step 3 : the Storage Ring (up to 2500 MeV)
16 Dipole magnets (CERN)
CESSAMAG project: European Union grant €5 million
CERN supplies magnetic system allowing for the completion of the main ring
CERN is the main contractor, coordinates the delivery of the magnet system.
+ 64 quadrupole magnets
+ 64 sextupole magnets
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua31
Other important components
RF cavities
(compensate for lost energy)
Vacuum pumps
(no scattering)
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua32
What is SESAME?
Production of synchrotron light
SESAME components
Synchrotron light spectrum for experiments
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua33
Animation: emission of synchrotron radiation
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua34
Synchrotron light is very, very bright
x 1,000,000,000
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua35
Brilliance (“concentration”) of SESAME light
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua36
Synchrotron “light” covers a wide range of wavelengths
WIDE RANGE OF
EXPERIMENTS:
- Material science
- Molecular biology
- Archeology
- Medicine
- Environmental studies
- AND MANY OTHERS
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua37
Advantages of synchrotron light sources
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua38
… incredibly detailed pictures
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CERN-SESAME School 2015 Rolf Landua39
(Talk by H. Abualrob)
World-class tool for many fields of science