Download - HK's Polluting Buses (2 Nov 09)
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““
Hong Kong’s
POLLUTING BUSESA Major Threat to Human Health
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25% of all RSP (Respirable Suspended Particulates) 27% of all NOx (Oxides of Nitrogen)
Of road vehicles, commercial diesel vehicles (buses & trucks) contribute 80-90% of roadside RSP and NOx
Road vehicles are the 2nd largest source of air pollution in HK
Source: LegCo Panel in Environmental Affairs, 20 Dec 2006
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Source: Verbal Statement by Edward Yau, LegCo Panel on Environmental Affairs, 29 July 2009
• 40% of roadside emissions come from buses
• On busy corridors, franchised buses contribute: 15% RSP 26% NOx
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Composition of Bus FleetSource: HK Department of Transport July 2009
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ROADSIDE EMISSIONSfrom commercial vehicles are the major threat to our health, not Guangdong
53% of the time, the dominant source of HK air pollution is LOCAL
Source: HKUST
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The pollution concentration at roadside is much higher than that released several hundred feet above the ground by, say, power plants. It is concentration exposure which is determinative of harm to human health.
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Source: HK Department of Transport July 2009
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How do diesel bus fumes affect our health?
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Diesel bus fumes contain:
• Particulate Matter (PM)
can cause acute and chronic lung disease
• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) +
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs),
react together in sunlight to form ground-level OZONE
• OZONE and NOx
can cause acute and chronic lung impairment
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• The bus fleet can be divided between FRANCHISED (5768) and NON-FRANCHISED buses (7068).
• Both classes are subject to the same regulations, but franchised buses are subject to franchise agreements which fix routes, costs and conditions of operation.
• None of these licensing frameworks set ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS*.
*There is a control on smoke emissions, but the assessment is based on superficial factors, which are not necessarily to tied to health impacts.
LAWS AND REGULATIONS
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Being controlled by only 5 companies, franchise buses represent the biggest opportunity for immediate clean-up of air pollution impacting human health. In comparison, the non-franchised bus fleet’s ownership is more fragmented and complex.
WHY FOCUS ON FRANCHISE BUSES?
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• 75% of buses are OLD and DIRTY (pre-Euro, Euro I and Euro II standard)
• Less than 1% of the buses have adopted the Euro IV standard
• Given the current rates of retirement, bus companies will be left with heavily polluting fleets over the next 20 years
Hong Kong’s Franchised Bus Fleet
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HONG KONG’S BUS FLEETBY EURO STANDARDS
58194 228
63
37269 414 390 419
1
347
1037
571
416
234
4
136
419
200 18854
112 72 22
250 530
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Pre
92
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Euro 4
Euro 3
Euro 2
Euro 1
Pre-Euro
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What are the differences between Euro buses in terms of emissions?
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Emissions by Euro StandardPARTICULATE MATTER (PM)
No Limit Pre-Euro
CA
RB
ON
MO
NO
XID
E (
CO
)O
XID
ES
of N
ITR
OG
EN
(NO
x)
4.5 g/kWh 14 g/kWh
Euro 3
Euro 2
Euro 1
Euro 4Euro 5
0.36 g/kWh
Pre-Euro
*This rendering measures emissions in 3 dimensions.
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Current legislation requires that new buses must be Euro IV or higher. However, some of the dirtiest buses will be on the road until 2019. Thus, we urge the Government to:
•Eliminate older, more polluting buses from the streets as soon as possible by
– Setting an earlier date by which ALL buses must meet stricter mandatory emissions standards (Euro III is proposed); OR
– Mandating the early retirement of all pre-Euro, Euro I and Euro II buses by a fixed date (Measure 2. of Phase I of Govt’s proposed package)
•Adopt a significant percentage of hybrid/clean-tech buses by a fixed date, like London. (Measure 22. of Phase II of Govt’s proposed package)
WHAT SHOULD THE GOVERNMENT DO?
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• Review the bus franchise agreements to:
– Incorporate environmental performance standards
– Offer variable franchise time lengths based on the use / disuse of environment-friendly bus technologies (i.e., longer franchises granted for major capital investments by bus companies.)
– Conduct “green competition”, namely, the use of more efficient vehicles and environment-friendly policies, as part of the bidding criteria
• Reduce or waive the Transport Department’s annual license for buses that meet the Euro IV standard, and charge higher licensing fees for vehicles that are below Euro III standard
WHAT SHOULD THE GOVERNMENT DO?
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What CAN we do?
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CAN is encouraging Hong Kongers to speak out about air pollution by SIGNING THE PETITION
FOR CLEAN AIR!
“Air pollution is Hong Kong’s most serious public health crisis, killing over 1,100 people every year. I urge the government to improve our air quality until pollution is no longer a significant threat to our health.
• Adopting the WHO Air Quality Guidelines and setting an early date to comply.
• Focusing clean-up measures on roadside emissions, the biggest local source of health impacts.
• Improving accountability by reporting the health impacts of air pollution every year.”
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Support CAN and sign the Petition for
Clean Air NOW!www.hongkongcan.org