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History of Journalism
Prepared by:
Md. Mahbubul Haque Osmani
Lecturer, MSJ, ULAB
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Prehistoric and Ancient Periods
Acta Diurna(latin: Daily Actssometimestranslated as Daily Public Records)
RomanActa Diurna, appearing around 59 B.C.
Earliest recorded newspaper
Julius Caesar wanted to inform the public
- social and political happenings, ordered
upcoming events posted in major cities Written on large white boards
Displayed in popular place
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin -
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Prehistoric and Ancient Periods
Acta Diurna,informed about government
scandals, military campaigns, trials and
execution
After the emperor collapsed, news
dissemination depended on travelers tales,
songs and ballads, letters, and governmental
dispatches. In 8thCentury China, the first newspaper
appeared as hand-written news sheets in
Beijing.
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Renaissance and the Printing Press
Invention of the movable type printing
press, attributed to Johannes Gutenberg
in 1456. Printed Gutenberg Bible
Born in Mainz, Germany (1398-1468)
Gutenberg is supposed to invented
movable type printing pressin 1450
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Renaissance and the Printing Press
First newspapers appeared in Europe in the 17thcentury.
First printed periodical was the Mercurius
Gallobelgicus, first appeared in Cologne, newGermany, in 1592
First regularly published newspaper was theOxford Gazette, first appearing in 1665
An earlier news book, the Continuation of OurWeekly News, had been published regularly inLondon since 1623
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Renaissance and the Printing Press
First daily newspaper, theDaily Currant,
appeared in 1702 and continued publication
for more than 30 years.
Its first editor was also the first women in
journalism
By this time British had adopted the Press
Restriction Act, which required that the
printers name and place of publication be
included n each printed document.
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Journalism in America First newspaper in the colonies-
Publick Occurances
- First American Newspaper, 1690 Boston- Published by Benjamin Harris
- The paper was shut down after one issue
cause alleged an affair between the King ofFrance and his sons wife
- A paper had to have royal consent to be
published
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Journalism in America Boston News Letter
- In 1704
- John Campbell, the local Boston Postmaster- Published with royal permission
- Paper was dull and monotonous
- Only 300 subscribers and never made a profit
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Journalism in America theNew England Currant
- First real colonial newspaper
- Published by James Franklin, Bens older
brother
- Aligned with party interest and did not publishbalance content
- Ben Franklin was first published in hisbrothers newspaper, under the pseudonym
Silence Do Good, in 1722, and even hisbrother did not know.
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Journalism in America Pennsylvania Gazettein 1729
- After James Franklin suspended publication of
the Curant, Ben Franklin moved to
Philadelphia in 1728 and took over the
Pennsylvania Gazette the following year.
- Ben retired age of 42/ Successful career
- Started several papers, published one of
Americas first magazines, editorial cartoon,
sell advertising copy
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Journalism in America By the 1770s, 89 newspapers were published
in 35 cities in America.
Newspapers flourished in the new republic by
1800, there were about 234 being published.
In 1820, there were 24 dailies, 66 semi or
triweeklies and 422 weeklies
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The Penny Press New York Sun, in 1833
Benjamin Day launched it when 22 years old
Days idea was to sell daily paper for a penny(price reduction from the 6 cents a copy for
other big city dailies)
Sun: local news, sex, violence and human
interest stories and absent political debates
Sunattracted readers and the penny press
was launched
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The Penny Press First newspaper to fit the modern definition
as a newspaper was the New York Herald,
founded in 1835 and published by James
Gordon Bennett.
Another importance pioneer was Horace
Greely New York Tribuneappeared in
1841.
As soon as their penny papers were
successful, they doubled the price.
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Significant of The Penny Press
Success of the mass press during 1833-1860
Prior of penny press, most newspaperseconomic support came from subscription
revenue Large circulation of the penny papers made
advertisers realization by purchasing space
Assuring advertisers a broad-based audience
Vendors would buy a hundred copies for 67cents and sell them for 1 cent each
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Significant of The Penny Press
Soon it became to hear newsboys hawkingpapers on street concern in larger cities
Penny pressredefined the concept of news
Hiring people to go out and look for news Reporters were assigned to special beats: police,
financial, sports, religion etc
Also foreign correspondents Newspapers emphasized to the social lifeof the
rising middle classes
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Journalism in India The Portugueseintroduced the printing press
in Goa, in 1557.
British East India Company brought about the
printing press in India and first press was
strolled at Bombay in 1674.
Yet there was no newspaper being published
for another 100 years.
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Journalism in India
September 1768, William Bolts, ex-
servant of the East India Company,
informing the public by a notice that thewant of a printing press
But by the Councils pressureMr. Bolts
was forcibly removed to the boat andtaken away from India and nothing came
his offer
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Journalism in India Bengal Gazette(English weekly) published by
James Augustus Hicky in 1780 January 29th on
Saturday, in Calcutta.
It was the first news paper in South Asian sub-
continent
Bengal Gazettealias HickysGazette,
Calcutta General Advertiser
Declaration a weekly political and commercial
paper open to all but influenced by none
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Journalism in India Bengal Gazettecould not survive more than
two years due to sharp confrontation with
Governor General Warren Hastings and Chief
Justice Elijah Impey
Raja Ram Mohan Roy published out free
newspapers magazines in the year 1821,
namely Sambad Kaumudi (Bengali), Mirat-Ul-Akbar (Persian), Brahamanical(English).
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Journalism in East Bengal
Rangapur Bartabaha: (1847, August-September,Weekly)
- Enterprise and initial financial help of the
landlord Kalichoron Roy in Kundi of Rangpur- Director and editor was Guruchoron Roy
- Published from Bartabaha Press in Rangpur
- Published every Tuesday
- Very oldest newspaper in Bangladesh
- Number of circulation was 100 copies
- Yearly price 6 rupees
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Journalism in East Bengal
Dhaka News: (1856, 18 April, Weekly)
- The first newspaper in Dhaka and the second
newspaper of Bangladesh
- Published from Dhaka Press
- Editor was Alexandar Fox
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