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History and origin of Teshekpuk Lake caribou: development of molecular markers
History and origin of Teshekpuk Lake caribou: development of molecular markers
CARMA Network
Kris Hundertmark, Kevin Colson & Karen Hibbard RodeKris Hundertmark, Kevin Colson & Karen Hibbard Rode
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Landscape genetics of Alaska wildlife: effects of changing environments on
population structure
Objective: determine drivers of structure in natural populations and the
effect of change thereon
Landscape genetics of Alaska wildlife: effects of changing environments on
population structure
Objective: determine drivers of structure in natural populations and the
effect of change thereon
CARMA Network
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http://www.absc.usgs.gov/research/caribou/images/herd-map.jpg
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• North Slope caribou are critical subsistence resources for local residents
• Residents of Barrow, Atqasuk, & Nuiqsut harvest 6000-7000 subsistence caribou annually, 70% of which come from TCH
• Conservation of North Slope herds is central to food security
CARMA Network
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• (Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center. Library and Archives General Photograph File
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Teshekpuk herd
• TCH recognized as a herd since 1978
• Currently ~65,000 animals
• Anecdotal evidence of interbreeding between caribou and reindeer in area
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Caribou populations are irregularly cyclic
• Teshekpuk and Central Arctic are growing
• Western Arctic and Porcupine are shrinking
• Many herds across Canada are decreasing
• Indirect evidence of population structure on North Slope
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• Previous work showed little difference among North Slope herds
• Did not sample Teshekpuk extensively (n = 3)
• Used markers that were linked to functional genes
• Results not surprising but not relevant
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Central Arctic, Porcupinecaribou mingleThere is now evidence that caribou mixbetween all of the North Slope caribouherds, the Porcupine, Central Arctic andWestern Arctic herds. Using analysis ofDNA, researchers from the University ofAlaska, Texas A&M University and the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture found that caribou in the three herds are genetically related. This reflects migration of animals between the herds over many generations.
Source: ANWR Information Brief, Arctic Power
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Questions
• What are origins of Teshekpuk Herd?– Reindeer—caribou hybridization?– Satellite of Central Arctic or Western Arctic
herds?– Always existed but was at low levels when we
first started studying caribou?
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Objectives
• Determine potential for molecular markers to differentiate between caribou and reindeer– AFLP– microsatellites
• Use markers to detect hybrids
• Use markers to differentiate among caribou herds
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LARS, RRPCaribou, reindeer,hybrids
Central Arctic Herd
Mulchatna Herd
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AFLP resultsAnimals assigned to group based
on genetic similarity
Mulchatna LARS caribou LARS hybrids LARS reindeerR
RP
rei
ndee
r
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Microsatellite markers—allele size ranges
Moose(low diversity)
Caribou(high diversity)
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What is the most likely number of groups based on microsatellite variation?
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Principal Coordinates (1 vs 2)
Axis 1
Axis
2 CaribouHybridReindeer
Principal Coordinates (1 vs 3)
Axis 1
Axis
3 CaribouHybridReindeer
Axes 1-3 explain 27, 20 and 15 % of variation respectively.
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Conclusions
• AFLPs not informative for caribou
• Microsats are useful for discrimination between caribou/reindeer & detection of hybrids
• Further work may allow discrimination among herds
• Need to increase sample sizes and include more herds
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Extension to other species
• Muskox – genetically depauperate – We have generated repeatable AFLP markers
• Sitka black-tailed deer– Use of Structure to differentiate among deer
populations at fine scales
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Acknowledgments: EPSCoR
IAB CARMA
Acknowledgments: EPSCoR IAB CARMA
Questions?Questions?
CARMA Network
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Acknowledgments: EPSCoR IAB
Acknowledgments: EPSCoR IAB
Questions?Questions?