High Temperature Heat Pumps and Compressor Optimization
Dr. Eric Winandy
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 2
Controls, 15%
Others, 2%
SHs, 19%Scrolls,
64%
Emerson Climate Technologies Europe: At-a-Glance
European Manufacturing Facilities
Sales €334 M
Employees 1,489
2011
Major HP Customers:
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 3
Heat Pump Standard Temperatures
Low Temperature
– 35°C
Medium Temperature
– 45°C
High Temperature
– 55°C
Very High Temperature
– 65°C
EN14511 (COP)
EN14825 (SCOP)
Scope of this
presentation
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 4
Major Challenges
High Temperature Heat Pump
High Temperature Lift
Efficiency: COP, SCOP
Heating capacity: at low ambient
Operating Map: High Discharge T°
Air
Water
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 5
Heat Pump Water Temperatures and COP
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
H-C
OP
Outdoor Temp [ºC]
Optimised Two Stage60% Isoentropic Eff
30 ºC
40 ºC
50 ºC
60 ºC
70 ºC
80 ºC
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 6
“The trend towards two stage domestic heat pumps is essential if we want to improve from the present efficiency plateau of the marketed heat pumps”.
Prof Favrat, Zurich 2008
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 7
What is a two-stage Heat pump?
Booster
Cascade
Vapour Injection
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 8
2-Stage Compression - BOOSTERm + i
Condenser
Evaporatorm
HX
i
P
h
Efficiency, Heating capacity and op map: OK
But Complexity: 2 Compressors, Controls, Oil Management
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 9
P
h
Condenser
Evaporator m1
Evaporator 2nd
Condenser 1st
m2
High Stage
Low Stage
Refrigerant 2
Refrigerant 1
2-Stage Compression - CASCADE
Efficiency, Heating capacity and op map: OK
But Complexity: 2 Compressors, Controls
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 10
m
HX
Vapour Injection
Scroll
Condenser
Evaporatorm
i+
i
P
h
2-Stage Compression- VAPOUR INJECTION
Efficiency, Heating capacity and op map: OK
Simple : 1 Compressor, Controls, Oil Mgt
Same as single Stage Application
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 11
Summary Application and Compressor Technology
Heat Source Temperature
Wate
r Te
mp
era
ture
Flo
or
Rad
iato
r
Ground
Air
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
-30.0 -20.0 -10.0 0.0 10.0 20.0
Underfloor Heating
Radiator/DHW
Air/Water w/Radiator
What is next?Moduation-Variable Speed
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 13
Variable Speed ZHW**K1P
Compressor Component:
BPM Motor
Oil pump
EVI Component:
Shell Fitting
Dog Bone & O-rings
O-Ring
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 14
Fixed Speed Compressors SimulationAverage Climate (A)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
-10 -5 0 5 10 15
kW
Outdoor Ambient Temperature ºC
Bivalent
Point
Back-up
Electrical
Heater
Need
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 15
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-10 -5 0 5 10 15
kW
Outdoor Ambient Temperature ºC
Variable Speed CompressorAverage Climate (A)
Smaller Electrical Heater
Or
No Need At All
• Higher Compressor Efficiency
(Permanent Magnet Motor)
• Better Temperature Control
• Higher Comfort
• Reduced Compressor Cycling
Variable Speed
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 16
Simulated Systems CharacteristicsThree Different R410A Heat Pump Solutions
Defrost Included
– Same De-rating And Scheme For All Three Systems
Fan Power Consumption Considered
Water Pump And Other Aux Not Included
System # #1 – ZH12 #2 – ZHI11 #3 – ZHW16
Refrigerant R410A R410A R410A
Heating Optimised Yes Yes Yes
Enhanced Vapour Injection
(EVI) No Yes Yes
Motor Induction InductionPermanent
Magnets
Modulation Fixed Speed Fixed Speed Variable Speed
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 17
3.94.0
4.4
2.8
3.1
3.7
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
Fixed Speed Fixed Speed EVI Variable Speed EVI
SCO
P
SCOP Simulation ResultsComp W35 SCOP
Comp W55 SCOP
Seasonal Performance Calculation
EVI Effect
• Variable Speed Brings
Substantial SCOP
Increase To The System
• EVI (Enhanced Vapour
Injection) Effect Higher
At Higher Pressure
Ratio (Higher Water
Temperature)
• Variable Speed Scroll
Optimised For Higher
Pressure Ratio (Higher Water Temperature)
• High Water
Temperature Mandatory
For Retrofit Application
VS Effect
Eric Winandy, Emerson Climate Technologies
High temperature heat pumps and compressor optimization, Page 18
Conclusions
High Temperature Heat Pump Is A Challenging Technology
2 Stage Refrigeration Circuit Can Improve Substantially The COP And Heating Capacity At High Temperature Lift
Optimised Scroll Technology And Vapour Injection Allow High Temperature Operation While Increasing The Heat Pump SCOP. It Achieves A 2 Stage Within One Compressor
Variable Speed Technology Substantially Increases The
SCOP Of A/W Heat Pumps
Thank you for yourattention!Questions?