Download - Helmet - LNTECC
Environment SafetyHealth Oct - Dec 2013 • Volume - 4 • Issue - 3
HelmetSafety Month kicks off with
Zero Incident as goal
FocusContentsThis issue of Helmet covers an interesting
collection of EHS based stories that range from electrical safety, water conservation, dust protection to safe piling operations. Helmet also welcomes on board Mr. Stephen Phillip Storey, who has joined us recently, as Head – EHS, of Heavy Civil Infrastructure. He brings with him a rich and varied, world-wide experience in the domain of EHS. Wishing Mr. Storey all success in his career with L&T.
The lead story is on the safety month inaugural function held at HQ which has spurred several interesting and meaningful activities at the sites and at HQ as well. A glimpse of the road safety week walkathon also finds a place in this issue apart from other EHS events including appreciation and certifications.
Hope that you find these articles useful and interesting.
Happy reading.
Human chain in the form of L&T Logo done as part of safety month celebrations at one of PT&D (International) project sites at UAE.
Editor : V. S. Ramana
Editorial team : Vinod Jacob Chacko
V. Ramesh Kumar | Gopi Kannan. S
Ashwin Chand | Mayura. K
Subha Anand | Shamala Nadendla
Content by : M. Kamarajan | P. Nagarajan
R.N.Tripathy | Kumar Shailendra
Md Quaisar Imam
Sathyanarayana Seelamanthula
Murali Krishnan | P.V. Kaliappan
Nick Abalde | V. Balaji
Mathivanan Palaniappan
S. Anantha Prasanna Venkatesh
Photography : V. S. Natanavelu | R. Vijay Kumar
Design & layout : Global Print Design, Chennai
Buildings and Factories ...............................
Transportation Infrastructure .......................
Heavy Civil Infrastructure .......................
Water & Effluent Treatment ............................
Power Transmission & Distribution ..........................
Larsen & Toubro Oman ..................................
Metallurgical And Material Handling .........
323537405356
6
3HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Ushering in the New Year with a focus on EHSSafety month inauguration
As is customary at L&T, January was again observed as
‘Safety Month’ and was kicked off with an Inaugural
Function at L&T Construction’s HQ in Manapakkam
that saw a fair representation of the leadership team as well
as employees.
‘To achieve the goal of ZERO INCIDENT’, was what
Mr. M.V. Satish, Senior Vice President & Head - Buildings
& Factories IC, emphasized in his welcome address, and
the need for all stakeholders including line leaders, HR,
P&M, Procurement and other Service Units to participate in
achieving this objective. He highlighted the initiatives taken
up through “Suraksha Jeet” which was launched by KV & SNS
to institutionalize best EHS practices, across project businesses.
He also mentioned about the Safety Innovation School
(SiS) at Kancheepuram that is being established to provide
experiential learning on safety covering practical aspects of
high risk activities.
Though there was significant improvement in L&T
Construction’s EHS performance, he warned that there was
still a long way to go and urged everyone to provide unstinted
support and guidance to take EHS to greater heights and help
the organization attain global EHS benchmarking across all its
operations.
Mr. Kumar Shailendra Chief – Environment Health &
Safety (EHS) Manager, PT&D then administered the safety
pledge.
In his inaugural speech, Mr. S. N. Subrahmanyan,
Member of the Board & Senior Executive Vice President
(Infrastructure & Construction) stressed the role of safety in
the construction business. He sought further improvement
in the Company’s safety performance and greater effort
to achieve global benchmarking in EHS implementation.
EHS implementation, he felt, was a collective responsibility
that required a positive mindset. He emphasized the need
to aim for zero incidents across operations and urged the
safety team to explore possibilities of unique technological
interventions which could improve EHS implementation
without deviations including housekeeping.
4 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Sharing a perspective on the journey of Suraksha Jeet,
Mr. K N Sen, Head, Health Safety & Environment (HSE),
HCP said that the effort was to align EHS implementation
levels with global standards though a comprehensive,
organization-wide program for safety cultural
transformation. He informed that around 30 EHS initiatives
for selective implementation at project businesses were
being taken up through Suraksha Jeet and thanked the
leadership team for their unstinted support.
Mr. V. Balaji, Head, Environment Health & Safety (EHS),
W&RE IC, announced the events for the month long
celebrations which included Road Safety Walkathon, Road
Safety Awareness Program, EHS Quiz Competition, First-aid
and CPR, Domestic Safety, Housekeeping Campaign, Fire
Drill, Safety Exhibition, Office Ergonomics, EHS Slogan and
Poster Competitions.
In his vote of thanks, Mr. M Kamarajan, Advisor,
Environment Health & Safety (EHS), B&F IC thanked
the gathering for their participation and reiterated the
importance of communication and the role of EHS personnel
in facilitating EHS implementation in coordination with
the line management. He said that visible demonstration
of commitment to safety would play a key role in effective
implementation of EHS endeavors. On behalf of the EHS
team, he reaffirmed the commitment to take the journey
forward towards safety cultural transformation.
Mr. M.V. Satish, Senior Vice President & Head - Buildings & Factories delivered the welcome address
Mr. M.V. Satish, Senior Vice President & Head - Buildings & Factories delivered the welcome address
5HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
The construction work for the Safety Innovation School (SiS), at L&T Kanchipuram Campus began on, 3rd January 2014 with a ground breaking ceremony.
The foundation stone was laid by Mr. M.V. Satish, Senior Vice President & Head - Buildings & Factories IC and several senior executives participated in this milestone event.
SiS is being developed on global standards and will have the distinction of being the first such school in the construction sector in India. SiS will provide experiential learning on safety that covers practical aspects of high risk activities. This school will therefore house several unique facilities which envisage the use of state-of-the art technologies, lecture halls, practical halls, simulation of site conditions thereby enhancing the effect of such safety education by experiencing live on-site activities and practical hazards prevailing at construction sites.
This initiative is aligned to the organization’s commitment towards achieving excellence in safety and bringing about a safety cultural transformation through ‘Suraksha Jeet’.
Some of the facilities envisaged:
y Simulation for ladders, fall from height, walkway access and scaffolds
y Rigging
y Confined space
y Smoke chamber
y Soil collapse simulation
y Material handling methodology
y Falling objects simulation
y Tunnel simulation
Safety Innovation School takes root at Kanchipuram
6 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Mumbai International Airport Project January 2013 to December 2013
The Address - Wadhwa Housing Project, Ghatkopar January 2010 to December 2013
Rajashree cement plant project, Malkhed March 2011 to December 2013
Vicat Sagar Project July 2010 to December 2013
Manikgarh cement plant project, Chandrapur March 2011 to December 2013
Torrent Pharmaceuticals Project, Dahej September 2011 to December 2013
TCS project, Kochi October 2011 to December 2013
DLF Capital Greens Project, Delhi March 2013 to December 2013
Cognizant Elcot IT Park Project, Sholinganallur October 2012 to December 2013
ESIC Hospital Project, Kollam April 2010 to December 2013
RMZ Galleria Project, BangaloreFebruary 2011 to December 2013
Prestige Bella Vista Project, ChennaiApril 2012 to December 2013
ITC Sonar Hotel Project, Kolkata August 2009 to December 2013
Godrej Garden City Ph-III Project, Ahmedabad July 2011 to December 2013
Oberoi Exquisite phase-I Project, Goregaon December 2009 to December 2013
CESC Shopping Mall Project, KolkataJuly 2010 to December 2013
Omkar Rehab project, Malad July 2011 to December 2013
BMRCL R3-P1 Project, Bengaluru July 2009 to December 2013
TCS Customer Care Centre, Siruseri April 2012 to December 2013
CMRL Depot project, Koyambedu December 2010 to December 2013
Wadhwa Project, BKC December 2010 to December 2013
SNU Project, DadriOctober 2011 to December 2013
IIT Phase I Project, Hyderabad December 2012 to December 2013
Minerva Tower Project, MumbaiJuly 2011 to December 2013
BMRCL R3a Project, BengaluruJanuary 2010 to December 2013
Omkar Rehab project, BhoiwadaJune 2011 to December 2013
TCS IT SEZ project, Adibatla, Hyderabad August 2012 to December 2013
AIIMS Project, Jodhpur February 2012 to December 2013
Jaypee Orchards Project, Delhi August 2012 to December 2013
34109
8
7
6
23
20181615
14
13
11
Buildings & Factories
Helmet congratulates the following sites for achieving three million and more LTI free safe man-hours
SafetyRoll of Honour
6 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
7HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
354
Lodha New Cuffe Parade Project, WadalaMarch 2012 to December 2013
IREO Rise project, Mohali March 2012 to December 2013
Olympia Grande Project, ChennaiJune 2012 to December 2013
HCL Technologies Project, ChennaiMarch 2013 to December 2013
Mahatma Mandir – Ph II Project, Ahmedabad May 2012 to December 2013
Ahuja Tower Project, MumbaiNovember 2012 to December 2013
Hill Crest Project, BengaluruJuly 2012 to December 2013
Kingfisher Tower Project, Bengaluru October 2011 to December 2013
Jaypee Kube Project, Delhi August 2012 to December 2013
DLF Maiden Heights Ph – I Project, Bengaluru November 2012 to December 2013
PBEL Ph-II Project, HyderabadAugust 2011 to December 2013
Vaishnavi Terraces Project, Bengaluru November 2012 to December 2013
HCL Ph III Project, Noida January 2013 to December 2013
UP AWAS Vikas Basement Project, Ghaziabad August 2012 to December 2013
RG1 Car Park Project, Mumbai February 2013 to December 2013
M3M Golf Estate Ph 2A Project, Gurgaon October 2012 to December 2013
Experion Wind Chants Project, Gurgaon February 2013 to December 2013
Hyderabad Metro Rail Project November 2013 to December 2013
BARC Project, Trombay June 2012 to December 2013
Buildings & Factories
The past three issues of ‘Helmet’, dealt with
‘Competence Building Workshop’ for EHS staff, ‘EHS
Leadership Workshop’ for PMs / CMs, pro-active EHS
performance monitoring systems, DPR Vs DSR (Daily Progress
Report Vs. Daily Safety Report), ‘Safe-to-start-Work’ card
systems etc. taking the organization to the 4th (proactive)
and 5th (Generative) levels of safety culture. This issue deals
with an examination of whether the organization is on the
right path based on several constructive comments that
were received from certain quarters for which the reference
is ‘Modern Principles of Safety Management’, proposed by
Dan Petersen in his book ‘Safety Management – A Human
Approach’. These principles have been adopted and practiced
very successfully by world-class business leaders in their
organizations, who have been able to establish a ‘generative’
culture among their employees and achieve zero tolerance
to unsafe practices and conditions.
Principle 1An unsafe act, unsafe condition, and an accident: symptoms of something wrong in the management system
The focus here shifts from ‘accidents’ to unsafe acts and
Major Injuries
Minor Injuries
Near Misses
‘At Risk’ Behaviour
Message from B&F IC
Principles of Safety Management
8 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
conditions that need to be captured by requesting ALL engineers and managers to issue ‘safety improvement slips’ to workmen and
the frontline supervisors, for taking corrective measures. The focus moves from ‘symptoms’ to ‘root causes’ for evolving permanent
solutions. The move is from ‘actual severity’ to ‘potential severity’ of incidents, while deciding the ‘depth of investigation’. These
are being done to improve competence of staff members across to focus on root causes. ALL employees are encouraged to ‘report’
near misses, suggestions and hazards at the work place directly to the management using the upward communication mechanism
of ‘Toll-free number’.
Principle 2Certain set of circumstances, which can cause severe injuries, can be identified and controlled
Towards this, the ‘Safe-to-start-Work’ card has been made
mandatory for activities at a height and recommended for all
other activities as well. All project sites have been requested to
introduce access control mechanisms at staircases and hoists to
ensure that only authorized personnel, with appropriate PPE, are
allowed to go to higher levels of working at the project site.
Principle 3Safety should be managed like any other company function. Efforts toward safety should be directed by setting achievable goals with plans, organization and control to achieve them.
Moving away from the ‘reactive’ goals to ‘proactive’ goals, the aim is to facilitate various Functions / Clusters / Projects to establish their own EHS improvement programme(s) with targets (for permanent risk reduction through engineering controls) and help achieve them. It is strongly advocated that safety should be managed using the proven management process of PDCA (Plan, Do, Check and Act), rather than depending only on PPE (Personal Protective Equipment), training and other safety promotions!
Principle 4The key to effective line safety performance is the management procedures that fix accountability
A proactive EHS performance monitoring system has been devised that is linked to various forms of incentives and appraisal
processes. Accountability is imperative for performance and this principle incorporates essential elements of an effective
accountability system, as listed below:
y Established formal standards for EHS behaviour and performance (proactive)
y Resources provided to meet those standards
y An effective (and transparent) system of measurement
y Effective consequences based on the measurement and
consistent application of the consequences
y Periodic evaluation of the effectiveness of the whole
accountability process
The proactive EHS performance monitoring system meets all
the above criteria with special emphasis on the 2nd bullet point
Buildings & Factories
9HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
regarding the resources to be provided to employees
for fulfilling their responsibilities, before holding them
accountable for their EHS performance. The idea of
emphasizing this point is because; under no circumstances should budgetary provision be a constraint for EHS implementation.
Principle 5The function of safety is to locate and define operational errors that cause accidents by putting known and effective controls in place or by finding out the root causes of accidents.
A software is presently being sourced which will facilitate
identification of all possible root causes for the failure of
controls, as well as incidents / accidents, in addition to the
focus on ‘why-why analysis’ in the approach.
Principle 6The causes of unsafe behaviour can be identified, classified and controlled. Some of them are: overload, traps and decisions to err.
The theory of blaming workmen for the accidents
(carelessness/ overconfidence etc.) is being done away
with as part of investigation findings. It is presupposed
that unsafe behaviour of the workmen was caused by
something which needs to be established as part of the investigation.
Principle 7Unsafe behaviour is the result of people reacting to the environment.
Frontline engineers are being urged to think about the environment in which the activities are being carried out by them so that hazards can be identified and controls put in place, through a mechanism of ‘safe-to-start-work’ cards. Such self-regulatory mechanisms will influence thinking and result in appropriate work instructions given for the overall benefit of the organization and people.
Principle 8Three sub systems in building an effective safety system
are: Physical, managerial and behavioural
This principle traces the movement from technical improvements to systems and procedures (to ensure that the improvements are captured permanently) and thence
Buildings & Factories
Event/ Condition
Subevent/ Condition
Subevent/ Condition
Subevent/ Condition
Subevent/ Condition
Root Cause
Subevent/ Condition
Subevent/ Condition
Why?
Why?Why?
Why? Why?
Human error
Error Violation
Skill based Mistakes Routine
Slips
LapsExceptional
SituationalRules based
Knowledge based
10 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
We assume that everybody understands their responsibility on safety – but, unless we communicate, people may misunderstand that we are not interested in safety. So beware!
Golden Rule number 2
Assuming that our subordinates have heard and understood what was told to them, do they really believe in what we communicate? ‘Seeing is believing’ not so much as what they hear. Hence our accent has to be on ‘doing’ (visible demonstration of our commitment to safety) things – than just ‘talking’ about it. After all, we all know that we will only achieve the level of safety excellence that we demonstrate as our desired goal!
Golden rule number 3
Even if our subordinates understand and believe in our communication, we have to hold them accountable to it. What we mean here is accountability related to proactive performance monitoring rather than reactive performance monitoring, which is done after the accident!
When safety teams follow these three golden rules of communication, they are considered to be difficult people – yes, they are like sand paper that rubs against others. It may sometimes be painful for others, but the people who were rubbed against, end-up polished and the sand paper wears out and is thrown in the dust bin – safety people are proud to be catalysts in helping polish others.
When all of us follow the above three rules of communication, principle 10 will get implemented automatically!
With best wishes for very positive days ahead!
M. KamarajanHead - EHS
Buildings & Factories
to self-motivated people (to implement the systems) and finally to a regular cultural intervention (to ensure that employees possess a positive culture towards safety perennially). The essence is to generate a positive culture among employees for all initiatives to take root.
Principle 9The safety system should fit the culture of the organization
At a recent training program on ‘EHS Leadership Workshop’, the question was posed to participants as to whether ‘Prescriptive approach’ or ‘Goal setting’ approach would be more effective in implementing safety procedures at project sites, considering the prevalent culture existing in the organization. While most participants preferred a ‘prescriptive’ (the stick) approach, about 25 to 30% preferred a ‘goal setting’ (the ‘carrot’) approach. However, the same group of participants agreed wholeheartedly that the ‘goal setting’ approach was the better option in the long run. Therefore, a ‘participative’ (caring) approach should be embraced over the ‘controlling’ (or coercive) approach.
Principle 10For a safety system to be effective, it must meet the following: Force supervisory performance, involve middle management, have top management’s visible commitment, be flexible, and be perceived as positive.
Golden Rule number 1
When we communicate, what is important is not so much as to what the other person hears but what he understands.
We all go to projects and keep communicating with our sub-ordinates. How much of safety communication do we do?
Buildings & Factories
11HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Harvesting rainwaterRainwater harvesting is a technique for collecting rainwater from various hard surfaces such as roof tops and/or other types of manmade above ground hard surfaces, storing and using it for landscape irrigation and other uses. . An ancient practice, it is growing in popularity because of the inherent qualities of rainwater and the interest in reducing consumption of potable water.
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulation of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the aquifer (a layer of earth or rock that contains water) for watering gardens, for livestock, for irrigation, etc. The harvested water can be used for drinking as well and if stored in a tank, can be accessed and cleaned when needed. In many places the water collected is redirected to a deep pit with percolation so that the water will reach the aquifer, instead of flowing to the storm water collection system and becoming unusable.
This system becomes a source of independent water supply during regional water restrictions and in developed countries; it is often used to supplement the main supply. It provides water during drought conditions or summer. Rainwater harvesting systems are easy to understand, install and operate. They are effective in ‘green droughts’ as water is captured from rainfall where runoff is insufficient to flow into dam storages. The quality of captured rainwater is usually sufficient for most household needs, reducing the need for detergents as rainwater is soft. Financial benefits are many: rain is ‘renewable’ (perpetual) at acceptable volumes despite climate change forecasts; rainwater harvesting systems generally have low running costs and water is available at the point of consumption.
Components of a Rainwater Harvesting SystemRainwater is transported through pipes or drains, filtration, and stored in tanks for reuse or recharge. Some common components of a rainwater harvesting system:
Catchments
The catchment of a water harvesting system is the surface which directly receives the rainfall and provides water to the system. It can be a paved area like a terrace or courtyard of a building, or an unpaved area like a lawn or open ground. A roof made of reinforced cement concrete (RCC), galvanised iron or corrugated sheets can also be used for water harvesting. Coarse mesh is provided at the roof to prevent the passage of debris.
Gutters
Channels all around the edge of a sloping roof to collect and transport rainwater to the storage tank are called gutters. Gutters can be semi-circular or rectangular and could be made using:
Catchment
Conduit
Recharge facility
Storage facility
y Locally available material such as plain galvanised iron sheet (20 to 22 gauge), folded to required shapes
y Semi-circular gutters of PVC material can be readily prepared by cutting those pipes into two equal semi-circular channels
y Bamboo or betel trunks cut vertically in half
The size of the gutter is dictated by the flow during the highest intensity of rain and it is advisable to make them 10 to 15 per cent oversize.
Gutters need to be supported so that they do not sag or fall-off when loaded with water and depends on the construction of the house. It is possible to fix iron or timber brackets into the walls, but for houses having wider eaves, some method of attachment to the rafters is necessary.
ConduitsConduits are pipelines or drains that carry rainwater from the
Buildings & Factories
12 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Diameter of pipe (mm)
Average rate of rainfall in mm/h
50 75 100 125 150 200
50 13.4 8.9 6.6 5.3 4.4 3.3
65 24.1 16.0 12.0 9.6 8.0 6.0
75 40.8 27.0 20.4 16.3 13.6 10.2
100 85.4 57.0 42.7 34.2 28.5 21.3
125 - - 80.5 64.3 53.5 40.0
150 - - - - 83.6 62.7
Sizing of rainwater pipe for roof drainage
mm/h – millimeters per hour; Source: National Building Code
Filter
The filter is used to remove suspended pollutants from rainwater collected over a roof and is a chamber filled with filtering media such as fibre, coarse sand and gravel layers to remove debris and dirt from the water before it enters the storage tank or recharge structures. Charcoal can be introduced for additional filtration.
catchment or rooftop area to the harvesting system. Conduits can be of any material like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or galvanized iron (GI) - materials that are commonly available.
The following table gives an idea about the diameter of pipe required for draining out rainwater based on rainfall intensity and roof area:
First-flushing
A first flush device is a valve that ensures runoff from the first spell of rain is flushed out and does not enter the system. This needs to be done since the first spell of rain carries a relatively larger amount of pollutants from the air and catchment surface.
Source: A water harvesting manual for urban areas
10 CM GRAVEL LAYER
10 CM CHARCOAL LAYER
25 CM SAND LAYER
25 CM GRAVEL LAYER
I. Charcoal water filter
A simple charcoal filter can be made in a drum or an earthen pot. The filter can be made of gravel, sand and charcoal, all of which are easily available.
II Sand Filter
Sand filters are commonly available apart from being easy and inexpensive to construct. These filters can be employed for treatment of water to effectively remove turbidity (suspended particles like silt and clay), colour and microorganisms. It can be constructed domestically with the top layer comprising coarse sand followed by a 5-10 mm layer of gravel followed by another 5-25 cm layer of ravel and boulders.
Filter for large roof tops
When rainwater is harvested in a large rooftop area, the filtering system should be big enough to accommodate the excess flow for which the system designed has three concentric circular chambers in which the outer chamber is filled with sand, the middle one with coarse aggregate and the inner-most layer with pebbles.
This way, the area of filtration is increased for sand, in relation to coarse aggregate and pebbles. Rainwater reaches the centre core and is collected in the sump where it is treated with a few tablets of chlorine and is ready for consumption.
I) Horizontal roughing filter and slow sand filter
The introduction of horizontal roughing filter and slow sand filter (HRF/SSF) to treat surface water has made safe drinking water available in coastal pockets of Orissa. The major components of this filter are:
Filter channel
One square metre in cross-section and eight m in length, laid across the tank embankment, the filter channel consists of
Buildings & Factories
13HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
three uniform compartments: the first tank is packed with broken bricks, the second with coarse sand, followed by fine sand in the third compartment. The HRF usually consists of filter material like gravel and coarse sand that successively decreases in size from 25 mm to 4 mm. The bulk of solids in the incoming water are separated by this coarse filter media or HRF. At every point of outlet or inlet of the channel, fine graded mesh is implanted to prevent entry of finer materials into the sump. The length of a channel varies according to the nature of the site selected for the sump.
Sump
The sump is a storage provision to collect filtered water from the tank through the filter channel for storage and collection. While HRF acts as a physical filter and is applied to retain solid matter, SSF is primarily a biological filter, used to kill microbes in the water. Both filter types are generally stable, making full use of the natural purification process of harvested surface water and do not require any chemical.
III) RainPC
Aqua Sure, a consortium of three specialist Netherlands-based companies, has developed a system for the conversion of rainwater to drinking water in the form of a Rainwater Purification Centre (RainPC). RainPC is developed by scaling down the multi-staged water treatment method (MST), which involves screening, flocculation sedimentation and filtration and incorporating existing technologies like upward flow fine
filtration, absorption and ion exchange. Coming in a small and compact 26 kg unit, the RainPC offers an affordable solution by converting rainwater into drinking water.
Are we at risk? How to make the water you drink safe?
Source: A water harvesting manual for Urban areas
20 CM GRAVEL LAYER
30 CM SAND LAYER
20 CM GRAVEL LAYER
POROUS BED
Even though 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by
water bodies there is still a scarcity of drinking water.
About 1 billion people don’t have access to safe
drinking water. This is because the maximum amount of water
is in the oceans (97%) and glaciers (2%) which are either saline
or frozen and hence unusable. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO) report published in 2006, drinking water
has been categorized into three, and described in the form of
“drinking water ladder”.
It has been reported that 54% of the world’s population
use improved drinking water through piped household
water connections, which is made available inside the user’s
dwelling, plot or yard. Around 33% population use improved
drinking water sources other than piped water such as public
taps or standpipes, tube wells or boreholes, protected dug wells,
protected springs and rainwater collection. The remaining 13%
population use unimproved drinking water sources such as
unprotected wells and unprotected spring and surface water
(river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation channels).
Drinking water concernsDrinking or potable water is consumed by human beings and
its purity is a major concern throughout the world. It must
comply with the scientific standards set for safe consumption
and meet the national water quality standards. In many
countries including India, people still suffer from acute or
chronic illnesses by drinking contaminated water.
Buildings & Factories
With decreasing availability of water, rain water harvesting is the best option today. Instead of using the roof for catchment, the Rain Saucer, which looks like an upside down umbrella, can be used to collect rain water directly from the sky. This decreases the potential for contamination and makes potable water for developing countries a potential application. Other applications of this free standing rainwater collection approach are sustainable gardening and small plot farming.
G. Madhava Kumar CEHSM - Hyderabad Cluster
14 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Of the 3% freshwater available on earth, 68.7% is frozen in the form of icecaps and glaciers while 30.1% is groundwater, 0.3% surface water and 0.9% unaccounted for. The 0.3% water used is by purifying it over and over again. The surface water includes 87% in lakes, 11% in swamps and remaining 2% in rivers but with so much of waste being dumped into them every minute, these are unreliable sources of clean and pure drinking water. To make this water consumable, it has to be processed in many ways. (Refer Table on Page 16)
Drinking water generally has harmful contents Drinking water, like every other substance, contains small amounts of bacteria most of which are common ones and not generally harmful. Chlorine is usually added to drinking water to prevent bacterial growth while the water streams through pipelines.
What substances endanger the quality of drinking water?Coliform bacteria that are often detected in drinking water are a group of microorganisms that are normally found in the intestinal tract of humans, other warm-blooded animals and in surface water. The presence of these bacteria indicates that disease-causing microorganisms, known as pathogens, may be present in the drinking water supply and hence needs to be treated and cleansed.
Yeasts and viruses can also endanger the quality of drinking water. These are microbial contaminants like Giardia and Cryptosporidium that are usually found in surface water. Giardia is a single cell organism that causes gastrointestinal symptoms while Cryptosporidium is a parasite that is considered to be one of the most significant causes of diarrhoeal disease in humans.
Nitrate in drinking water can cause cyanosis which is a reduction of the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. This is particularly dangerous to infants under six months of age.
Lead can enter the water supply from copper pipelines. As water streams through the pipes, small amounts of lead will dissolve in and contaminate it. Lead is a toxic substance that can be quickly absorbed into the human system, leading to lead poisoning particularly in children.
Legionella is a bacterium that grows rapidly when water is maintained at a temperature between 30 and 40 degrees for a long period of time. This bacterium can be inhaled when water evaporates as it enters the human body with aerosols, can cause a sort of flu, known as Pontiac fever and a more serious deathly illness known as Legionellosis.
How can the quality of drinking water be protected?All countries have legal drinking water standards that prescribe the substances that can be present in drinking water and at what maximum amounts. The standards are called maximum contaminant levels and are formulated for any contaminant that may have adverse effects on human health and any organization that prepares drinking water has to follow these stringently. If water is purified to make it potable, it will be subjected to various tests in order to establish the concentrations that are present. (For further information please refer IS 10500 for Indian Standard of drinking water)
Buildings & Factories
15HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Summary of drinking water treatment methods
Treatment method
How it works What it removes Operation and maintenance issues
Activated carbon
filtration
As water flows through the filter, contaminants adsorb or stick to the surface of the activated carbon particles.
Pesticides; organic compounds such as benzene and carbon tetrachloride; odour, bacterial or colloidal iron or tannins when combined with continuous chlorination; radon; lead or copper if equipped with special media; some other heavy metals in certain cases; chlorine; chloramines; Trihalomethanes. Filters with moulded activated carbon blocks will treat Cryptosporidium and Giardia.
System must be monitored and carbon cartridges must be replaced at regular intervals. Failure to replace filter regularly can result in elevated levels of contaminants in water.
Reverse osmosis
(RO)
Contaminants are removed by forcing water through a membrane which has microscopic holes. Water molecules pass through the membrane but larger particles cannot. The membrane is flushed to remove the trapped contaminates.
Certain tastes, some pesticides; high chloride content; fluoride; nitrate; lead, copper, and other heavy metals; arsenic; Cryptosporidium; viruses.
Activated carbon or sediment filtration is often used to pre-filter water before reverse osmosis. Activated carbon post-filters are also common. Pre-filters and post-filters require regular replacement. RO membrane must be regularly monitored and disinfected. RO systems can waste a large amount of water.
Ion exchange
water softening
As water passes through a resin bed in the softener, calcium and magnesium in the water are exchanged for sodium or potassium which do not create the nuisance associated with hard water.
Hard water (calcium and magnesium); dissolved iron; manganese; cadmium, copper and zinc if operated properly.
When the resin is filled to capacity, it must be recharged. Depending upon the type of softener, some degree of monitoring of the regeneration cycle is necessary. People on restricted sodium diets should consult their doctor about drinking softened water since it contributes sodium to the diet.
Sediment filtration
As water passes through a filter made of sand, filter paper, compressed glass wool or other straining material sus-pended particles such as sand, soil or other particles are trapped on the filter.
Sediment; acidic water when preceded by soda ash feed; dissolved iron or manganese when preceded by continuous chlorination, ozonation or aeration; turbidity.
Depending on the type of filter, cartridge replacement or back washing must be done on a regular basis in order to maintain effectiveness.
Distillation Water is heated to create steam which is then condensed to be collected as treated water. Contaminants removed remain in the heating chamber or boil off into the atmosphere.
Sediment; high salt content; high total dissolved solids; pesticides if properly equipped with gas vent; fluoride; nitrate; lead, copper and other heavy metals; arsenic; bacteria.
Energy costs for distillation can be significant. Scale builds up and sediment must be periodically removed from the distiller. Contaminants with a boiling point lower than water, such as some pesticides and solvents, can vaporize with the water and condense with treated water instead of being removed. Some units have a gas vent to release these contaminants to the air. Distilled water may have a flat or bland taste.
Buildings & Factories
16 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Treatment method How it works What it removes Operation and maintenance issues
Aeration Oxygen is introduced into the water by an aerator. This oxidizes contaminants such as iron and manganese, causing them to form solids which can then be filtered out of the water.
Dissolved iron or manganese when followed by sediment filtration; may help reduce rotten egg odour from dissolved hydrogen sulphide gas; methane gas odour; radon.
Regular back washing of the filter following aeration is required. Aeration is not recommended for water containing bacteria which may clog the system.
De-aeration Mix air with water to remove dissolved gases from the water. Aeration and de-aeration equipment are very similar, but are designed for different treatment goals.
Dissolved hydrogen sulphide gas; methane gas odour; radon.
If water has high hardness (e.g., calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese), the system should be designed to manage precipitates and scale build-up.
Continuous chlorination
Chlorine is fed or injected into the water to kill bacteria and other microbial contaminants, as well as to treat iron and manganese in the water.
Dissolved iron or manganese when followed by sediment filtration; rotten egg odour from dissolved hydrogen sulphide gas or sulphate-reducing bacteria (followed by activated carbon filtration); bacterial or colloidal iron or tannins when combined with activated carbon filtration; bacteria; Giardia; viruses.
Chlorine must have adequate contact time with water to disinfect it. Therefore the chlorine dose must be carefully synchronized with the water flow so that water does not move too quickly through the system. Chlorine feed pumps must be carefully calibrated and maintained. Careful handling of chlorine is required since it is toxic. Depending on the organic content of the water, by-products of the chlorination process may include Trihalomethanes (THM’s) which may increase the risk of cancer. Activated carbon filtration may be used after chlorination to remove excess chlorine and its by-products; filters should be changed regularly.
Ultraviolet (UV)
radiation
As water passes through the system, a special lamp produces ultraviolet light that kills bacteria and other microbial contaminants.
Bacteria; Giardia; viruses. Sediment build-up and algae growth may cause problems within the system and must be periodically removed. The lamp must be kept clean to maintain effectiveness. In turbid, or cloudy, water the UV light may not reach some of the organisms. Water may need to be treated for turbidity prior to entering the UV system. Also, UV radiation does not have a residual effect so water that leaves the system can be re-contaminated.
Ozonation Water enters a system where ozone, a chemical form of pure oxygen, is produced and mixed with the water. Ozonation destroys bacteria and other microbial pathogens and oxidizes compounds such as iron and manganese to permit their removal.
Bacteria; Giardia; Cryptosporidium; viruses; dissolved iron or manganese when combined with sediment filtration.
Equipment that tests for ozone in treated water must be purchased or bacterial tests performed, as this is the only way to determine if the system is operating properly. Dehumidification of surrounding air is frequently required. Careful monitoring is required as ozone is a toxic gas. Ozonation does not have a lasting (residual) effect so re-contamination of water can occur. Ozonation equipment is expensive.
Ultra, micro, and nano filtration
As water passes through a filter, suspended particles are trapped on the filter. The particle removed depends upon the size of the pores in the filter.
Cryptosporidium; Giardia; viruses.
Depending on the type of filter, cartridge replacement or back washing must be done on a regular basis in order to maintain effectiveness. Pore sizes from smallest to largest are nano filtration, ultra filtration and micro filtration.
Buildings & Factories
17HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Necessity of Purifying Drinking WaterWater source can be broadly divided into two - surface water and ground water and rainwater contributes to both. While falling onto the earth’s surface, rainwater dissolves gases, suspended particles and other substances. Surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs also have dust particles, microorganisms, minerals and organic matter. Similarly, ground water too contains lots of dissolved minerals with the result the water obtained from these natural sources is polluted in one way or the other and hence needs to be treated to meet certain standards before being considered fit for consumption. Water is treated mainly (depending upon the impurities present and determined by water quality test) for the followings impurities:
1. Physical impurities
2. Chemical impurities
3. Biological impurities
4. Radioactive impurities
Common Methods for Purifying Domestic Drinking WaterThere is no one single treatment equipment that manages
to clear all contaminants from water because all treatment methods have limitations. The treatment system that is best suited for any particular household depends on the contaminant(s) present, concentration(s), the size of units, maintenance and operational requirements of the system. At times, a combination of treatment methods could be more effective. Treatment systems can be classified as either Point-of-Use (POU) or Point-of-Entry (POE). POU devices treat water at the point it is used, such as the faucet and such treated water can be used for drinking and cooking. POE devices treat water as it enters the household. This is important if a contaminant can be absorbed through the skin or by inhalation during bathing, showering or at other times of water contact. It is also important for managing substances that may cause staining, mineral deposits or other problems in the water distribution system.
Drinking water purification broadly means the process of removing undesirable physical, biological and chemical contaminants from raw water, so as to make the water fit for human consumption. Note: In the following table, treatment options and maintenance issues are dealt and it gives a fair idea on how a treatment system works.
Dr. Sanjai Kumar Srivastava CEHSM- Bangalore cluster
Physical & Chemical Treatments Membrane Based Treatments Ion Exchangers Disinfection
* Boiling•Sedimentation - flocculation
•Filtration - Sand & Activated Carbon•Micron cartridge filtration
•Desalination•Use of chemicals like antiscalants & antioxidants
* Microfiltration (suspended solids)
•Ultrafiltration (bacteria)•Nano filtration
•Reverse Osmosis (dissolved salts)
•Softeners•DM
•Iron removal•Arsenic Removal
•Chlorination - Electro, Hypo
& Gas•UV
•Ozone
Common method of purification
System Performance Comparison Carbon Filter Carbon filter w/
silverCeramic
FilterCeramic Filter
w/carbonReverse Osmosis
Steam Distillation w/
carbon
Microbiological NO PARTIAL YES YES NO YES
Organics YES YES NO YES YES YES
Heavy Metals NO NO NO NO PARTIAL YES
Radioactive materials NO NO NO NO PARTIAL YES
Inorganics NO NO NO NO PARTIAL YES
Comparison of different filter and its capability of treatment
Buildings & Factories
18 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
TRAINING PROGRAMMESSafety
DateName / Subject of the Training Programme
Faculty CoordinatorDuration
(days/hours)
No. of Praticipants Location
October 29 - 30, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Dr. Sanjai Kumar Srivastava, CEHSM, Bengaluru
2 25 Bengaluru
November 28 - 29, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Dr. Sanjai Kumar Srivastava, CEHSM, Bengaluru
2 36 Bengaluru
December 10, 2013
EHS Leadership Programme
Mr.M.Kamarajan, Head EHS, B&F IC 1 23 Chennai
October 10 - 11, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Mr. R V Sudhakar, CEHSM, Chennai 2 26 Chennai
October 16 - 17, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Mr. R V Sudhakar, CEHSM, Chennai 2 25 Chennai
November 19 - 20, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Mr. R V Sudhakar, CEHSM, Chennai 2 25 Chennai
December 26 - 27, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Mr. R V Sudhakar, CEHSM, Chennai 2 15 Chennai
October 22-23, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Mr.K.K. Jha, CEHSM, Delhi Cluster 2 35Hotel Mapple Express,New
Delhi
November 13 - 14, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Mr.K.K. Jha, CEHSM, Delhi Cluster 2 30Hotel Vikram,
New Delhi
December 17 -18, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Mr.K.K. Jha, CEHSM, Delhi Cluster 2 39Hotel Vikram,
New Delhi
November 29, 2013
Competence Building Workshop
Mr.M.Kamarajan, Head EHS, B&F IC 1 35Hotel Surya, New Delhi
November 30, 2013
EHS Leadership Workshop
Mr.M.Kamarajan, Head EHS, B&F IC 1 25Hotel Surya, New Delhi
October 8 -9, 2013Construction Safety Program
Mr. D.S. Gaur, CEHSM, Gurgaon Cluster
2 25 Gurgaon
December 20 -21, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Mr. D.S. Gaur, CEHSM, Gurgaon Cluster
2 34 Gurgaon
December 23 -24, 2013
Construction Safety Program
Mr. Amitava Mitra, Head EHS - HMRP
2 36 Hyderabad
December 21, 2013
EHS Leadership Program
Mr.M.Kamarajan, Head EHS, B&F IC 1 17 Hyderabad
December 19 - 20, 2013
Construction Safety Program
“Mr. V. Bhavani Shankar, CEHSM, MBCL - CB&A & Mr. Hemant Kadu, CEHSM, MBCL - RB&F”
2 26 Mumbai
Buildings & Factories
19HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
EHS Leadership Workshop - Chennai- 10th December 2013
Competence Building Workshop - Delhi - 29th November 2013
Construction Safety Program - Bengaluru - 29-30 2013
Buildings & Factories
20 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Know your equipment
Mechanization is the operative word in industrialization and like all industries, the Construction industry has also seen several
introductions of various machineries for different activities to improve productivity and reduce cycle time.
At L&T, erstwhile practices in block shifting, concreting to plastering have given way to various new technologies and it is essential to know the basic safety features of the equipment before adopting these new technologies or deploying these new machines.
This series entitled ’Know Your Equipment‘ has been introduced to present a macro view of an equipment: its safety features, sequence of erection and to some extent, technical information. The first in this series is Mast Climbing Work Platform (MCWP).
1. What is a MCWP?Mast climbing work platforms (MCWPs) are used as temporary work places, giving access to specific areas of variable heights above ground level. In many cases, MCWPs are safer as well as convenient to use than other forms of access equipment such as ladders, fixed scaffolding, or staging.
2. Types & Major Components of MCWPsAt L&T Construction, two types of MCWPs are used:
¾ Hydraulically driven (FRACO)
¾ Rack and pinion driven (GOAIN & PIAT)
Major components of MCWP
¾ The drive unit with platforms capable of supporting persons, equipment and tools
¾ The mast sections
¾ The chassis for supporting the mast on the ground with jacks
¾ Mast tie assemblies for increasing height
3. Important terms, safety components and definitions to be understood at site before selection, installation and operation
1. Rated load - the load for which MCWP has been designed for normal operation as stated in the load chart or diagram (Refer the sample load distribution chart) - refer to the operational manual for actual chart. It is important to ensure uniform load distribution across platforms as per manufacturer’s recommendation.
2. Rated speed - the vertical or horizontal speed at which the mast climber is designed
3. Mast tie - anchorage system used to transfer the lateral reaction forces to the building and keep it aligned verticality
4. Electromagnetic brake—‘Applicable for the Rack and pinion type only’ situated behind the motor to hold the MCWP at required heights
Single Mast Climber
Twin Mast Climber
Buildings & Factories
21HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
¾ Safety device - (Applicable for the Rack and pinion type only) used to prevent the free-fall of the MCWP if the electromagnetic brake fails
5. Operator — an authorized person with green card and training given by OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) representative, site EHS personnel and P&M personnel
6. Limit switches—Electromechanical devices provided to control the movement during ascent, descent, to sense the maximum ascent or descent levels in case of twin mast, overpass, etc.
7. End mast—provided at the end of the mast without rack to avoid overrun of the climbing equipment
The installation has to be completed only after getting necessary drawings from CMPC (Construction Method Planning Cell) and TSC (Technical Service Cell) at Regional / Cluster office.
Any erection of the equipment should be preceded by GRA preparation and approval by site EHS committee and the cluster EHS committee.
4. MCWP area demarcationRefer to the below given picture for area demarcation.
All loads are to be kept in the loading area only.
Area Demarcation
5. Load distribution pattern over the platformLoading distribution pattern of the MCWP differs as per the models and manufacturers hence it is necessary to read and understand the loading pattern of OEM manual before deployment.
When loading the platform, loads must be placed as close as possible to the mast since loading capacity gets reduced in overhanging portions of the platform.
Sample picture of loading pattern of an MCWP is given below for single and twin mast climber.
Uniform load distribution pattern must be strictly adhered to for safer operation.
Loading Pattern Diagrams
Single Mast Climber
Twin Mast Climber
6. Safety tests to be conducted prior to commissioning1. Load test: To ensure that the installation is capable
of handling the rated load i.e 100% of capacity in a distributed manner, standard weights should be used.
2. Drop test: ‘Applicable for Rack and Pinion type only’ to ascertain the functioning of the safety brake or safety device at the time of failure of the electromagnetic brake at rated load. The equipment is tested by creating a test environment by using a separate kit provided by the OEM.
3. Over-load test: To ensure that the operation of the equipment does not happen when overloaded or to ensure that the functioning of the overload limiter, if available. If unavailable, the same can be controlled by an overload relay in the motor. The normal limits for the overload are 110%.
The above tests have to be conducted in the presence of a competent third party authorized by the factory inspector.
7. Daily checks / Inspection before starting operations1. Check the availability of the authorized operator
2. Check the availability of fall arrestor and other PPEs with the workmen and operator
3. Check condition of power cables, limit switches, rails and mast anchorages
4. In case of dual mast sections, ensure that no level difference is being maintained
5. Check all emergency switches and limit switches for proper functioning and do a test run
6. Check electrical interlocks provided at the gate entry for proper operation
Buildings & Factories
22 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
7. Check the condition of the cables and guides
8. Inspect anchorages for the proper condition
9. Check for any abnormal noise
10. Ensure that the operating path is free from obstacles
It is very important to note that in no case, should the MCWP be used for shifting/ transferring people or material from the platform of the MCWP to the working floor or vice versa.
R. Vaithi Subramanian Manager - P&M, TCS Project, Chennai
M.S.D.S.What is M.S.D.S.?
y Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) contains information regarding the proper procedures for handling, storing, and disposing of chemical substances.
y MSDS should accompany all chemicals or kits while it is transported.
y If MSDS is not available for a chemical, there are many web sites that can supply it, such as, www.msdsonline.com.
y Typically the information is listed in a standardized format
y MSDS is prepared by chemical manufacturers and vendors to convey hazard information to users.
y MSDS should be obtained when a chemical is purchased.
y A chemical inventory list, and MSDS, for each chemical is required to be maintained by all facilities / labs.
y M.S.D.S. is a very important document – a Facebook for a particular chemical solid, liquid, or gas.
y Preparing and providing the M.S.D.S. to the purchaser / ultimate users of that chemical is mandatory.
y It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to prepare and provide M.S.D.S. of the product / chemicals manufactured by them.
y M.S.D.S. gives a clear and accurate picture of the various constants and specific properties / nature of the chemical substance.
y It also cautions the user about the result of its reaction with specific chemical(s).
Features of M.S.D.S. y Identity of the Material and the Manufacturer
y Hazardous Ingredients
y Physical and Chemical Characteristics
y Fire and Explosion Hazard Data
y Reactivity Data
y Precautions for Safe Handling
y Control Measures and First Aid
y Health Hazard Data (Limits and Symptoms)
y Effect of Exposure
y Personal Protective Equipment
y In case of material spillage & disposal of waste
y Control Measure and First - Aid
y Emergency measures
Reading MSDSInformation on the MSDS is organized into 8 main sections:
1 Identity: The chemical name, trade name and manufacturers name, address and emergency phone number
2 Hazardous Ingredients: Hazardous ingredients are identified
3 Physical and Chemical Characteristics: Boiling/melting points, vapor pressure and density, water solubility, and appearance/odor
Buildings & Factories
between 3to 5
Inclinometer Box
23HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
4 Fire Data: Flash point, flammable limits, extinguishing media, unusual fire/explosion hazards, and any special firefighting equipment
5 Health Data: Routes of entry (inhalation, ingestion, etc.) effects from short and long term exposure, emergency and first-aid procedures
6 Reactivity Data: Stability, incompatible materials, hazardous decomposition are among the topics in this area
7 Spill or Leak Procedures: Clean-up procedures, waste disposal, and precautions needed when handling/storing materials
8 Spill Precaution Information: Any personal protective equipment (PPE), ventilation, and work/hygiene practices
y These 8 sections or characters are further classified under 16 Sections or Characters
y Based on the details given in the M.S.D.S., the labels / panels are displayed on the shipment containers / boxes which explains the nature of the chemical and accordingly the required safety precautions must be observed by the user / handler of the chemical.
M.S.D.S. for various substances can be obtained from the following web sites:
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)
www.cpsc.gov
Department of Transportation (DOT)
www.dot.gov
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
www.epa.gov
Department of Health and Human Services National
Toxicology Program (NTP)
http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov
Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA)
www.osha.gov
MSDS Online
www.msdsonline.com
Mr. Shailesh Patel Cluster EHS Manager
Ahmedabad Cluster
A Typical MSDS Label
Buildings & Factories
24 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Gasoline safety
Gasoline (petrol) is a fuel used in spark-ignition engines. The fuel is mixed with air within its
flammable limits and heated above its flash point, then ignited by the spark plug. In order to avoid
pre-ignition by the residual heat of a hot combustion, the fuel must have a low flash point and high auto
ignition temperature.
Spark ignition engines are designed to burn gasoline in a controlled process known as deflagration. Energy is
obtained from the combustion of gasoline by the conversion of a hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide and water.
Know how the material safety data sheet works for gasoline
31 0
Environmental ConsiderationsThe unburnt gasoline and evaporation from the storage
tank when it reaches the atmosphere, reacts with sunlight to
produce photochemical smog. On combustion of 3.8 liters of
gasoline, 8700 gms of CO2 is produced which is a Greenhouse gas.
Odor & Color of GasolineGasoline appears in a translucent, straw – colored or light
yellow liquid. It has got a strong, aromatic hydrocarbon odor.
Oxygenated gasoline with MTBE / TAME (Methyl Tertiary
Butyl Ether / Tert-Amyl Methyl Ether) may have a sweet, ether
like odor and is easily detectable at a lower concentration than
the non- oxygenated gasoline.
Toxicology of Gasoline
The material safety data sheet for unleaded gasoline shows at
least 15 hazardous chemicals occurring in various amounts,
including Benzene (up to 5% by volume), toluene (up to
35% by volume), MTBE (up to 18% by volume). The IARC
(International Agency for Research on Cancer) has found that
gasoline and its exhaust are possibly carcinogenic for humans.
It also contains benzene and prolonged or repeated exposure
to which can cause damage in human beings to the blood
forming system or serious blood disorders like plastic anemia
and leukemia.
Flash Point and Fire Point of gasoline
Gasoline vapors being heavier than air travels a long distance to
an ignition source and flashes back. The flash point of gasoline
is 45ºF (43ºC). The fire point of gasoline is highly variable >
530ºF (>280ºC).
On 24th November, 2013, a fire broke out in a parking lot
of an apartment in Pune. The preliminary investigation
pointed towards a short circuit in the meter box in the
parking area that sparked the blaze, which intensified
after the petrol tanks of two wheelers started exploding.
In a very short span of time, the flames had leapt up to the
third floor of the seven-storey building.
Gasoline gets ignited by itself even with the help of auto
generated static electricity. Therefore, it is important to keep
it out of reach from spark embers or flames of the operating equipment.
Buildings & Factories
25HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
What happened?On a fateful day at a construction project, while using a man hoist, the car cabin of the hoist fell through the guide rack & pinion from the top floor due to gravity.
What went wrong?Investigation findings revealed the following:
y The bearings in the gear box failed as the drive shaft got disconnected due to failure of bearings which caused the car cabin to fall freely through the guide rack.
y The safety brake was actuated and worked for a brief period, actuating the electrical cut off limit switch (secondary failure)
¾ The safety brake could not sustain, due to the shearing of a pin holding the governor weights, that acts as a brake
y Lack of / poor maintenance of the hoist
y Equipment used had exceeded its economic life
How to prevent it?All man hoists shall be checked for age of the equipment (whether the equipment is within its economic life or not), the condition of the equipment, should have third party certificates and drop test validity
y Drop test has to be carried out at regular intervals as prescribed in the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) manual
y Any equipment which has crossed the economic life shall not be used / operated
It happened. It can happen again … Let’s prevent it
y Preventive maintenance schedule should be prepared for hired equipment as recommended by the OEM and ensure that the same is followed.
Car Cabin of passenger hoist can have a free fall through guide during a failure
In several cases, mechanical failure in hoists occurs due to overloading or over speeding due to inexperienced operators. In several cases, however, the root cause of the failure is due to poor maintenance and usage of old equipment which has crossed its economic life.
The aim of sharing such an incident is to alert project teams with a request to check/ enquire at projects whether machinery of such conditions prevail and to ensure that only ‘right and fit equipment’ is deployed for the assigned task.
Remember - Making mistakes is not a crime. Not learning from them and
repeating them is criminal.
Disclaimer: Accident details published in this magazine are collected from friendly sources and are being circulated with the only objective of learning from the incidents and to take preventive action. This does not represent incidents from any particular organization/site.
Bearing failure in drive gear box
Buildings & Factories
26 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Often, one is faced with presentations that
are packed with enormous data presented
inappropriately and hence very difficult to
understand or derive any action plan from it. It is not
enough to possess all the relevant data but it needs to be
presented in a comprehensible manner which requires
soft skills in analyzing and summarizing the data using
appropriate software.
This article is intended to help make data analysis using
excel spreadsheets, improve effectiveness in summarizing
excel sheet data and present it well to enable decision making.
Definitions & usage of commands
I. Data validation Data validation is used to define restrictions on what data
can or should be entered in a cell and it can be configured
to prevent users from entering invalid data. Users can be
warned of entering invalid data; there also exists the option
of providing messages to define what to input in the correct
cell and correct any errors.
By using the list command in data validation, a drop
down list may be developed so that errors can be avoided
and the pivot can easily be abstracted as per the prescribed
list.
Step 1
Prepare a list of near miss category in an excel sheet.
Step 2
Select the cell in excel sheet where near miss category of
incidents needs to be filled-up. Go to ‘Data’ tab and select
‘Data validation’ from data group tools.
Step 3:
Select ‘list’ option from the dialogue box and select the list
prepared earlier.
Copy the cell where the above formula has been applied and
paste in the column
Enhancing soft skillsMaking incident analysis chart using spreadsheets
Buildings & Factories
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
27HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Step 1&2
Step 3
Pivot Chart
Buildings & Factories
II. Pivot table reportA Pivot table report is useful to summarize, analyze, explore,
and present a summary of data. It helps visualize a pivot table
report summary data and easily see comparisons, patterns, and
trends.
Step 1 & 2
Select 2nd sheet of the excel sheet to create a pivot
report. Go to ‘insert’ tab and select ‘pivot table’ from tables
group.
Step 3
Select the source data for pivot report
Step 4
Selection of data will lead to the 2nd sheet. Click ‘ok’ in the
dialogue box.
Select and drag the near miss category for getting an abstract
report from pivot table dialogue box.
Next, click the near miss category and drag this to ‘∑ Values’ or
right click and click ‘Add to ∑ Values’.
III. Create a chart using pivot dataCharts are used for displaying numeric data in large quantities
and the relationship between different series of data in a
simple, graphic format.
To create a chart using the data obtained from pivot table
report:
Step 1
Sorting of data
Sort data using the ‘sort’ option in ascending or descending
manner based on the category.
Creating a chart
From ‘Insert’ tab, choose a ‘pie’ (since this is analysis of
incidents, pie chart representation may be appropriate) from
the charts group.
Note: Data shall be selected excluding the ‘total value’ in the
pivot table report.
Note: Using chart properties tool by double clicking the chart
area, any changes / modifications with respect to colour, size,
display of legends, etc., can be done.
28 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
The right man for the right job“Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever.” - Mahatma Gandhi
In the last issue of Helmet, a few of the excerpts from IS 13667 were presented. Part 1 dealt with ‘Safe use of cranes – Code of practice’ that included definitions of various terminologies, lifting management, planning for lifting, etc. From IS Code 13667, this issue will deal with the selection of persons and their duties and signals during material handling.
Selection of Persons‘Right person for right Job’ is the keyword that should be followed for a safe operation. Only an appointed person who is responsible for the lifting operation as decided by the management should choose the persons such as crane drivers or operators, signalers, slingers, crane erectors for the lifting operations.
The appointed person should ensure that persons involved in the lifting operations are aware of their duties, work as an efficient team and none of them are under the influence of alcohol / other drugs. Fitness and competencies need to ascertained after completing appropriate training.
Duties / responsibilities Crane Driver
The crane driver is responsible for the safe/ correct operation in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and lifting plan. In some cases, the carne driver may be responsible for erection or dismantling of the crane too. He must always respond only to the signals from one identified, competent slinger / signaler.
Slinger
The slinger is responsible for attaching or detaching the load to and from the crane hook and for the correct lifting gear and equipment as per the lifting plan and also for initiating and directing safe movement of the crane. Depending upon the physical position
of the slinger or slingers, only one slinger should have this responsibility.
If and when a signaler is not visible to the crane driver, another signaler or slinger should be deployed to relay signals. Alternatively, other audio or visuals methods can also be used.
To cover for the possibility of failure of audio or visual methods, a separate system to safely halt the movement of the crane should be available until signals have been restored.
In case the responsibility of the slinger who is directing the crane or load is to be transferred to another person, the following should be ensured:
y Transfer of responsibility should be clearly communicated to the crane driver
y The slinger should clearly indicate to the new slinger or signaler that this transfer is taking place
y The Driver and new slinger or signaler should clearly indicate that they accept the transfer is taking place
Crane Erector
The crane erector is responsible for erection of the crane as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Where two or more crane erectors are required, one should be nominated as erector’s in charge.
Signaler
The signaler is responsible for relaying signals from the slinger to the crane driver. The signaler may be given the responsibility of directing movement of crane or load instead of a slinger, provided only one person has the responsibility.
Maintenance Personnel
Maintenance personnel are responsible for maintaining the crane to ensure its safe and satisfactory operation. They should carry out all necessary maintenance in accordance to the safe system of work and permit to work.
Buildings & Factories
29HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Recommended minimum attributes
Attributes Crane Driver Slinger Signaler Crane erectorMaintenance
Personnel
Competence He should be competent
He should be competent
He should be competent
He should be competent
He should be competent
Age More than 18 years of age except when under the direct supervision of a competent person for the purpose of training
More than 18 years of age except when under the direct supervision of a competent person for the purpose of training
More than 18 years of age except when under the direct supervision of a competent person for the purpose of training
More than 21 years of age except when under the direct supervision of a competent person for the purpose of training
Fitness Fit in terms of eyesight, hearing, reflexes, the stature to operate the crane safely, ability to judge distances, heights and clearances Note: Medical fitness certificate should be obtained and made available with the appointed person
Fit in terms of eyesight, hearing, reflexes, agility, having the physique to handle lifting gear and equipment and be able to establish weights, balance loads, judge distances, heights and clearances
Fit in terms of eyesight, hearing, reflexes, mobility, ability to judge distances, heights and clearances
Fit with particular regard to eyesight, hearing, reflexes, stature to safely handle the loads during crane erection. Be able to work confidently and safely at height. Able to establish weights, balance loads, judge distances, heights and clearances
Training Adequately trained in the types of crane and sufficient knowledge of cranes and its safety devices.
Should have been trained in the techniques of slinging
Should have been trained in the techniques of slinging.
A d e q u a t e l y trained in the erection, dismantling and working of the type of crane being erected. Also trained in the safe use and setting up of any lifting appliance used.
A d e q u a t e l y trained in setting and testing of the safety devices fitted to the crane being erected and those on any lifting appliance being used for the erection.
P r o p e r l y instructed and trained. Where special machinery is involved; this should include a t t e n d i n g a p p r o p r i a t e training courses given by the supplier of the equipment.
Buildings & Factories
30 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Attributes Crane Driver Slinger Signaler Crane erectorMaintenance
Personnel
Skills, Knowledge and Experience
Understand the duties of signaler or slinger and familiar with the signal codes and alternative methods of relaying signals which are to be used for safer operation
Capable in selection of lifting gear and equipment from the given options
Able to understand the signal codes for the crane being operated and the ability to give clear and precise signals.
Also, capable of giving precise and clear verbal c o m m u n i c a t i o n where audio equipment is used and capable of operating the audio instrument.
Able to understand the signal codes for the crane being operated and the ability to give clear and precise signals.
Also, capable of giving precise and clear verbal communication where audio equipment is used and capable of operating the audio instrument.
Capable in selection of lifting gear and equipment from the given options.
A d e q u a t e knowledge of the machinery, they are required to maintain.
Access to manufacturer ’s relevant literature
Familiar with the fire appliances on the crane and trained in their use
Capable of initiating and directing the safe movement of the crane and load.
Capable of directing the safe movement of the crane and load
Capable of directing the safe movement of the crane and load
Authorization by the appointed person
He should have been authorized to operate the crane by the appointed person. While giving the a u t h o r i z a t i o n should take c o m p e t e n c e , training, recent experience and fitness into account.
Note: Training records of drivers should be maintained and made available to the appointed person.
He should have been nominated by the appointed person to carry out slinging duties.
He should have been nominated by the appointed person to carry out signaling duties.
Be aware of the responsibilities allocated by the appointed person to the crane driver and slinger
He should have been nominated by the appointed person to carry out signaling duties.
Be aware of the responsibi l i t ies allocated by the appointed person to the crane driver and slinger
Note: The signaller should stand in a secure position where HE CAN SEE THE LOAD AND CAN BE SEEN CLEARLY by crane driver.
The process of selection of type of cranes, safety devices, safety practices, etc., shall be covered in the next issue. Happy reading!
Gabrial Fernandez EHS - HQ
Buildings & Factories
31HELMET Oct - Dec 2013Buildings & Factories
Lifesaving incident(s)In safety, we often hear many negative words (accidents/ death/ failure etc.) and lifesaving incidents mostly go unnoticed / unreported for various reasons. Hence, we have decided to accord serious recognition to such incidents through this forum ‘Helmet’ to motivate / encourage people to report such incidents. In fact, the following two incidents were immediately rewarded through the PRAISE scheme also.
Lifesaving incident 1:BIAL Project on 7th December 2013.
Jaypee Kube Project at Noida on 21st December 2013.
Helper, Mr. Sohel Alam was engaged in providing materials for shuttering works for a carpenter at 10th floor. Due to cold weather and dizziness, he fell outside the edge of the floor and was caught up and saved in a catch net, which was provided at 8th floor level, around the periphery of the building.
Efforts behind this saving life incident”
y Provision of fall protection system in the building, as per SOP
He was rescued using a boom hoist, without any personal injury by the project team.
Efforts behind this lifesaving incident,
y Successful, consistent and effective implementation of Work Permit System for the ceiling works
y Training to all the workmen on ‘work at height’
y Repeated refresher training for all workers involved in the job
y Stringent access control system
Mr. Premji, Rigger
Mr. Sohel Alam, Helper
Mr. Boopathi O E, Site Engineer
Mr. Boopathi O E, Site Engineer
Mr. Sadik Pasha, EHS Engineer
Mr. Premji, Rigger was engaged on top of the high-ceiling panels for alignment at a height of 23 meter. While moving on a purlin to align and clip the panel, he slipped and fell on the fragile panel. But his full ‘body harness “saved his life’ since he anchored his lanyard to the purlin.
Mr. A Srinivasareddy, EHS Manager
Mr. A Srinivasareddy, EHS Manager
Mr. Appireddy Srinivasa reddy, EHS Manager, Mr. Boopathi O E, Site Engineer and Mr. Sadik Pasha, EHS Engineer are the heroes who had contributed towards implementing the above system thus saving a precious life.
LIFESAvING INCIDENT 2:
y Training to the staff and workmen regarding ‘work at height’
y Pre-briefing workmen on hazards, as part of work instruction using the ‘safe-to-start-work card’ system
Heroes who were involved are,1. Mr. Irshad A.M, Site Engineer 2. Mr. Vishal Gautam, EHS Engineer
32 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Transportation Infrastructure
Implementation of traffic diversion modelIn an innovative move, the EHS teams of both Krishnagiri Walajahpet Road Project and KMRP implemented a novel concept of creating a model of the road in order to explain the nature and types of diversions along with all the signboards involved to facilitate traffic diversion during the course of the project.
These scale models were of immense help to the workmen who could visually see and understand the entire scheme of diversion in detail during the EHS induction.
Beawar – Pali – Pindwara Road project December 2011 to December 2013
Krishnagiri – Walajah Road Project December 2011 to December 2013
Kandla – Mundra Road ProjectApril 2011 to December 2013
Samakhiali – Gandhidham Road ProjectOctober 2012 to December 2013
Panskura - Kharagpur RC ProjectSeptember 2009 to December 2013
Ganjbasoda - Sanchi RC Project March 2010 to December 2013
Bharuch - Dahej RC Project June 2009 to December 2013
10 MTPA Rail Siding, TATA JSR Project- July 2009 to December 2013
Ariyalur – Valadi RC ProjectDecember 2010 to December 2013
22
16
10
8
6
6
5
4
3
Helmet congratulates the following sites for achieving three million and more LTI free safe man-hours
SafetyRoll of Honour
33HELMET Oct - Dec 2013Transportation Infrastructure
Rock support for road tunneling
Construction of a road tunnel is perhaps one of the
most demanding tasks of a road project because it is
hazardous and strict compliance to safety precautions
is imperative. Initial rock support (sometimes referred to as
temporary lining or temporary support of excavation) is a
primary safety requirement for road tunnel construction to
keep the tunneled portion open, stable and safe until the final
lining gets installed and the construction is complete. Various
rock supports are used during a road tunnel construction.
Rock boltsRock bolts have a friction or grout anchor in the rock and are
tensioned as soon as that anchorage is attained to actively
introduce a compressive force into the surrounding ground.
This axial force acts upon the rock mass discontinuities,
thus increasing their shear capacity and is generated by pre-
tensioning of the bolt. The system requires a ‘bond length’ for
the bolt to be tensioned. Rock bolts are frequently fully bonded
to the surrounding ground after tensioning for long-term load
transfer considerations. They may or may not be grouted for
full length. In any case, bolts begin to support or join the rock
as soon as they are tensioned. The most striking advantages of
rock bolts are –
y Versatility - they can be used in any excavation geometry
y Simple and quick to use
y Relatively inexpensive
Ribs and laggingThese are used in tunneled portions that have uneven profiles,
intersections, short starter tunnels and critical reaches of
tunnel having faulty zones. They are also used in wedge formed
tunnel where squeezing and swelling ground may occur.
Lattice girdersSupporting large spans of underground openings in poor
rock formation is challenging. Lattice girders provide an
excellent substitute for steel ribs with several inherent
advantages; they are economical, easy to install and
construction friendly.
ForepolesPre-supporting the rock mass with forepoling/spiling is a
method of advancing a tunnel construction in very poor
ground conditions by driving pipe roofs into the ground ahead
of, or simultaneously, with the excavation. Typically 75 or 114
mm diameter pipes, (12 m long) are installed every 8 m to
create a 4 m overlap between successive forepole umbrellas.
Probing & pregroutingProbe hole monitoring gives an indication of rock types, rock
mass, water inflows and provides important information
on the upcoming tunneling. Grouting may be undertaken
through probe holes to reduce water inflow and/ or stabilize
the rock mass.
ShotcreteShotcrete is simply concrete sprayed into place through a
nozzle. It contains additives to gain quicker strength and to keep
it workable until it is sprayed. It can be made with or without
the addition of reinforcing fibers and can be sprayed around
and through reinforcing bars or lattice girders. Shotcreting
can be broadly classified into dry mix shotcrete and wet mix
shotcrete.
Wire meshWire mesh is used to support small pieces of loose rock or as
reinforcement of shotcrete. Two types of wire mesh that are
commonly used in underground excavations are chain-link
mesh and weldmesh.
M K Mahanta Head –EHS
Roads, Runways and Elevated Corridor
34 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
TRAINING PROGRAMMESSafety
Sl.No Date Programme No.of participants Location Days / Hours
1 25.10.2013
Defensive driving was conducted by external
agency M/S MISRI road safety trainer
40Kandla Mundra
Road Project01 day
2 26.10.2013
Defensive driving was conducted by external
agency M/S MISRI road safety trainer
62Samakhiali
Gandhidham Road Project
01 day
323.12.2013 & 24.12.2013
Behavioural Based Safety Training Programme
40 AJMRP 02 days
Transportation Infrastructure
35HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Mr. M.K.Singh EHS Head - Delhi Cluster received Safety Award 2013 by the Safety and Quality Forum (SQF) of Institution of Engineers (India) at a ceremony called
the 28th Indian Engineering Congress which was held at Chennai.
Heavy Civil Infrastructure
A warm welcome to L&T familyHelmet Magazine is glad to welcome Mr. Stephen Phillip Storey, Head – EHS of Heavy Civil Infrastructure IC. Stephen is a chartered member of the Institute of Occupational Safety & Health (CMIOSH) and has been a full corporate member since 1996. Stephen is also currently on the board of directors at the International Safety Quality Environmental
management Association (ISQEM) as Director of Research & Development.
Mr. Stephen has over 20 years of professional experience in
Health & Safety management with expertise in construction feasibility studies, design, corporate governance and risk management, in highways, transportation, tunnels & bridges, high rise construction.
Stephen has gained a rich and invaluable experience working both within UK and in international markets on some of the world’s most complex projects located in Europe, Middle East, and Asia Pacific. He has worked with major corporates and blue-chip organizations in client, consultant and contractor roles such as London Underground, Black & Veatch, ABB, Parsons Brinkerhoff, Nakheel, Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, and West Kowloon Terminus JV-Hong Kong. Prior to joining L&T, Stephen was working with Samsung C&T in South Korea as QHSE GM based in Seoul HQ managing global operations.
The Helmet Magazine welcomes him and wishes him the very best in all his future endeavors.
Kakrapar Atomic Power ProjectFebruary 2010 to December 2013
Vizag Vessels ProjectNovember 2011 to December 2013
Badarpur Faridabad DMRCFebruary 2012 to December 2013
DMRC CC-17 ProjectAugust 2012 to December 2013
DMRC – CMC1 Project July 2010 to December 2013
Punatsangchhu HEPJune 2013 to December 2013
Bangalore MetroMay 2011 to December 2013
DMRC CC 28December 2012 to December 2013
3812118
754
Helmet congratulates the following sites for achieving three million and more LTI free safe man-hours
SafetyRoll of Honour
36 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
TRAINING PROGRAMMESSafety
Sl No. Date Programme Location Day/Hours
115th Oct to 9th Nov
2013Labour Skill Development Training by
M/S. LabournetDMRC CC 28
26 Day (4 Hours Per Day)
2 18th Oct 2013Working at height and safe use of
Safety Harness Training by M/S Life Gear
CMRL UG Project 1 Day
330th Oct to 01st
Nov ‘133-Day Training on Safety in Launching
Girder Operations.Hyderabad Metro
Project3 Day
4 15th Nov 2013Defensive Driving for Drivers by
M/s. Arbrit Safety SolutionDMRC CC 27 2 Day
520th Nov to 21st
Nov 2013Safe Crane Operation for Operators by
M/s. North Star AgencyHyderabad Metro
Project2 Day
6 26th Nov 2013Height Work & Rescue Training by
M/s. KaramDMRC CC 28 ½ Day
7 27th Nov 2013She Leadrship Trainingfor Managers
by M/s. Safety CatchCMRL UG Project 1 Day
8 27th Nov 2013Defensive Driving for Drivers by
M/s. Reddy Driving InstituteHyderabad Metro
Project1 Day
9 07th Dec 2013Hazard Identification & Risk
Assessment Training by M/s. Safety Catch
CMRL UG Project 1 Day
10 17th to 18th Dec 2013Two Days Training on ‘Construction
EHS Requirements’Hyderabad Metro
Project2 Day
11 18th Dec 2013In-House Training Program on ‘Safety
in Launching Girder’Kolkata Metro Project ½ Day
12 21st & 22nd Dec 2013Two Days Training on ‘Construction
EHS Requirements’Kakrapar Atomic
Power Plant Project2 Day
Heavy Civil Infrastructure
37HELMET Oct - Dec 2013Water & Renewable Energy
Storm Water Drainage Project, Jabalpur October 2010 to December 2013
Hogenikkal Water Supply & Flourosis – mitigation Project Pkg. 5, WSD BU- KrishnagiriJuly 2011 to December 2013
Storm Water Drainage & Reservoir – Paradip Refinery Project IOCLJune 2010 to November 2013
Punjab Water Supply & Sewerage Scheme Jalandhar & Hoshiarpur ProjectDecember 2010 to December 2013
Trans Varuna Sewerage Work, VaranasiNovember 2009 to December 2013
Nalgonda Underground Drainage & Water Supply Scheme – NalgondaJuly 2007 to November 2013
Underground Drainage & Water Supply Improvement Scheme- NizamabadMarch 2008 to November 2013
Nellore Water Supply Improvement Scheme – NelloreFebruary 2008 to November 2013
12
5 4
Helmet congratulates the following sites for achieving three million and more LTI free safe man-hours
SafetyRoll of Honour
TRAINING PROGRAMMESSafety
Date Name/Subject of the Training Program Trainer NameDuration
(Days/hours)No. of
participants
04-Oct P&M Safety, Mumbai V.Balaji 1
Oct 7 & 8 Pravas, Mysore V.Balaji 2 33
04-Dec IPM,Chennai V.Balaji 1 10
Dec 5 & 6 Construction Safety Programme, Hyderabad V.Balaji 1 24
16-Dec EHS Competence Building workshop, HQ V.Balaji 1 25
Dec 20 & 21 Construction Safety Programme, Jodhpur P.Mathivanan 2 20
Dec 26 & 27 Construction Safety Programme, ChennaiV.Balaji, S. Anantha Prasanna Venkatesh
2 25
38 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Making sites electrically safe
Electrical safety is a major concern at all construction sites since any electrical power, installed at a construction site can injure and kill workers
unless several basic precautions and safety procedures are followed. When electricians perform work on electrical equipment in accordance with basic safety measures, risks are minimal.
Electrical hazardsSome of the common electrical hazards found in a construction site are overhead power lines, working on ‘hot’ ‘energized’ circuits, grounding plugs for all electrical cords and falls from working overhead. Ladders, scaffolding and materials less than 10 feet from power lines risk contact, and in turn, may electrocute anyone using them.
Electrical hazards are classified as primary and secondary hazards.
Primary hazards1. Electric Shock
2. Electric Fire and
3. Electric Burns
Secondary hazards1. Persons Falling from Height and
2. Dropping of Tools and Objects
Electric ShockElectric shock is sudden and accidental stimulation of the human body’s nervous system as a result of passage of electric current
The shock occurs due to an electrical passage of two different voltages at the same time such as Phase to Phase, Phase to Ground and Phase to Neutral.
The severity of shock depends on the following parameters:
1. Body Resistance
2. Duration of Flow
3. Path of Flow
4. Amount of Current
5. Area and Grip of Contact
6. Voltage
Effects of current levels in human body shock protection measures
Current Reaction
UPTO 1 mA Barely perceptible sensation
1 to 2 mA Irritating current threshold
2 to 7 mA Vigorous muscle nerve reaction
7 to 10.5 mA (women)
Finger muscles convulse, may not be able to relinquish grip on live conductor9 to 15 mA (men)
15 to 20 mAConvulsion, subject freezes to conductor
20 to 30 mA Restriction of breathing begins
30 to 50 mAMay withstand current without losing consciousness
50 ma to 150 mAExtreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscle reactions. Death is possible.
1 A to 4.3 ARhythmic pumping action of heart ceases. Muscular contraction and nerve damage occur. Death is likely.
10 ACardiac arrest, severe burns. Death is probable
y Isolate the areas of live electrical lines through Visible Warning Signage, LOTO (Lock out Tag out System), Authorised Electricians on the Job, Use only Over Head / Underground passage of Electrical lines
y Use only low voltage tools and equipment such that the severity of shock is reduced
Severity of Shock
Resistance
Path of Flow
Area & Grip of Contact
Duration of Flow
Amount of Current
Voltage
Water & Renewable Energy
39HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
y Always use double insulated electrical lines
y Ensure that all equipment are earthed properly and is inspected periodically with qualified electricians
y Ensure that all electrical connections are routed through the Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB 30 mA) and checked regularly
The following actions are to be made to ensure electrical hazards are under control:
i. Only licensed electricians shall be allowed to work on electrical systems
ii. Ensure that all power supply cables are laid properly and neatly so that they do not pose risk to persons working
iii. Access to electrical panels/switches shall not be blocked. Rubber mat shall be placed in front of all electrical panels. Fire extinguisher shall be kept near every electrical panel and temporary switch boards. Danger board and CPR* chart shall be displayed.
iv. All temporary distribution boards/ kiosks put up at work site shall be suitably protected from rain and the level of same shall be high enough to avoid contact with water due to water logging
v. Distribution boards at the construction site shall have the means of electrical isolation outside the cabinet, must be protected by fuses or circuit breakers and an RCD*, must have lockable doors and must be earthed / grounded
vi. Allow only correctly rated HRC* fuses. Use rated tools/gloves while removing/fixing fuses
vii. Ensure that only industrial type extension boards and plug sockets are used
viii. Residual current circuit breaker (RCCB-30 mA) shall be used on all extension cords. All extension cords shall have third wire grounding conductor installed
ix. Electrical equipment must be switched-off and disconnected from the power supply before carrying out any repair or maintenance. LOTO* and PTW* is mandatory to work on electrical systems
x. All electrical equipment, except for double insulated power tools, must be effectively earthed
CPR: Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
RCD: Residual Current Device
FDB: Fuse Distribution Board
PDB: Power Distribution Board
SDB: Sub Distribution Board
HRC: High Rupture Capacity,
LOTO: Lock Out Tag Out
PTW: Permit To Work
ELR: Earth Leakage Relay
Fuse Distribution Box (FDB)
Earth Leakage Relay (ELR) in SDB
Double door rain protected (DB)
All electrical connection shall be routed through RCCB & checked regularly
V.BalajiHead – EHS, W&RE IC
Water & Renewable Energy
40 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
IE-Bhushan Steel Limited June 2008 to November 2013
BTTL - Tezpur - Assam (PGCIL) Project September 2009 to December 2013
765 kV Wardha – Aurangabad TL ProjectsJanuary 2012 to December 2013
3X660 MW Super Critical Thermal Power Plant, TSPL, Mansa (Punjab) May 2011 to September 2013
EBOP & TC for 6X660 MW SUMPP Phase-1, Sasan September 2011 to September 2013
2X700 MW STPP RajpuraMarch 2010 to September 2013
400/220 KV S/S Warora April 2010 to December 2013
765 kV Dharamjaygarh Switching Station - PGCIL March 2012 to October 2013
RE-Projects in Jalpaiguri under BRGF SchemeNovember 2012 to December 2013
BRGF – Malda (Package – 15 & 17) July 201 to December 2013
245 KV GIS Saki August 2010 to December 2013
765 kV D/C Varanasi Kanpur Transmission Line June 2013 to December 2013
9432
Helmet congratulates the following sites for achieving one million and more LTI free safe man-hours
SafetyRoll of Honour
1
TRAINING PROGRAMMESSafety
DateName / Subject of the Training Programme
Trainer NameDuration
(days/hours)No. of
Participants
04-06.11.2013Gang Leader Training
for APDRP ProjectsAloke Chatterjee, Biplab Roy & Asif Inon 3 days 30
07-08.11.2013Safety Stewards Training for TL
Aloek Chatterjee, Asif Inon, Sukhen Nandy, Sabyasachi Pradhan and St. John Ambulance
2 days 12
13-14-11.2013Safety Stewards Training for TL
Aloek Chatterjee, Asif Inon, Sukhen Nandy, Sabyasachi Pradhan and St. John Ambulance
2 days 15
20-12-2013Safety in Industrial
Electrification Mr.J.Johnson David & Mr.Manoj Pawar 1 day 19
Power Transmission & Distribution
41HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Construction dust is not just a nuisance; it can seriously damage health and regularly breathing these dusts over a long time can cause lungs diseases.
There are three main types of dust:
y Silica Dust – It is created while working on silica-containing materials like concrete, mortar and sandstone (also known as respirable crystalline silica or RCS);
y Wood Dust – It is created while working on softwood, hardwood and wood-based products like plywood;
y Lower Toxicity Dusts – It is created while working on materials containing very little or no silica. The most common include gypsum, limestone, marble and dolomite.
Health risks Some of the main dust-related diseases affecting construction workers are:
y Lung Cancer
y Silicosis
y Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
y Asthma
Some lung diseases, like advanced silicosis or asthma, can develop quite quickly. However, most of these diseases take a long time to develop. Dust can build-up in the lungs and harm a person gradually, over time because it is not immediately obvious and by the time it is noticed, it may have assumed serious proportions. Construction workers are prone to developing such diseases as construction sites have huge levels of dust. Over 500 construction workers are believed to die from exposure to silica dust every year.
The law The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) cover activities which may expose workers to construction dust.
There are three key things:
y Assess (the risks)
y Control (the risks)
y Review (the controls)
Assess (the risks) Assess - The risks are linked to the work and materials
y Task – high-energy tools like cut-off saws, grinders and grit blasters produce a lot of dust in a very short time
Construction kicks up a lot of dustWays to control it
Power Transmission & Distribution
42 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
y Work Area – dust will build-up more in an enclosed space
y Time – the longer the work takes, the more the dust created
y Frequency – regularly doing the same work day after day increases the risks
Control the dust There are two main ways by which dust can be controlled
y Water – water dampens dust clouds
y On-tool extraction – removes dust as it is being produced. It is a type of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) system that fits directly onto the tool. This ‘system’ consists of several individual parts – the tool, capturing hood, extraction unit and tubing. It is however, important to use an extraction unit to the correct specification (i.e. H (High) M (Medium) or L (Low) Class filter unit)
y Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) Water or on-tool extraction may not always be appropriate or they might not reduce the exposure enough as per the compliance levels. Very often respiratory protection (RPE) also needs to be provided. RPE has an Assigned Protection Factor (APF) which shows how much protection it gives the wearer. The general level for construction dust is an APF of 20. This means that the wearer only breathes one twentieth of the amount of dust in the air.
Other controls y Limiting the number of people near the work area
y Rotating tasks
y Enclosing the work area to stop dust from escaping
y General mechanical ventilation to remove dusty air from the work area
y Selecting work clothes that do not keep hold of / attract dust
Review (the controls) y Having procedures in place to ensure that work is done in
the right way
y Checking whether controls are effective. Does the work still seem dusty? If so, carry out dust exposure monitoring
y Involving workers to help identify problems and find solutions
y Maintaining equipment:
¾ Follow instructions in maintenance manuals
¾ Regularly look for signs of damage. Make repairs.
¾ Replace disposable masks in line with manufacturer’s recommendations
¾ Properly clean, store, and maintain non-disposable RPE
y Supervising workers. Make sure they:
¾ Use the controls provided
¾ Follow the correct work method
¾ Attend any health surveillance where it is needed
Kumar Shailendra Head-EHS, Power Transmission &
Distribution (Domestic)
Power Transmission & Distribution
43HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Re-accreditation of PT&D (D) ICPT&D (D) IC has re-accredited for Integrated Management System (IMS) i.e., Quality Management System ISO - 9001: 2008, Environment Management System ISO - 14001: 2004 & Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems BS OHSAS 18001: 2007.
The certificate was handed over by Mr. Vinod Kumar (BVQI) to Mr. J.S. Sudarsan, Executive Vice President & Head- Power Transmission & Distribution along with senior staff members on 8th January 2014 at HQ.
Benefits of Accreditation
ISO- 14001:2004:
It provides practical tools to identify and control environmental impact and constantly improve environmental performance. It helps in:
y Reducing cost of waste management
y Savings in consumption of energy and materials
y Improve corporate image among regulators, customers and the public
BS OHSAS 18001: 2007
It helps in:
y Creating best possible working conditions
y Identifying hazards and its control
y Reducing workplace accidents and illness
y Demonstrating compliance on Occupational Health, Health and Safety, Occupational Hygiene, Counselling and Psychology to customers and suppliers
ISO-9001:2008
It helps in:
y Increasing productivity, reducing unnecessary costs, and ensuring quality of processes and products
y Business efficiency and customer satisfaction
y Creating greater motivation and dedication
Scope of Certification: Management of Environment, Occupational Health & Safety requirements at Project sites and Cluster offices (Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Jaipur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Raipur) for all Business Units.
Power Transmission & Distribution
44 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Power Transmission & Distribution (I)
Best practice Desert survival kitAs a proactive measure to work in desert areas, project A10325 of UAE has identified and implemented for use, a desert survival kit which includes 21 key contents including folding shovel, towing rope, D-shackle, first aid kit, air compressor etc.,. This kit can be extremely useful in case any vehicle gets stuck-up in sand dunes and for emergency purposes.
Antony Baskar EHS Manager
United Arab Emirates
GTC/371/2010 - Qatar Power Transmission Expansion Phase 10 – Substations, Qatar
ADPC 1001-272 - Khalifa Port & Industrial Zone 33/11kv Electrical Substations Project, UAE
21033091/00 – HHR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
N -11446 - LOT 2.2 Bab 2 to Habshan 5 and & LOT 2.3 Asab 2 Stations to Shah, UAE 220kV OHL Works
N 5629.1 - Sudah Port, UAE 132/33 KV Substation Project
N-8033 – Kalba, UAE New 132/33kV Substation Kalba
6
4
2
Helmet congratulates the following sites for achieving two million and more LTI free safe man-hours
SafetyRoll of Honour
45HELMET Oct - Dec 2013Power Transmission & Distribution (I)
To enhance the
corporate social
responsibility policy
of Larsen & Toubro, PT&D
projects had joined and
affiliated with EEG (Emirates
Environmental Group) in
UAE. An NGO that participates
in the United Nations Global
Compact, (UNGC) which is
recognized as the world’s
largest voluntary initiative
on CSR and Sustainability.
EEG brings together over
hundreds of business and
non-business participants in
all UAE regions.
30th September 2013 was a memorable moment of L&T PT&D accepting the full pledge as member of the organization. The group had joined awareness programs to align with UN route to restore and minimize changes in our environment.
Awareness camps on causes and controls to mitigate climate change, corporate water footprint, recycling and recently the cleanup campaign where 3 separate areas of Abu Dhabi, Ras Al Khaimah and Dubai had seen good success.
EEG had successfully invited hundreds of companies and sponsor’s along with media groups. All were encouraged to collect unwanted and foreign materials while enjoying the beauty of nature. This initiatve attracted all ages from school children to adults of different nationalities.
The team from L&T’s PT&D IC had a fantastic time at the clean-up campaign and returned back with a strong resolve of continuing to reflect this care for nature in their daily lives for the sake of the future generations.
P.V.Kaliappan EHS Gulf Head, United Arab Emirates
Clean-up campaign
RAS AL KHAIMAH: December 11, 2013, 20 participants from FEWA E11 project.
ABU DHABI: December 4, 2013, 20 participants from Transco project, ADDC project, Gasco project and Abu Dhabi main office.
DUBAI : December 12, 2013, 20 participants from Sharjah main office, Dubai Airport C4 project and DEWA project.
46 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Power Transmission & Distribution (I)
To achieve a unified outcome towards the global goal of preserving mother earth, it is important that as a community and organization, we should understand
the facts, figures, immediate and long term action plans that are scientifically studied and reviewed by experts around the globe with help of United Nation. This is the exact reason why L&T’s PT&D (International) IC has been a part of community lectures conducted by Emirates Environmental Group (EEG).
Reducing carbon emission was one of the memorable milestones of the organization by making sure that as a corporate company, we create awareness and encourage to make sure that all equipment that has possibility of producing carbon are adequately maintained and if possible reduce the usage by substituting it through other ways.
Awareness on reasons behind climate change, its impact and proposed solutions for mitigation is being created. Nowadays, the effects of climate change are visible and recognizable. This indicates that change is rapidly affecting the earth. Therefore there is a pressing need to act fast.
Protecting our earth comes with plenty of angles to consider. There is no specific and single solution to solve such problems. It should be a helping hand-in-hand with monitoring systems to address cause of the problem.
One of the known actions is the awareness on recycling, reducing and conserving resources. We can now understand that awareness on such areas is good but is happening in a slow phase. People do understand but have difficulty in implementing it. That is because this should become a part of culture where everybody will implement recycling, reducing and conserving of resources in their normal daily lifestyle.
In relation to conserving resources, L&T’s PT&D IC (International) had been a part of a lecture where it focuses on water foot print. It is essential to know how much water we are using especially as an organization. As an organization, we need to set a based line to know if we conserve or consume more.
Therefore, monitoring usage on water, fuel and even recycling materials are being recorded. It is being incorporated with project targets to make sure that specific and acceptable percentage is set as an alarm. So far, the management had decided to set a target not exceeding a normal activity consumption of 5 percentages.
Dr Ravi Kumar Rajappan EHS Manager
United Arab Emirates
47HELMET Oct - Dec 2013Power Transmission & Distribution (I)
Conducting a specialized study is an essential strategy to prevent incidents in Oil & Gas field projects. The main objective is to undertake the HAZID (Hazard
Identification), ENVID (Environmental Identification) and OHRA (Occupational Health Risk Assessment)study early-on in the project life to identify key issues for resolution.
The study will identify hazards, risk including control and mitigation measures for all project phases that aims to conclude a risk level to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) such as;
y Conceptual design and feed y Engineering procurement and construction (EPC) y Operation y Decommissioning-disposal.
The workshop studied on a based line from previous ADNOC/GASCO standard checklist, industries best standards and ADNOC Codes of Practices on Occupational Health Risk Management [OHRM] (ADNOC-COPV3-01 version 3, May 2013) including local and international standards. Though the study is not intended to be totally exhaustive, a constant feedback from users is preferred to maintain the most effective current working version checklist. The checklist sample guide word are hydrocarbons (unrefined / refined), explosives, pressures, differences in height, object under induced stress, dynamic situations, natural environment, electricity, physical, and toxic atmosphere which are relevant to the project.
To make it simpler, the hazards were studied under the stages such as external and environmental hazards, facility hazards, health hazards, project implementation issues, environment aspect from planned and unplanned activities (air quality, noise,solid waste generation and disposal, liquid discharge and disposal, ecology, OHRA physical, chemical,biological, ergonomics, psychosocial.
After such analyses, it was sub-divided into another level of hazards such as natural and environmental hazards, created (man-made) hazards, effect of the facility on the surroundings, infrastructure, and lastly environmental damage. Also, facility hazards were sub-divided again into:
y Control Methods/Philosophy y Fire and Explosion Hazards y Process Hazards y Utility Systems y Maintenance Hazards y Construction/Existing Facilities
y Implementation issues such as contracting strategy
Benefits of using HAZID / ENVID / OHRA review
1. Full recognition of the importance and interdependence of all HSE aspects at the outset of the development.
2. The potential to affect major changes to philosophy / design at very early stage before significant financial commitment is made.
3. Identification of specific hazards and threats within a project life cycle.
4. An opportunity to consider the HSE implication of alternative process design as part of the selection process between possible design options.
5. Identification of all the intended emissions from the facility. This will focus the design effort on the minimization of such emissions as well as on compliance with Company and legal requirements.
6. Identification of processes or tasks that might pose health risks to personnel. Establish an inventory on chemical, biological and physical agents which are potentially hazardous to health.
S. Nellaiappan EHS Manager, GASCO Project,
United Arab Emirates
Project HSE studiesGASCO 5273 - 220kV / 132kV package unit substation and 33kV substation - Al Maha camp, Abu Dhabi
48 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
A clean workplace is also a safe workplace
Housekeeping is one of the major functions in creating an incident free workplace. It plays a role of stimulating the work force to work safely and
comply to procedures since tidiness encourages legitimate performance. Several accidents are caused by people tripping, slipping and falling over material and equipment which have been left lying around. A number of environmental problems could be avoided if materials are disposed off properly instead of being allowed to escape into the surrounding area. This is one area where everyone on a project site can make a significant contribution to environment, health and safety.
Below are some basic tenants to act upon:
1. Check whether housekeeping is at acceptable levels before commencing work. If not, proper housekeeping should be done.
2. Ensure all wastes are disposed in the correct skip/bin.
3. Do not obstruct gangways, aisles or stairways with tools or material.
4. Make sure that the working area is free from obstruction and remove unnecessary material before start of work.
5. Make sure that spilled oil, grease or liquids are cleaned up from floors and the contaminated clean-up material is disposed in the correct skip/bin.
6. Position all cables and hoses out of the way. Wherever possible, do not lay them across a pedestrian walkway.
7. If not possible, provide protection to the cable by means of wooden planks.
8. Temporary trailing cables to be organized properly to avoid tripping hazards.
9. Look out for sparks and hot slag falling from welding, cutting and other hot work and make sure that people below are protected and covered by use of fire blankets.
10. An accumulation of waste material provides a good starting point for fire. Do not let it happen.
11. Ensure that the waste disposal area is kept tidy and containers are removed in adequate time to prevent spillage.
Individually or as a group: everybody has to comply to the following:
1. Do not leave rubbish lying about - clean up as one leaves
2. Do not obstruct gangways, aisles or stairways with tools or materials.
3. Gather up any unwanted materials before start of work and dispose in the skip/bin.
4. Never place any equipment or material where there is no security personnel to monitor it.
An attitude to maintain good housekeeping will not only prevent incidents but also develop a positive behavior to act proactively. It requires a commitment from the company and individuals to make sure that such principles continue to nurture the EHS culture.
Nick Abalde EHS Manager,
C4 Airport Project
Power Transmission & Distribution (I)
49HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Safe piling operation
Pile is a deep foundation that are used where soil in shallow depth does not provide enough bearing reaction to support a heavily loaded pier, column
or other member that transfer loads (moment, axial load or lateral thrust etc.).
In specifying the use of piles, the designer should be aware of, and assess the risks from, the following principal hazards. Where these risks cannot be eliminated or reduced during the design process, the planning engineer has to transmit this information via the pre-tender health and safety plan to the prospective principal contractors (Specialized agency). The prospective principal contractors must outline the control measures proposed in respect of these ‘significant hazards’. When the project reaches the construction phase, the principal contractor must control the hazards and risks as outlined in his construction phase plan.
Some possible hazards and risks y Health hazards such as contact with contaminated risings
or groundwater and contact with hazardous materials or dusts.
y Noise, Vibration (HAVS/WBVS), Dust, etc. y Contact with plant or machinery during lifting, slewing
and pitching of piling elements, the movement of piling rigs, etc.
y Plant instability caused by gradients, variable ground conditions, and/or inadequate bearing capacity
y Hazards of buried or overhead services y Collapse of excavations, nearby structures y Slip, trip and fall of man or materials
Issues to be considered y Ground conditions y Identified buried features including cables and pipelines y Stability of adjacent structures, in terms of foundations
and superstructures
Safety considerations during the piling operation
y The stability of the surrounding structures is a prime safety consideration
y All underground services should be located by utilities detectors i.e. cable detectors, gas pipeline tracers, etc. and made safe. A careful investigation should be undertaken to ensure there are no cellars, underground water courses, or ground conditions, which could lead to hazardous situations.
y No objection certificates should be obtained from all concerned authorities prior to start of piling operations.
y All workers on the operation should be trained in the particular ‘Method Statement’ to be used.
y All cranes, lifting appliances and lifting gear must have appropriate test certificates proving periodic statutory examination and must be adequate for the job on hand.
y Such equipment (Pile Rig, Crawler cranes, Vibro hammers, Back hoe loader etc.) should be placed on a firm level base and /or crane footing mats should be used.
y All heavy vehicular movements should be controlled by trained and competent riggers/bank-man only.
y Consideration should be given to the risk of damage to lifting gear from sharp edges.
y Noise and vibration are particular hazards and all persons associated with the operation should wear the appropriate protective clothing and equipment such as hard hats, eye and hearing protection.
Relevant Legislation
y Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998 (LOLER 98)
y Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER 98)
y Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 y Abu Dhabi EHSMS Regulatory Framework, Code of
Practice EHS RI – CoP 46.0 Version 2.0 February 2012
M. Vasudevan EHS In charge-FEWA E11 Project, UAE
Power Transmission & Distribution (I)
50 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
EHS leading & lagging indicators Accumulated Statistics from April 2013 to Dec 2013
Analyzing the EHS Leading & Lagging indicator data are crucial to inculcate accurate preventive measures and controls for achieving EHS goals.
Leading Indicator Analysis
As per Frank Bird’s theory, identifying the most common near miss occurrence will guide us to create actions to prevent it from happening again and avert any major incident also. In line with the last three quarters’ near miss statistics of GCC PT&D projects, we could conclude that it is necessary to take action on unsafe acts done by individuals. i.e., it is due time to strength in the EHS awareness, behavior based trainings as well as provide strict disciplinary actions to individuals.
Also, analysis of EHS Audit Nonconformance Report (NCR) and Observations are equally important like conducting an EHS management system audit. This analysis will guide us on where we need a focus. As per the analysis, compliance to legal requirements and implementation, adequate engineering controls for hazard elimination will significantly improve the EHS management system.
Lagging indicator analysis
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Legal RequirementsEngineering Control
EducationInspection System
MotivationDocumentation
Waste ManagementWelfare
GCC PT&D Audit NCR's & Observations Statistics
0 5 10 15 20 25
Fall of loose material from Height
Slip and fall
Unsafe act of individual
Chemical Storage & handling
Unsafe operation of Plant & machinery
Inadequate PPE
GCC PT&D Near Miss Statistics
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Fall from heightSlip & Fall on level
Fall of MaterialsPressed between Objects
Hit by ObjectsStruck against object
Contact with Hot ObjectsForeign body in eye
Heat StressOthers
GCC PT&D First Aid Statistics
Power Transmission & Distribution (I)
It is also helpful to study the statistics of first aid cases. We can provide adequate control measures on specific activities to highlight the said analysis. For example, the first aid cases caused by ‘hit by an object’. This shows that during lifting activity, either manual lifting or using lifting equipment, workers not related to such activity were not restricted or workers who are actually doing the lifting activity are not focused on the task. To prevent such incidents, it is necessary to barricade areas where lifting activity is ongoing and if risk is high, it is imperative to provide flagman. Toolbox meetings and awareness talks shall go along way with these measures.
B. Rajagopal EHS Manager
United Arab Emirates
Severe Injury or Fatality
Major Injury
Damage in Property
Near miss
51HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Setting global benchmarks
Saudi ARAMCO is one of the prestigious clients in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who is very keen on maintaining safety standards to world-class
levels. The client has established key safety requirements and guidelines that need to be complied to. The requirements and guidelines have been divided into 2 criteria such as:
y Rules and Regulations
y Contractor EHS Requirements
Rules and Regulations
y Construction Safety Manual (CSM Revision #: 5, October, 2011)
y General Instructions (GI)
y Plant Safety Manuals, if the activity inside in any operating facility
Contractor EHS requirements
y Contractors shall submit for approval a Contractor Site Safety Program (CSSM), previously called Loss Prevention Program, to Loss Prevention Department (LPD).
y It is required to deploy safety staff to all activities that complies the ratio guidelines given by the client.
y The contractor shall conduct and create a Hazard Identification Plan (HIP).Basically, HIP is not similar to Risk Assessment (RA).
y Also, the contractor shall organise and create an Emergency Response Plan (ERP), Heat Stress Plan (HSP), site layout plan, waste management plan.
y Apart from the above, contractors employing more than 50 people, shall contractually arrange a designated medical facility as per the requirement of Saudi ARAMCO Medical Services Organization (SAMSO).
There are special safety requirement such as;
y Job site safety log book shall be maintained at job site office.
y Contractor shall provide written evidence that its employees clearly have authority to stop their own work due to unsafe conditions or acts.
y Contractor shall provide a dedicated ambulance at each work site clinic.
y Camp accommodation rooms shall have not less than 50 sq.ft of air conditioned living area per person.
y A properly completed Confined Space Entry Permit (CSEP) shall be obtained to enter excavations equal to or greater than 1.2 m deep.
y Mechanical excavators shall not be used within 10 feet around underground utilities.
y Only specific manufacturers and brands of system scaffolding are permitted to be used.
y Full body harness shall withstand a load of support minimum 2,268 kg dead weight.
y Snap hooks and carabineers shall have self-closing and self-locking type for fall protection equipment.
y An arc flash suit shall be worn when working on or near electrical equipment.
y Man basket crane lift shall not be performed in wind speed exceeding 25 kilometers per hour.
y A scaffold plan shall be prepared and erected only by specialized scaffolding contractor for all scaffolds over 12.2 meters height.
A Mohammed Rafq Asst. EHS Manager, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
No of Employees
Safety Manager Required
Min. # Safety Supervisor(s)
Required
Ratio of Safety Officers to Employees
Present (min.)
1 – 25 No No None
26 – 50 No One (1) None
51 – 500 No One (1) 1 : 50
501 – 1,000 Yes1 for every 10 safety officers
1 : 50
1,001 – 5,000
Yes1 for every 10 safety officers
20 officers plus additional at
ratio of 1 : 100
5,000+ Yes1 for every safety 10 officers
60 officers plus additional at
ratio of 1 : 150
Power Transmission & Distribution (I)
52 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
L&T believes that education is an effective way to cultivate people into the right culture and knowledge. The more a person knows about the risk or the result of non-compliance, the more he or she will be vigilant in following the same.
Choosing the right training to serve the purpose of reducing or even removing incidents and accident is one of the main challenges to an organization. PT&D (International)therefore aligns the trainings topics to the present activity’s risk and provides education on what appropriate control measures has to be put in. In this way, the EHS team ensures that
people know what to do to be safe and also become efficient in what they do.
Another key factor in conducting trainings is how much do the attendees absorb? Measuring it by on the spot questioning or even conducting an examination is an effective way.
0 2 4 6 8
Basic First Aid & Fire Warden
Construction Safety
Dust Inhalation
EHS Inspector
EHS Internship
EHS Plan Orientation
EHS Steward
Emergency Drill
Heat Stress
Housekeeping & Waste …
IMS Orientation
Induction
Man & Machine
Raft Concrete
Rigger
Scaffolding & Rigger
Work on Mountain Slope
Working at Height
UAE Trainings
0 2 4
H2S Awareness
First Aid Training
Hand safety
Fire safety at work
Fire Watch Training
Transformer placing(Onsite)
Heat Stress
Environmental Awareness
PPE Awareness
Defensive driving
Cable pulling & laying
Desert Hazard & UXO …
Working at Height
Safety devices are designed …
Loto Training
Kuwait Training
0 1 2
Safety in Construction
In House Training - Environmental Awareness
Mock Drill & Fire Extinguisher Training
Emergency mock drill
HSE In-House Training
Qatar Training
0 1 2 3 4
Case Study
KSA Training
Power Transmission & Distribution (I)
TRAINING PROGRAMMESSafety
53HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Petroleum Development of Oman Conferred the HSE Shield for 1 year Injury free operation to LTO’s Power system upgrade Project
PDO HSE shield - 2013
In LTO, EHS is a core value which is reflected in our policy. We are committed to provide healthy & safe working atmosphere to employees & related parties.
This approach has led us to achieve an outstanding accomplishment of 1 year injury free operation in Power System Upgrade Project. PDO aptly recognized this milestone by presenting a HSE shield to Mr H. D. Jagam, Head (EHS) during the Monthly Contractor HSE Meeting.
It was awarded by Mr. Mohamed Al Aghbari – UIE (Utility infrastructure Electrical Head) & Mr. M. Al-Amri – UIE /5 – Contract Holder.
LTO also achieved 0.84 million Safe Man-hours in the same project adding another feather to the cap.
This project was awarded to LTO in March 2012 and the scope involves construction of New 132kV outdoor substation at Al Khalata, 132kV OHL LILO for Al Khalata SS (~6.6Km), 132kV OHL between Harweel – Thulailat (~68Km), Bay extension at Harweel & Thulailat 132kV SS, New 132kV outdoor substation at Al Amin -2, Modification at Murmul & Amalstream 132kV SS and Modification at Amin & Nimrwest 132kV.
“In LTO, working safely is the condition of employment and we strive to ensure that our safety values become part and parcel of life. This award reinstates our belief that all accidents are
preventable. All we need to do is to pay attention to what we are doing, to use our common sense and take time to do things in a correct way. This automatically becomes a safe way.” says Mr. P. R. Surendhra Babu, Chief Executive, LTO.
Mr. T. Madhava Das, VP &Head– PTD International Cluster - I and Mr. P. R. Surendhra Babu, Chief Executive, LTO congratulated the PDO team for achieving this commendable feat.
Larsen & Toubro Oman
54 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013 Larsen & Toubro Oman
TRAINING PROGRAMMESSafety
EHS training for spouses
It was shocking news for all that 4 Omani family members were found dead on their bed in an early morning fire accident in Muscat. As per the authority, cause of death is due to carbon monoxide poisoning.
The company management not only stresses on ‘on the Job safety’ but also on ‘off the job safety’ for staff & their family members. In line with this, initial fire responses
training was organized for housewives on 4th October 2013 at corporate office, Ruwi, Muscat to appraise them about the risk of fire and carbon monoxide poisoning. A total of 22 spouses along with their children attended the programme and were benefitted.
Mr. Harshawardhan D. Jagam, Head of EHS handled the session and informed the participants about fire prevention and initial response in case of fire, kitchen fire, use of fire extinguisher, Health & Hygiene safety. He also demonstrated practical use of fire extinguisher to the members.
55HELMET Oct - Dec 2013Larsen & Toubro Oman
Traffic safety expo 2013
The Traffic Safety Expo 2013 is a special event for
the Sultanate of Oman. Larsen & Toubro (Oman) LLC
participated in the 3rd traffic safety Expo, held from
November 11 to 14, 2013 at the Oman International
Exhibition Centre.
The exhibition was organized by Oman Expo, in
collaboration with Royal Oman Police (ROP)under the
theme ‘Traffic safety is everyone’s responsibility’. The
expo was inaugurated by Mr. Ali bin Masoud Al Sunaidi,
Minister of Commerce and Industry.
The Traffic Safety Expo 2013 was aimed at eradicating
reckless driving behavior and stressing the importance of
human value. LTO is pleased to support this initiative as
we believe that road safety is a critical area of concern and
people should be positively influenced to bring down the
rate of accidents in the country. Larsen & Toubro (Oman)
LLC has partnered with Oman Traffic Expo in the 3rd
consecutive year.
Traffic Safety Expo 2013 brought senior government
officials, senior police representatives, fire and rescue
safety officers, local authorities, industry executives,
engineers, fleet managers, other road safety related
professionals, visitors and the media together under one
roof to promote the importance of human life and to
eradicate the carefree attitude prevalent among drivers
today.
“LTO is proud to be one of the participant and exhibitor for
this important national event as we believe in contributing
towards general society wellbeing and exhibiting our
commitment with regard to traffic / road safety in Oman.
We also believe that this event is beneficial to the general
public and employees in particular.
56 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
World diabetes day
World heart day
Diabetes, one of the most common diseases today is mostly a manifestation of an unnatural lifestyle, hence called ‘a modern lifestyle disease’. LTO organized a diabetes awareness program to mark the World Diabetes Day celebrations on November 17, 2013 at corporate office, Muscat.
Over 50 employees including senior official of LTO participated in the programme that included a one hour lecture on diabetes, its causes, preventions and how patients can maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Dr. Thashli Thankachen, Physician and Diabetologist, Apollo Clinic was called to deliver the lecture. Dr. Thankachen highlighted the reasons of diabetes and ways to prevent it. He stressed on maintaining a proper lifestyle such as regulation of food and sleep, right form of nutritious and balanced diet, right form of exercise (walking, yoga and meditation), avoiding toxicants like fast food and high calorie food items&maintaining the body weight. The doctor advised everyone to exercise daily, refrain from eating fast foods which is high in saturated fats, and develop healthy eating habits.
prevention and control of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with focus on women and children as healthy children lead to healthy adults and healthy adults lead to healthy families and communities.
Dr. Joshi, Cardiologist, Hatat Polyclnic, Muscat delivered a lecture on cardiovascular disease. He highlighted the dangers of heart diseases, heart strokes, high blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, unhealthy food, obesity and importance of physical activities for keeping the heart healthy.
He also briefed the risk factors due to inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables, alcohol consumption and family history which contributes to heart diseases.
The doctor advised the participants to consume healthy food, a green rich diet, controlling salt intake, benefits of exercise particularly walking for 45 min/day for at least 5 days a week, not smoking, keeping an eye on cholesterol levels and monitoring the blood sugar levels.
To commemorate World Heart Day, L&T Oman celebrated the World Heart Day on 29th September 2013. This year, the theme of the WHD celebration is ‘Take the road to a healthy heart’. A life course approach to the
Larsen & Toubro Oman
57HELMET Oct - Dec 201357HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Bhushan Steel Limited Site - Angul (M&M)January 2013 to December 2013
Vizag Steel Plant Expansion Project - BF # 3April 2009 to December 2013
Mahan Aluminum Plant (HINDALCO)-Singrauli December 2010 to December 2013
UAIL – Rayagada July 2011 to December 2013
Coal Handling plant for NTPC - BarhAugust 2006 to December 2013
Dhamra port ProjectApril 2007 to December 2013
Wheel Manufacturing plant at Chhapra February 2009 to December 2013
Can Mill Project Hirakud SiteJuly 2010 to December 2013
SAIL-Burnpur SiteFebruary 2010 to December 2013
JSPL AngulAugust 2012 to December 2013
BALCO - Korba November 2011 to December 2013
CHP-Mahan (HINDALCO), Singrauli January 2011 to December 2013
Bhilai Steel Plant Expansion Project - BF # 8 August 2010 to December 2013
Bhilai Steel Plant Expansion Project - SP # 3August 2010 to December 2013
Engineering Workshop Limited, Kanchipuram September 2011 to December 2013
Coal Handling plant, DVC – KodermaMarch 2008 to December 2013
Coal Handling plant, RajpuraDecember 2010 to December 2013
Aditya Alumina Lapanga April 2011 to December 2013
Pot Super Structure (HINDALCO), Mahan, Singrauli March 2010 to December 2013
DB Power CHP Project RaigarhDecember 2010 to December 2013
SSTPPL CHP Project, KhandwaSeptember 2012 to December 2013
NTPC- Barh, Phase-IIAugust 2010 to December 2013
HZL (Roaster-V), DaribaJuly 2011 to December 2013
GCEL CHP Project, RaipurJuly 2012 to December 2013
APML CHP-TirodaAugust 2012 to December 2013
CRM#2 & BRM#2 JSW BELLARYJune 2011 to December 2013
CHP (INDIABULLS) Nashik August 2012 to December 2013
CHP (INDIABULLS) AmaravatiMay 2010 to December 2013
4232
2620191817151211
11101065
4
3
Helmet congratulates the following sites for achieving three million and more LTI free safe man-hours
SafetyRoll of Honour
Metallurgical & Material Handling 57HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
58 HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
Some guidelines
y Avoid use of mobile phones whilst driving - Making or receiving a call, or even using a ‘hands free’ phone, can be distracting and could lead to an accident.
y Belt-up in the back too - In a collision, an unbelted rear passenger can be seriously injured or even killed apart from injuring those in the front
y Don’t drink and drive - Any amount of alcohol, even a small amount, can impair driving
y Drive slowly and carefully - At 35 mph one is twice as likely to kill a pedestrian than at 30 mph.
y Children - Children often act impulsively, hence the need to take extra care outside schools, near buses and ice cream vans when they might be around.
y Take a break - Tiredness is considered a major factor in more than 10% of road accidents. Plan to stop for at least a 15 minute break every 2 hours on a long journey.
y Walk safely - When crossing a road always use a pedestrian crossing if there is one nearby. Wear fluorescent or reflective clothing in poor light conditions to be easily seen.
y Be alert - Observe and anticipate other road users and use your mirrors regularly.
y Use car seats - Child and baby seats should be fitted properly and checked on every trip.
y Keep safe distance - Always keep a two second gap between you and the car in front.
Road safetyRoad accidents mostly occur due to recklessness,
carelessness, overconfidence, illiteracy among drivers,
scant respect for road safety regulations, jumping red
lights, wrong overtaking especially on the highways and
in cities. Drivers of large trucks often do not pay attention
to other road users. Some buses are not even fit to carry
passengers but are being used in highways and cities with
impunity.
Most vehicles are not equipped with workable speedometers
with the result over-speeding leading to accidents.
Overloading has become normal to the extent that buses
meant to take about four passengers on a row now take six
instead. All these factors contribute to many fatal accidents daily.
The personal loss
Accidents cause unnecessary loss of lives, anguish and
trauma for the families and near and dear ones of the
deceased. They seek explanations: How did it happen?
Why did it happen? Could it have been prevented? Did
their loved one in some way contribute to the incident?
Accidents often rob a family of its bread-winner leaving
it well-nigh destitute. The lamentable truth is that all this
can be avoided if road safety is followed rigorously by all
who use the road.
Metallurgical & Material Handling
59HELMET Oct - Dec 2013
A Safety Exhibition by L&T Construction (MMH IC) was conducted on 3rd January, 2014 at Conference Hall 3 & 4 of Godrej Waterside Building, Kolkata (12th floor). The exhibition showcased the latest safety gadgets, unique technological interventions on EHS, innovative safe procedures and various Personal Protective Equipment in the form of modules and poster presentations. This was organised as an initiative towards innovative safety interventions and spreading safety awareness among employees. Mr.D.M.Shah, Executive Vice
President & Head-MMH IC inaugurated the exhibition. Many senior executives were present during the inaugural function.
Various stalls displaying the latest safety interventions were set up. Mr. D.M.Shah visited all the stalls and appreciated the efforts taken by the EHS Dept. He also suggested arranging such exhibitions in all our project sites. Nearly 1050 staff members visited the safety exhibition.
Safety exhibition at MMH IC - HQ
Metallurgical & Material Handling
Edited by Mr. V.S. Ramana for L&T Construction from L&T Construction Headquarters, Manapakkam, Chennai - 600 089. The views expressed in this magazine are not necessarily those of the Management. The contents of this magazine may not be reproduced without the written permission of the Editor. Not for sale. Only for circulation among employees of L&T Construction.
25th Road Safety Week
The beginning of the 25th road safety week was
marked with rallies and awareness camps across
the country. India has reported the highest number
of road fatalities amongst all countries in the world.
With road related accidents being one of major cause
of loss of lives, it is only imperative that an increased
level of awareness among road users can go a long way
in preventing accidents. Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways observes 11th to 17th January as Road Safety Week
and has advised all concerned states and organizations to
conduct symbolic Walkathons.
Going in line with the theme for this year, ‘When on
the road, always say, You First’, the project sites across
L&T have planned numerous activities where staff and
workmen conducted rallies and marches to infuse this
theme to the road users.
At Chennai, a ‘Walkathon’ from Manapakkam to the busy
Porur junction was carried out on 12th of January. About
300 enthusiastic L&T’ites and their family members walked
from the office premises wearing bright yellow T-shirts
and caps, holding awareness banners on the importance
of adhering to road safety rules.
The staff and their family members gathered at the HQ
campus at about 9.00 a.m and were briefed about the
day’s activities by the safety heads of various ICs. After
administering the safety pledge, the group started the
Walkathon towards Porur. The group spread itself on four
directions of the ever-busy Porur junction, handing over
pamphlets on road safety. L&T’ites advised car users to
wear seat belts and two wheeler riders were educated on
the importance of wearing helmets. Even pedestrians were
informed on the importance of crossing the road in a more
responsible and safe manner.
The L&T‘ites were busying themselves at the junction for
over an hour and they walked back to the campus with
the same gusto and a fervent hope that they have infused
some awareness among road users which would go a long
way in saving the precious lives of many.