Download - Heavy Flavours
Ivan Belyaev, LAPP Ivan Belyaev, LAPP AnnecyAnnecy
Heavy Flavours
Introduction talk at Heavy Flavour Physics SessionIntroduction talk at Heavy Flavour Physics Session
XXXXXXXXthth Rencontres Rencontres de Moriond, March 12-19 2005 de Moriond, March 12-19 2005
““QCD and Hadronic interactions at high energy”QCD and Hadronic interactions at high energy”
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 22
Heavy Flavours: QCD ≤ M
c b t c b t •““Heavy”Heavy”
• SS(M(MQQ)) is small is small • Success of Success of pQCDpQCD, ,
• Impact on HF production in hadronic Impact on HF production in hadronic environmentenvironment
• 1/M1/MQQ ( (QCDQCD/M/MQQ)) expansion expansion• Success of Heavy Quark Mass ExpansionSuccess of Heavy Quark Mass Expansion
• Impact on HF decays Impact on HF decays
•““Flavour”Flavour”• QCDQCD is “flavour-blind” is “flavour-blind”
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 33
Where Heavy Flavours come from?
• hadronic environmenthadronic environment
• CDF, D0, HERA(ep,pA), TeV CDF, D0, HERA(ep,pA), TeV fixed targetfixed target
• LHC LHC
• ee++ee-- experiments experiments
• BaBaR, Belle, CLEO(-C) , BES, …BaBaR, Belle, CLEO(-C) , BES, …
•Heavy Ion Physics is also interested in Heavy Heavy Ion Physics is also interested in Heavy Flavours :Flavours :
• ““Heavy Ion + Heavy Flavour”Heavy Ion + Heavy Flavour” →→11.5k documents11.5k documents
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 44
QCD↔Heavy Flavours
•Extraction of fundamental Extraction of fundamental EW-CKMEW-CKM parameters is impossible without deep parameters is impossible without deep understanding of understanding of QCDQCD effects effects
•New physics in rare decays New physics in rare decays
|V|Vcbcb|| B B (B(B→→XXccll)) or or dd(B→D(B→D(*)(*)ll)/dy|)/dy|y=0y=0
|V|Vubub|| BB→→XXuull endpoint endpoint
arg(Varg(Vtdtd)) CP asymmetry in CP asymmetry in BBdd→→J/J/KKSS
BB→→,B,B→→→→, …, …
arg(Varg(Vubub)) rare modesrare modes
|V|Vtdtd/V/Vtsts|| mmdd//mmss or or (B(B→→B B →→KK**))
arg(Varg(Vtsts)) CP asymmetries in CP asymmetries in BBss decays decays
VVCKMCKM
uu
cc
tt
dd ss bb
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 55
Heavy Flavours ↔ QCD
•Heavy flavour production at high energyHeavy flavour production at high energy
•Checks for Checks for (p)QCD(p)QCD
• Predictions for Predictions for LHCLHC
•Heavy flavour decays/asymmetriesHeavy flavour decays/asymmetries
• Checks for Checks for HQEHQE
• extraction of fundamental parameters extraction of fundamental parameters
•Spectroscopy/bound states Spectroscopy/bound states
•Checks for Checks for QCDQCD models and models and sometimessometimes theory theory
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 66
Beauty production at high energy
Tevatron Tevatron CDF, D0CDF, D0 √s √s ~~2TeV2TeV
•hard scales: hard scales: MMbb, p, pTT(>5 GeV/c)(>5 GeV/c)
HERA: HERA: H1, ZEUSH1, ZEUS (ep) 30/920 GeV(ep) 30/920 GeV
• Photoproduction Photoproduction QQ2 2 ≤ ≤ 1 GeV1 GeV22
• Hard scales : Hard scales : MMbb, p, pTT
•Deep Inelastic Scattering Deep Inelastic Scattering QQ22 >> 1 >> 1 GeVGeV2 2
•Hard scales:Hard scales:MMbb, p, pTT, Q, Q2 2
At least 1 hard scale (usully more): At least 1 hard scale (usully more): pQCDpQCD should work! should work!
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 77
Beauty production at High Energy
Run II Run II Moriond QCD’04Moriond QCD’04D0 Run ID0 Run IIPRL 84(IPRL 84(20002000) 5478) 5478 CDF Run ICDF Run IPRL 85(PRL 85(20022002) 5068) 5068
Too much Too much beauty?beauty?
2004-2004-OK ?OK ?
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 88
Heavy Flavour decays
•HHeavy eavy QQuark Mass uark Mass EExpansion and Operator Product Expansionxpansion and Operator Product Expansion
= = 00 + ( + (/M/MQQ))11 + ( + (/M/MQQ))2222+(+(/M/MQQ))3333+…+…
• ii are power series are power series ss(M(MQQ))
• 00 – “free quark” – “free quark”
• 11 = 0 = 0 for for ALLALL inclusive widths ( inclusive widths (bb→→ccll--, hadronic, , hadronic, bb→→ss, b, b→→ssll++ll--))
• 22 expressed through expressed through
• “ “kinetic energy” kinetic energy” 22
• “ “chromomagnetic moment” chromomagnetic moment” 22G G ( M ( MB*B* -M -MB B ≈ ≈ ⅔⅔ 22
GG/M/Mb b ))
• 33 includes Darwin and Spin-Orbital includes Darwin and Spin-Orbital
• ““non-spectator” effects at non-spectator” effects at (1/M(1/MQQ))33 : : PI,WE,WA,…PI,WE,WA,…
• Could be large ( e.g. for charm Could be large ( e.g. for charm ((cc)/)/(D(D++)=~15)=~15 ) )
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 99
Recent success
Lepton energy and hadron mass moments analysis in Lepton energy and hadron mass moments analysis in BB→→XXccll
•Availability of good experimental dataAvailability of good experimental data
• Progress in theoryProgress in theory
•B B (B(B→→XXccll))
• //BB : 1.6% : 1.6%expexp0.6%0.6%HQEHQE
• |V|Vcbcb| |
• VVcbcb = 1% = 1%expexp1%1%HQEHQE1.5%1.5%THTH
• mmbb,m,mcc,m,mbb-m-mc c ,,22,,22
GG,,33DD,,33
LS,LS,
HQET HQET result for exclusive result for exclusive BB→→DD**ll rate at zero recoil rate at zero recoil
/|V/|Vcbcb| = 2%| = 2%expexp 4% 4%THTH
BaBaRBaBaRPRL 93(2004)011803PRL 93(2004)011803
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 1010
Rare decays?
• HQEHQE works nicely for inclusive rates works nicely for inclusive rates
• Evaluation of formfactors for exclusive rates is Evaluation of formfactors for exclusive rates is difficult difficult
•Note: the progress in Note: the progress in latticelattice QCDQCD
• Remarkable exception: Remarkable exception: HQETHQET for for B→DB→D(*)(*)ll • But: experimentally a bit difficult piece of phase spaceBut: experimentally a bit difficult piece of phase space
•Exclusive rates often more “clean” Exclusive rates often more “clean” experimentally experimentally
• more difficult for theory, more difficult for theory,
• but usually fine for but usually fine for rare decaysrare decays
• a bit more difficult for experiments a bit more difficult for experiments
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 1111
B→Xsl+l-
• Theory Theory NNL0NNL0 calculation calculation
• Forward backward Forward backward asymmetry zero is a precision asymmetry zero is a precision test of the Standard Modeltest of the Standard Model
• Need Need HUGEHUGE increase of increase of experimental data setsexperimental data sets
• SuperBSuperB(u,d)(u,d) and and SuperBSuperB(u,d,s)(u,d,s)
factories factories LHCb 4.4k B→K*0l+l-/year
BaBaRBaBaRPRL 93(2004)081802PRL 93(2004)081802
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 1212
Radiative Penguins
•Inclusive Inclusive B B →→XXss
• NNLONNLO calculations in a good shape calculations in a good shape
• Useful for Useful for |V|Vubub|| extraction extraction • EEll and and MMXX spectra in spectra in →→XXuull
• the same shape function the same shape function
•exclusive exclusive B B →→KK** , B , B→→• |V|Vtdtd/V/Vtsts|| from from (B(B→→B B →→KK**))
• better for very large better for very large mmss
• experimentally limited experimentally limited only by statisticsonly by statistics
•TH: TH: B B (B(B→→00)=6.5x10)=6.5x10-7-7
• SuperBSuperB(u,d,s,..)(u,d,s,..) factories factories
BELLEBELLEPRLPRL 93(2004)06180393(2004)061803
BELLEBELLEhep-ex/0408137hep-ex/0408137
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 1313
New Peaks
• A lot of new A lot of new peakspeaks (expected and non-expected) (expected and non-expected) have been observed recentlyhave been observed recently
• (cc)(cc)
• (cs)(cs)
• (“5q”)(“5q”)
• New excited charmed baryons New excited charmed baryons
• Other peaks Other peaks
• Some of them are already “particles”Some of them are already “particles”
• Other need to be classified:Other need to be classified:• Particles, molecules, hybrids, Particles, molecules, hybrids, “N”q “N”q , … , other beasts , … , other beasts
• Fragmentation effectsFragmentation effects
•Artefacts Artefacts
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 1414
New Particles: “cs”
• 2 narrow resonances2 narrow resonances
DDss00 D Dss**00
• Isospin violation decaysIsospin violation decays
•Later seen in Later seen in
•Measure quantum numbers!Measure quantum numbers!
DDsJsJ (2463) (2463)→D→Dss**00
DDsJsJ (2317) (2317)→D→Dss00BaBaRBaBaRPRL 90(2003)24001PRL 90(2003)24001
CLEOCLEOPRPR D68(2003) 032002D68(2003) 032002
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 1515
“Expected”: hc (11P1)
•Searched from 1982 Searched from 1982
• PP-wave hyperfine splitting-wave hyperfine splitting
• CLEO-C:CLEO-C: →→ •Change a flavour after many Change a flavour after many
successful yearssuccessful yearsEXCLUSIVEEXCLUSIVE
CLEOCLEOhep-ex/0410090hep-ex/0410090
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 1616
“Unexpected”: X(3872),Y(3940)
X(3872X(3872) and ) and Y(3940)Y(3940)
•discovered in exclusive decays discovered in exclusive decays BB →→((J/J/++--)K )K and and BB→→(J/(J/00)K)K
•Determination of quantum numbersDetermination of quantum numbers “easy”“easy”
((cccc) ? ) ? DD*0*0DD00 Molecule? Hybrid? Molecule? Hybrid?
Y(3940)Y(3940)X(3872)X(3872) BELLEBELLEPRLPRL 91(2003)26200191(2003)262001
BELLEBELLEhep-ex/0408126hep-ex/0408126
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 1717
“Unexpected”: X(3940)
• X(3940)X(3940)
•Discovered in double charmonium production Discovered in double charmonium production
ee++ee--J/J/(cc) (cc) in in J/J/ recoil mass recoil mass
•Seems to be different from Seems to be different from Y(3940)Y(3940)
c0c0
cc(2S)(2S)
X(3940)X(3940)
cc
Hot news! Hot news! BELLEBELLEhep-ex/0412041hep-ex/0412041
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 1818
Threshold structures in B-decays
• 3-body 3-body BB-decays with -decays with baryons show clear intriguing baryons show clear intriguing structures at threshold structures at threshold (inconsistent with phase (inconsistent with phase space)space)
• New particles? New particles?
• Fragmentation dynamics?Fragmentation dynamics?
BELLEBELLEhep-ex/0412041hep-ex/0412041
BELLEBELLEhep-ex/0409010hep-ex/0409010
BELLEBELLEhep-ex/0409010hep-ex/0409010
BELLEBELLEPRL 89(2002)151802PRL 89(2002)151802
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 1919
Instead of Summary
•Heavy Flavours and QCDHeavy Flavours and QCD•Close (dis)connectionsClose (dis)connections
•Good progress in theory:Good progress in theory:• Theory replaces models in many cornersTheory replaces models in many corners
• BB→→XXccll, B, B→→XXss, B, B→→XXssll++ll--, …, …
• Theory is particular advanced for rare decays Theory is particular advanced for rare decays • Super BSuper B(u,d)(u,d) factories, LHC, … factories, LHC, …
•Heavy Flavours continue to produce a lot of Heavy Flavours continue to produce a lot of questions questions •A lot of new peaks A lot of new peaks
•Some of them already interpreted as particles Some of them already interpreted as particles
•A lot to do for models and theoryA lot to do for models and theory
Fantastic subject for Fantastic subject for “Rencontres de Moriond”“Rencontres de Moriond” … …
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 2020
spare
13 March'2k+513 March'2k+5 ““Heavy Flavours ”Heavy Flavours ” Ivan BelyaevIvan Belyaev 2121
Beauty production at HERA(pA)
• pA, pA, fixed targetfixed target
• √√s s ~~ 40 GeV 40 GeV
•Look for Look for bb→→J/J/→→ll++ll--
•detached detached J/J/ vertices vertices
•Only part of statisticsOnly part of statistics
•2k:2k:
nuclnbbb stat /3.12)( 5.3
2.3
nuclnbsysstatbb /)()(32)( 67
1412