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Hatchery and Design Hatchery and Design ConsiderationsConsiderations
What to do BEFORE you start?What to do BEFORE you start?
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OCEAN
1mm WELLSCREEN
OVERFLOW
EFFLUENTTREATMENT
MAIN SWPUMPS (2)
SEAWATER TREATMENT SCHEMATIC
PRESSURIZEDSAND FILTERS(PSF)
OVERFLOW TO RESERVOIR
OVERFLOW TO RESERVOIR
LARVALMODULECULTURETANKS
MATURATIONMODULECULTURETANKS
HEATEXCH.
HEATEXCH.
UV
UV
MA
IN D
RA
INL
INE
DE-GASSTORAGERESERVOIR
PUMPS
PSF
5 MICRONFILTERS
1 MICRONFILTERS
OZONECONTACTCOLUMNS
COMPRESSOR
COMPRESSOR
OZONEUNIT
OZONEUNIT
BLOWER
BLOWER
MATURATIONMODULERESERVOIRS
LARVALMODULERESERVOIRS
FRESHWATER
BRINETANKS
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Lecture 1: Farm Site Selection
Objectives:• Proper approach to site selection:
conceptualization• “Good” vs. “bad” information• Water (part 1): quality criteria, source, capacity,
tidal issues• Soil (part 2): texture, chemical properties• Vegetation, climatic, other determinants• Evaluation process (part 3)
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Conceptualizing the SiteConceptualizing the Site
• WHAT WENT WRONG?WHAT WENT WRONG?– IMPROPER SITE SELECTIONIMPROPER SITE SELECTION– INAPPROPRIATE ENGINEERINGINAPPROPRIATE ENGINEERING– INADEQUATE FINANCINGINADEQUATE FINANCING– INEFFECTIVE HUSBANDRYINEFFECTIVE HUSBANDRY
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SITE SELECTION IS CRITICAL:IT CAN DETERMINE:
• LOAN POTENTIALLOAN POTENTIAL• ENGINEERING LAYOUT/DESIGNSENGINEERING LAYOUT/DESIGNS• LEVEL OF EQUIPMENT REDUNDANCYLEVEL OF EQUIPMENT REDUNDANCY• PRODUCTION METHODOLOGYPRODUCTION METHODOLOGY• BUSINESS STRATEGYBUSINESS STRATEGY• MARKETING/SALES STRATEGYMARKETING/SALES STRATEGY
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WHY "BAD" SITES ARE SELECTEDALL THE WRONG REASONS!
• "THE LAND PRICE WAS A BARGAIN!“
• "THE GOVERNMENT WUS JUS’ GIVIN’ IT AWAY!“
• "HEY, IT WAS NEAR THE WATER!“
• “...BUT THERE WERE OTHER FARMERS NEARBY.“
• "NOBODY ELSE WANTED IT!"
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CONCEPTUALIZE THE SITE:WHAT CONSTITUTES A SITE?
• A PIECE OF LAND? COAST? COUNTRY?
• A SPECIFIC PROFIT CENTER?
• A SPECIFIC PRODUCT?
• SOCIAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL MISSION?
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ASSUMPTIONS
• STRANGER IN A STRANGE LAND
• PLAN TO UTILIZE EVERY INCENTIVE
• STRIVING FOR INTEGRATIONVERTICAL
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DISCLAIMERS
• NO SITE IS TYPICAL
• NO PROJECT IS ENTIRELY PREDICTABLE
• NO GOVERNMENT IS ENTIRELY ACCOMODATING
• MONEY DOES NOT GROW ON TREES
• THERE ARE NO GUARANTEES!!!
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Hatchery Sanitation
• Purpose 1: prevent foreign agents from entering hatchery (What does this control?)
• Purpose 2: limits disease spread to tank of origin (doesn’t run from
tank to tank, etc.
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Is clear water clean??
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Pick a good site!!!
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Hawaiian Hatcheries, Phillipines
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Typical Well Abstraction
Perforated well Perforated well screen (500 µM), 4 screen (500 µM), 4 in. PVCin. PVC
Perforated well Perforated well screen (250 µM)screen (250 µM)
2 in. 2 in. PVCPVC
2-3 hp self-2-3 hp self-priming/coolipriming/cooling centrifugal ng centrifugal pumppump
Discharge to Discharge to hatcheryhatchery
Sealed concrete pump house
high tidehigh tide
low tidelow tide
hydrologic zone
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Seawater Abstraction: well-point
Microscreen- 1mm
Pea gravel
sand substrate
Ocean bottom
24 in. perforated pipe
6-8 ft
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Seawater Abstraction: open ocean intake
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Hatchery Sanitation
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Preventive Guidelines
• Reduces vertically-transmitted pathogens:• 1) import only eggs, never juveniles/adults• 2) eggs should be from SPF/high health facilities• 3) wild individuals should be prohibited or all
water, etc. needs to be disinfected• 4) disinfect all eggs prior to stocking hatching
containers (also disinfect/destroy all shipping containers)
• chemicals: iodophores (Argentyne) 100 ppm for 10-15 min
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Guidelines for Limiting Spread
• Disinfect all hatchery and personal equipment after or between use (equipment must be clean prior to disinfection)
• sports fishermen or farmers should never be allowed near facility (political issue)
• transfer/shipping equipment, vehicles must all be disinfected whenever leaving grounds
• do not overlook any possible source of contamination
• proper hatchery design limits spread
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Biosecurity: General Issues
• Definition: the sum of all procedures in place to protect shrimp from contracting, carrying and spreading diseases
• critical to identify all known and potential vectors • critical: use only seed from SPF or high-health
facilities• stocks monitored periodically for disease using
rapid methodologies• infection of facility = shut-down, complete
disinfection (chlorine gas, formaldehyde, etc.)
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Biosecurity: General Issues
• Other potential disease sources: incoming water
• facility should be isolated from other farms, processing plants, capture fisheries
• water should be recycled• replacement water disinfected by chlorine,
ozone, ultraviolet light• avoid vectors: gulls, dogs, crabs, etc.• feeds ( prepared vs. raw)
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Part 2. Biosecurity
• Recently, fish/shrimp disease agents and associated problems have spread from foreign countries to the U.S.
• major efforts established defense against disease
• due to severity of issue, parallel efforts were undertaken to design production systems to exclude diseases
• such systems are called “biosecure”• key issue: zero water exchangezero water exchange