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Hassan al-Banna
(1906-49) al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn
• Ukhuwwa (Fratellanza) ≠ Hizb, Harakat
• al-Qur’ân dusturna (the Qur’an is our constitution)
• Islam as an all-inclusive system -- din wa dunya wa dawla (religion, world and state).
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Muhammad Rashid Rida (1865-1935)
Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838-1897) Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905)Muhammad Rashid Rida (1865-1935)
In 1898 Rida launched with ‘Abduh al-Manar, meaning ‘The Lighthouse’.
In his treatise al-Khilāfa, he sustains the need to restore the caliphate as the main legislative authority.
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Sayyid Qutb (1906-66) behind bars in an Egyptian prison
Jāhiliyya (state of ignorance)Jihād (struggle)Kāfir (unbelievers)Takfīr (the act of declaring someone as infidel or impious, excommunication)al-hakimiyya li-llah (Sovereignty of God)
Abu ‘l-Ala Al-Mawdudi(1903-79)
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Six-Day War September 11, 1978 – Camp David Accord
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The Iranian Revolution of 1978-79
The Iran-Iraq war (1980-88)
Soviet War in Afghanistan(1979-89)
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Traduzione: Un membro della Fratellanza musulmana insieme al generale Tantawi, capo del Consiglio supremo delle Forze armate, in occasione della
prima seduta del parlamento: “ Con cosa brindiamo il 25 gennaio?”Autore e fonte: Doa el Adl, Al Masry al Youm, 23 gennaio 2012
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Islam = Islamism (1800s 1914)
Islam ≠ Islamism (Islamic revival)
The Arabic name of the faith, and a word free of either pejorative or comparative associations.
Political activism in the name of Islam.
Islamism / political Islam ≠ Islamic fundamentalism*, radicalism, extremism
*Fundamentalism is borrowed from American history: at the end of the nineteenth century a Christian school of theological thought developed which called for a return to the basic beliefs (fundamentals) of Christian belief.
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ISLAMIC ACTIVISM Political Islamism
Harakat & Hizb Missionary activism
Al-da‘waSalafiyya
Jihadis Salafiyya al-jihadiyyaJihādCaliphate Qutbist
the ‘nearer enemy’ the ‘further enemy’ (Israel, US)
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Mohammad Badie, Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood
Abdel Moneim Abul Futouh
Leaders of the Egyptian Muslim Brothers
CONSERVATIVE WING REFORMIST WING
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Nadia Yassine
al-Adl wa al-Ihssane (Justice and Charity)
Suad Abderrahim
An-Nahda
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Electoral poster of Nour Party
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Tunisia – University of Manouba
Students wear the niqab
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Al-Qa‘ida in the Islamic Maghreb
Abdelhakim Belhadj, former head of the terrorist Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), leader of the Tripoli Military Council.
Basmala or Bismillah: “In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.”
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Sidi Mamoun, outskirts of Casablanca
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Titolo: 25 gennaioIl giovane ragazzo: Seconda rivoluzioneL’ufficiale dell’esercito: Festa nazionale
Autore e fonte: Makhlouf, Al Masry al Youm, 18 gennaio 2012