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Group 6
Victor Alvarez
Karen de la Pena
Kamau Pierre
Jorge Chaux
Sandra Mantilla
Andres Medellin
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A tremor is aninvoluntary, rhythmic,shaking movementproduced when muscles
repeatedly contract andrelax.
This involuntarymovement can affect thehands, arms, head, face,vocal cords, trunk, andlegs.
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To implement a mechanical interface which converts amechanical movement into electrical waveform through
a piezoelectric transducer which will be used as thesensing device. Design, fabricate and test the electronic module To understand clearly the biological, mechanical , and
electrical concept that builds this unintentional
movement of the parts of the body, in especial ourhands.
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Natural causes of tremors: Caffeine Alcohol Stress, anxiety, or fatigue Age Prescription medicines Drug abuse Low blood sugar
Symptoms associated with disorders
in those parts of the brain that control
muscles throughout the body
Heritage and Neurological disorder:
-Parkinsons
-Multiple Sclerosis
-Strokes
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Resting tremors
Action tremors
Postural tremors Kinetic tremors
Intention tremors
Task specifickinetic tremors
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It occurs when themuscles of the bodypart are not beingvoluntarily
contracted.
Most resting tremors can becaused by Parkinsonism.
Parkinsons disease is
characterized by having a
range tremor frequencybetween 4 Hz to 6 Hz.
Postural tremors have acharacteristic frequency rangebetween 5 Hz to 9 Hz.
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Benign essentialtremors
It occurs when hands orother body parts are in aspecific position for aperiod of time
Asterixis disease It occurs when the handor body part is inmotion
This tremor can beconsidered as a posturaltremor as well
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Complex kinetictremor
It occurs when tremorbecomes exaggeratedwhen the limb isdirected towards a
particular target
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These are tremorswhich will appearonly with specific
tasks or activities thatthe individual isasked to carry out
Primary writingtremor
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Essential tremors, sometimescalled benign tremors, is themost common tremor of all ofthe types.
Hands are the most affected
body part; nevertheless, it canaffect other body parts as well. Children of a parent who has
essential tremor have a 50percent chance of inheritingthis condition.
Under normal physiologicalconditions, an outstretchedhand can produce a rangetremor frequency between 8Hz to 12 Hz.
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Essential tremor-is the most common
of the more than 20 types of tremor.
Parkinsonian tremor- damage to
structures within the brain that control
movement.
Dystonic tremor-all ages who are
affected by dystonia.
Cerebellar tremor- slow, broad tremor
-extremities that occurs at the end of a
purposeful movement.
Psychogenic tremor- can occur
at rest or during postural or kinetic
movement.
Orthostatic tremor-fast (>12Hz)
rhythmic muscle contractions thatoccur in the legs and trunk
immediately after standing.
Physiologic tremor- every
normal individual and has no
clinical significance.
More About Tremors
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There is no cure formost of the tremors.
Psychogenic tremorscan be treated.
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Levodopa is usedwhen treatingparkinsonian disease.
Propranolol or betablockers are usedwhen treatingessential tremors.
Elimination ofcaffeine.
Physical therapy
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Supplying the needsof the subject(patient).
Medical deviceneeded.
Hand Tremor detectordevice.
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Hand tremor detector was implemented anddesigned putting into effect the followingfactors:
Producing accurate results
Providing consistency
Providing patient comfort and safety
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Geometry
Positioning
Clinical conditions
Design
Presentation
Affordability
Practicality
Given geometry, devised
positioning, disease
considered, convenient
design, cheap materials,
trusted brand.
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Piezoelectric sensorconverts mechanicalstress into a voltagesource
Proto-board
Optional block set up
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Testing procedure mustfollow this plan of action:
Prepare environment for
the clinical procedure Subject (patient) must be
in a relaxed stage Hand (right or left) must
be placed in a rested
position Measurement to be taken
at the index finger ormiddle finger
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Signal from transducer is :
Weak (low amplitude)Susceptible to interference
There is therefore a need to:
Provide a voltage gain of 10 volts/volt for
frequencies below 10 HzCreate a low pass filter function that has a polefrequency of 10 Hz
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SensorInput AmplifierLow Pass Filter
Envelope Detector
Display Assembly
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Performance of our hand
tremor detector will bedemonstrated with the help
of a live subject (patient) from
the audience, where a signaltremor will be displayed.
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We were able to employ various different methods to meetthe specifications as dictated by the explicit projectrequirements, the component requirements, or by thecharacteristics of the tremor itself.
Important details such as noise had an effect for which thecalculations could not account for, and all components of ourdevice had to be tested thoroughly before completion.
This project allowed us as a group to accomplish hand tremortesting methods that can be implemented in hospitals for theconvenience to the physician, but in special to the patient thatis needed of this service.
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Compact sized
Improved Portability
Affordability in theMarket
User-Friendly
Will be easier to read Accuracy of readings
will increase
Future Prototype