From Survey to Sustainability –Groundwater Experiences of
Maharashtra
VikasVikas KharageKharageDirectorDirector
Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency,Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency,Water Supply and Sanitation Department,Water Supply and Sanitation Department,
Government of MaharashtraGovernment of Maharashtra
Road map Salient Features Survey Work Network of Observation wells GW Quality Network Scientific Approach Drinking Water Hydrology Project Community Approach Own Initiatives & Innovations Water Security and Sustainability
Salient Features
Maharashtra: Rainfall
Maharashtra- Situation….
HDP 28%MDP 44%UDP 28%
Basins Geomorphology
River basins: 05, Sub-basins: 15Elementary watersheds: 1505
GP
25
GP-26
Maharashtra: Situation….
82%
5%4%9%
Basalt Metamorphic Sedimentary Alluvium
Yearly Recuperation
HundredsYear Old
Thousands YearOld
Geology Hydrogeology
Domestic5%
Industrial10%
Irrigation85%
Maharashtra: Situation ??
Adverse – Nothing Favorable
Still More Dependency on Groundwater Resource
Thanks to the Visionary People who gave importance to GW
Geographical area 30.77 Million Ha
Zilla Parishads 33
Panchayat Samitis 347
Gram Panchayats 27,800
Total no of villages- 42,000+
Total habitations 86,681
Rural families 1.1 crore
Rural population 5.25 crore
Maharashtra: Statistics
Major & Medium Projects: 2488 Minor Projects: 1469 Total Potential created: 39.57 lakh Ha Potential Utilised: 24.42 lakh Ha Area under surface irrigation: 11.83 lakh Ha Total GW Recharge: 31.21 BCM GW Draft: 15.09 BCM GW Irrigation: 28.75 Ha
Maharashtra: Water Statistics
Total area under Irrigation in Maharashtra - 40.58 lakh hec.
Well Irrigation28.75 lakh hec.71 %
Surface Irrigation11.83 lakh hec.29%
Maharashtra – Water Statistics
Status: Drinking Water SupplyRural Water Supply90,000 Dug wells220,000 Bore wells14,000 Power pumps (Mini Water Supply Schemes)90 Dual Pumps18000 Single Village Schemes721 Multi Village Schemes
(Regional Pipe Water Supply Schemes)
GSDA Maharashtra – Only State having
independent Govt GW Department Machinery across State upto
District Level Governed by Water Supply &
Sanitation Department Funded through budgetary
allocation
Systematic Hydrogeological Survey of 25400 villages of the State Delineated Groundwater
Worthy and Non-Worthy Areas in these villages Village level Gw Data base
available for Development and Management
Groundwater Survey Work
Hydrogeological Survey for Drinking Water Sources in the State Geophysical Survey for
confirmation & potential area delineation Hydrogeological Survey for
GW development
Groundwater Survey Work
Groundwater Level Monitoring Network
Long duration & Strong data base for groundwater levels Research Work Policy framing Water Scarcity
Declaration & Mitigation Declaration of Over
Exploited/Critical Watersheds
Water Scarcity Prediction
Gw Levels of Oct 08 w.r.to last five years
Avg
Talukawise Actual Rainfall of 2008 w.r.to normal
Analysis of Chemical & Bacteriological Data 3370 Baseline, 397 Trend & 578
Trend-cum-Surveillance Research Work Policy framing Strategies for Preventive
Measures Declaration of water quality
affected areas
Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network
N
EW
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up to 300 mgl300 - 600 mgl600 - 900 mgl900 - 1200 mgl1200 - 1500 mgl> 1500 mgl
Scientific Approach Delineation of Elementary
Watersheds – 1505 (Notified), Mini & Micro Watersheds Base for Planning of Artificial
Groundwater Recharge & Watershed Management Basic Unit for Integrated
Planning of both surface & groundwater
Drinking Water Drilled 2.20 lakh borewells for
drinking in Rural area & fitted with Hand Pump/Power Pump Surveyed and Recommended
potential sites for dug wells/ PWS wells Augmentation to Drinking
water sources – Survey
• Institutional strengthening.•Buildings Bhujal Bhavan – 1 Chemical Labs buildings – 4, Chemical Labs - 6•Piezometer Constructed- 1136•For water level monitoring 3920 Obw +1136 Piezometers•For GW quality monitoring Base line Stations Established–3370 Data centers• DDPCs-31,RDPCs-06,SDPC-01, DSC-01•Procured GIS Database•GEMS Software
Hydrology Project – Phase I
Ahmednagar
Solapur
UjaniDam
Pune City
Hydrology Project – Phase II
Vertical Extension
Development of Hydrological Design Aids
Development of Decisions Support System
Implementation for Purpose Driven Studies
Institutional strengthening Consolidation of HP - I activities Awareness raising, Data Dissemination
and Knowledge sharing Implementation support
Community Participation
Community Participation is mandatory for Groundwater Development and Management in the State
Strong IEC Campaigns conducted at Grass Root and Political Functionaries
Dissemination of best practices on water management: issues and technology
Motivated the community to actively participate in the water management process.
Aquifer Based GW Management
Community Driven Demand Management Measures supported by supply side interventions Six Pilots Initiated under
Jalswarajya Stress on Drinking water Security
and Sustainability Decisions in Gramsabhas Planning, Implementation &
Contribution (cash & kind) through Community only
Aquifer Based GW Management
Users’ Centred Aquifer Level GW Management 3 Pilots Initiated under
Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project Groundwater Security and
Sustainability Decisions in Gramsabhas Planning, Implementation &
Contribution (cash & kind) through Community only
Community Driven Activity Implemented in around 900
Villages of the State Village level Water Management
Concept is being Revived Decisions in Gramsabhas in the
Month of Oct Every Year Rainfall, Groundwater Level
Measurement, Crop Water Planning & Implementation by Community
Village Level Watershed Water Account
Water Account of Shivni - 2004
Debit (Cr lits)
Surface storage & Runoff - 184
Soil Moisture - 95 Groundwater - 38 Total - 317
Credit (Cr lits)
Natural Taxü - 121.00
(Evaporation)
Drinking - 1.00 Irrigation - 194.75 Total - 316.75
Actual Rainfall 417 mm X Area 762 ha =
317 Cr Lits
Total Savings – 25 lakh lits
Development and Implementation of Unconventional Measures especially for Strengthening of groundwater based Drinking Water sources
7500 Measures Completed in 5200 Villages
Unconventional Measures are being Unconventional Measures are being decided on the basis of nature of rock. decided on the basis of nature of rock. In broad senseIn broad sense Hard Rock Hard Rock –– Bore Blast TechniqueBore Blast Technique Fractured/Jointed Rock Fractured/Jointed Rock –– Fracture Seal CementationFracture Seal Cementation Moderately Weathered Moderately Weathered –– Stream Blasting, Stream Blasting,
HydrofracturingHydrofracturing
GSDA own Initiatives & Innovations
Strengthening the drinking water source
Unconventional Measures
Jacket Well
Hydrofracturing
Stream Blasting Technique
Fracture Seal Cementation
Initiated 24x7 drinking water Supply in Rural Areas through Dual Pump
Installed of Hand Pump and Power Pump on Existing High Yielding Borewell
Purification System Installed to provide Safe and Potable Drinking Water especially to Schools
Sanitation Pump concept Introduced in the Rural Schools
GSDA own Initiatives & Innovations
Groundwater Security & Sustainability
Government Resolution – 14th Feb 2002
• Implementation of measures for strengthening the drinking water source Conventional And Unconventional measures.
• Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting.
• Storage tank in Hard rock to arrest rainwater
• Based on traditional wisdom and local knowledge innovative measures being taken up based on scientific and technical know-how
ShivkalinShivkalinPaniPani
SathvanSathvanYojanaYojana......
Strengthening of Source
Deepening of well
Check Check DamDam
VillageLake
Desilting
ConventionalStructures
3.Storage tank in Hard rock to arrest rainwater
2 Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting
4.Based on technical wisdom and local knowledge innovative measures being taken up
Completed works under Shivkalin Yojana
1.Percolation Tanks - 46
2. Nala Bunding - 24
3.Cement N.B. - 1530
Completed works under Shivkalin Yojana
1. UGB - 316
2. RWH - 7489
3. Recharge Wells - 925
Completed works under Shivkalin Yojana
1. Hydro fracturing - 239
2. KT Weir - 71
3. Village Tank - 371
Completed works under Shivkalin Yojana
1. UCM - 71
2. Others - 2078
Based on technical wisdom and local knowledge innovating measures to be taken up based on scientific and technical know-how
Babhalgaon Gabian Bandhara, District Latur
Borewell Recharging
Farm-Pond
Vanrai Bandhara
Conversion of Ineffective Percolation Tank by constructing
Borewell-shaft
Impervious Layer
Pervious Layer
Impervious Layer
Pervious Layer
Filter
De-silting of CNB
De-silting of Nala Bund
Preparation of Groundwater Atlas
• GoI Assisted Project under Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Technology Mission
• Preparation of GW Atlas on topo-sheet Scale
• Useful in GW Development and Management
Ground Ground Water Water
prospecprospect Mapt Map
Maharashtra : Issues & Remedial Measures
N
EW
S
SateSemi-criticalCriticalOver-exploitedוֻÆüÖ ÃÖß´ÖÖSugar Factory
Over-exploited area vis-a-vis Cash Crops
Categorization
LOOSE BOULDER STRUCTURE
CONTINUOUS CONTOUR TRENCH
Integrated Watershed Development & Artificial Groundwater Recharge
LOOSE BOULDER STRUCTURE
VANARAI BUND
CEMENT BUND
PERCOLATION TANK
FARM POND
Continuous Contour Percolation Trench
DPAP Watershed Development Programme District Osmanabad
(Before Rainfall) (During Rainfall)
After Monsoon(well dry since last 5 years, at present irrigating 2 ha in rabbi)
IEC Campaigns
Achievements
National Water
Award 2007
GROUNDWATER SURVEYS AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (GSDA)BHUJAL BHAVANShivajinagar,PUNE– 411 005.
Vikas Kharage I.A.S.Director
S.B. KhandaleJoint Director
Telephone -020 – 255 13 715, (16, 18)
Fax -020 – 255 33108
E-mail [email protected]@mahagsda.org
Web Site -www.gsda.maharashtra.gov.in
Thanks