Download - Green Cities and Good Health
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Green Cities & Good Health Austin State of the Urban Forest Summit
Dr. Kathleen Wolf College of the Environment University of Washington
January 2011
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Ecosystem Services Typology Ecosystem Services
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
2005
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Image courtesy of the Center for Urban Forest Research
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Image courtesy of the Center for Urban Forest Research
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Image courtesy of the Center for Urban Forest Research
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Image courtesy of the Center for Urban Forest Research
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Why are city trees & urban greening important?
human health, functioning, &
well-being
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Finding that study . . . . . .
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http://www.greenhealth.washington.edu
first phase: June 2010
summaries complete: Dec 2010
additional products
Research Reviews
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Research Reviews
sponsors: University of Washington USDA Forest Service, U&CF Program NGO partners
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a treasure trove!
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1,706 articles
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City Trees & Nature Active Living
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Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 1985
(*BMI !30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14%
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Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults 2008
(*BMI !30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% !30%
doubling of U.S. obesity rate since 1980s
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CDC’s Division of Diabetes Translation. National Diabetes Surveillance System available at http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics
Age-adjusted % of adults aged !20 years who are obese, 2007
MMWR 58:1259-1263, 2009
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majority of Americans not active enough goal-30 minutes per day of moderate activityto reduce risk factors for chronic diseases
"(heart, stroke, cancer, diabetes)significant costs to national health services"
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parks, open spaces & trails
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Nature, Human Health & Walkable Neighborhoods
! Outcomes: Elderly People & Walking ! less illness ! lower mortality rate
! Environments: Neighborhood Streets (Tokyo) ! tree - lined ! parks
Takano, Nakamura, Watanabe. 2002. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health#
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1,706 articles
% distribution
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City Trees & Nature Community Economics ! Residential real estate values -
3-7% with trees in yard ! Residential real estate values -
5-20%, proximity to natural open space ! Commercial property rental rates - 7% ! Improved consumer environments in business
districts - 9-12% product spending
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Kaplan, R. 1993. Landscape and Urban Planning."
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the better office cubicle!
bottom line = $$ benefits of trees & nature
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Trees & Retail Environments Research
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• Research Questions • trees and visual quality? trees and consumer behavior? trees and product pricing?
partners: U of Washington, NGOs, business organizations funded by USDA Forest Service
Trees & Shopper Environments Research
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Image Categories (sorted by ratings)
Full Canopy"mean 3.63
Pocket Parks"mean 3.72"(highest)
Scale : 1=not at all, 5=like very much,
26 images
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Intermittent"Trees"2.78
Enclosed Sidewalk 3.32
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No Trees mean 1.65"(lowest)"
(high - 3.72)
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Place MarketingRelationship Marketing"3. Product Pricing"
• higher willingness to pay for all types of goods"
• higher in districts with trees – 9-12%"
1. Place Perceptions"• Place Character"• Interaction with Merchants"• Quality of Products
2. Patronage Behavior"• travel time, travel distance"• duration & frequency of visits"• willingness to pay for parking"
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ALPHA: Awaji Landscape Planning & Horticulture Academy
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typical retail street in urban Japan
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Namba Parks, Osaka
view from nearby hotel
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interior retail space
ground level
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small plazas, retail entry
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passive nature experiences
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Namba Parks: retail success & nature experience benefits
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www.naturewithin.info
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http://www.greenhealth.washington.edu
first phase: June 2010
summaries complete: Dec 2010
additional products
Research Reviews
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a treasure trove!
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Nature & Psych Development children’s play & imagination
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! http://www.treeclimbing.jp/
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! physically disabled & tree climbing!
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hospitals: healing gardens
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Elders & Horticulture Therapy
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方法 実験1: 課題①:2種の土を混ぜる 課題②:土を鉢に入れる 課題③:花を鉢に植える
課題①④
課題②
課題③
10 10 1020 20 20
20 20 20
20 20 20
15 15 15
20 20 20
15
15
15
ベースライン タスク レスト
図.各課題の手順(数字は秒)
タスク レスト タスク レスト
課題① 課題② 課題③
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フォルダ装着位置は、額の正中位で且つ眉から1㎝上とした
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写真引用 福田正人,三國雅彦.近赤外線スペクトロスコピイNIRSによる統合失調症と感情障害の診断.
図14.NIRSチャンネルと標準脳との対応.精神医学49(3).P241.2007.
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園芸作業中のOxy-Hb濃度変化
-0.1
-0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
1 23 45 67 89 111 133 155 177 199 221 243 265 287 309 331 353 375
0.1sec
mM・mm ①mix
②fill
③plant
④cont
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Community Resilience
collaborative resource management Elinor Ostrom
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Namba Parks, Osaka
engineered urban greening
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Green Roof - Chicago City Hall
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Nature & Livable Cit ies!
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The High Line :: June 2009
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NUCFAC 2009 Annual Report Trees & Nature Benefits
• messages • health • quality of life • • community advantage • public values •
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www.naturewithin.info