Green Building Congress 2018
PRAMOD ADLAKHA
Managing Director
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd
Adlakha Affordable Homes LLP
Aap Ka Awas LLP
Office : F-70, Bhagat Singh Mkt, Near Gole Mkt, Near Connaught Place, New Delhi - 110001 Phone No.: 011-23344471, 72 Email: [email protected]
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
1. Siting, Form & Design: Building orientation, massing, volume, building form, natural ventilation, day lighting & open spaces.
2. External development & landscape
Hardscape & softscape, noise mitigation, vegetation w.r.t. shadows, heat island effect, parking, ecology, biodiversity, water conservation, pedestrian access, lighting & Signages
3. Envelop Optimization Performance oriented components of building - walls, roof, fenestration, floor & surface finishes.
4. Materials Structural & finishing materials Locally available material Recycled, renewable & indigenous
5. Building services optimization
Climatic responsive design for reduction in heating, cooling & lighting loads Conservation practices Renewable energy utilization
6. Construction practices Preconstruction requisites Construction management Monitoring & control of environment concerns Effective use of water Waste management Sustainable Construction Methodology Disaster risk mitigation during construction
6 Principles Applicable for Affordable Sustainable Housing
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But no consensus on what “Sustainable Development” means!
Sustainable Development is one that:
• Requires minimum resources
• Is equitable
• Promotes social justice
GENERAL AWARENESS ON UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN BUILDINGS ARE?
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APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY
By Developed Nations • Energy conservation through High-Tech Innovations & Use of materials
India’s Approach • Use of ancient wisdom & practices • Consume as little as necessary • Low cost technology & innovations • Use of recycled materials • Courtyard Concept – day light & keep heat
out • Evaporative cooling • Rain water storage
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Adopt “Bottom up Approach”. Unfortunately business interests have made the Affordable sustainable Housing beyond the capacity of common man
TO ACHIEVE AFFORDABLE – SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS
Bottom up approach Top down approach
How little is consumed How much energy saved
Pursue design understanding ancient civilization harmony with nature
Understanding through sustainability developed abroad
Uses low technology innovations Uses high technology innovations
Low cost materials & practices Uses high cost materials & practices
Is based on “green brand” Recognition is based on intent Requires expert inputs & stimulations
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What is Conventional ?
RCC foundation RCC column RCC slab & formwork
Clay Brick Walls Column Formwork
Cast-in-situ
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
FOR ROOFING: R.C. Ribbed Slab Precast Channel Roofing Precast RC Plank Roofing Precast RC Ferrocement Panel Roofing Precast RC Hollow Slab Roofing Cast-in-Situ Hollow Slab Roofing R.B. Filler Slab Roofing R.B.C. Roofing Precast R.B. Panel Roofing Precast R.B. Arched Panel Roofing CRF Sections and Ferrocement Panel Roofing Precast Ferrocement Segmental Shells Roofing Precast RC panel roofing Funicular shell roofing
FOR WALLING: Rowlock bond (Rat – trap bond), Stretcher bond, Hollow concrete blocks, Interlocking mortar less block walking, Perforated mechanized modular bricks, FAL-G modular bricks, Stone block masonry. AAC blocks (in multistoried) Cement Flyash mortar
Innovative Technologies Used For Affordable Housing
SHEAR WALL TECHNOLOGY
OTHER COMPONENTS:
Precast Ferrocement Cupboard & Kitchen Shelves
Precast Ferrocement Sunshades
Precast R.C. Lintels
R.B.C. Lintels
Precast Ferrocement steps
Precast concrete door & window frames
Ferrocement water tanks
RCC monolithic technology
Precast elements such as o Lintels, o Sunshades, o Kitchen slabs, o Water tanks, o Stair case steps, o Drains and chambers,
Under reamed piles (for load bearing walls) Interlocking pavers CRF beams
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Emerging Construction Technologies
o Precast Large Concrete Panel System (PLCP) o RCC Shear wall System o Precast Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum System (GFRG) also called Rapid Panels o Light Gauge Steel Framed (LGSF) o MODUCAST, Precast Concrete Box System o EPS Core Precast Wall Panels o Waffle Crete System o Pre-stressed Hollow Core Panels o Expanded Steel mesh panel system o Tunnel Form Technology o Speed floor Technology o Reinforced EPS core panel system o LGSFS-ICP Technology o Prefabricated fibre reinforced sandwich panels o Rising EPS (beads) cement panels o Concrewall system o 3S System o Insulating concrete form blocks walling
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2006 RAJIV GANDHI HOUSING, BAWANA, 3164 HOUSES
Roofing Precast RC planks & joists roofing
Precast ferrocement elements
Other Components Single stack system of plumbing
TECHNOLOGIES
Walling Perforated mechanized modular bricks
FAL-G modular bricks
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EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2008 BAWANA, DELHI -1184 HOUSES
TECHNOLOGIES • Modular perforated Brick Walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Slab • Precast Ferrocement Elements
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TECHNOLOGIES
• Modular perforated Brick Walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Slab • Precast Ferrocement Elements
EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2006 NARELA, DELHI - 1892 HOUSES
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TECHNOLOGIES • Modular perforated Brick Walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Slab • Precast Ferrocement Elements
EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2009 NARELA (NEAR CETP), DELHI, 1652 HOUSES
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TECHNOLOGIES
• Modular perforated Brick Walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Slab • Precast Ferrocement Elements
HOUSING FOR URBAN POOR – YEAR 2011 BHORGARH, DELHI, 1272 HOUSES
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TECHNOLOGIES • Modular perforated Brick Walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Slab • Precast Ferrocement Elements
EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2010 BAPROLA, DELHI, 5568 HOUSES
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EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2008 BAWANA, DELHI – 896 HOUSES
TECHNOLOGIES Monolithic technology
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TECHNOLOGIES • Modular perforated bricks • Precast RC Planks & Joists Roof
EWS Housing Faridabad & Palwal (ERA Group) - 578 Houses
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
TECHNOLOGIES • Mechanized
bricks
• Flyash bricks
• Precast R.C. Planks and Joists Roof
EWS HOUSING – YEAR 2016 BAKARWALA, DELHI – 240 HOUSES
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EWS HOUSING POOTHKHURD , DELHI - 10140 HOUSES
TECHNOLOGIES • RC Planks & Joists Roof In framed
structure • Flyash brick walls
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EWS Housing
Kalkaji, Delhi - 3024 HOUSES TECHNOLOGIES • Waling - CLC Blocks
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EWS HOUSING LUCKNOW, UP. – 2750 HOUSES
Monolithic Technology
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EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2009 GHOGHA, DELHI – 3680 Houses
TECHNOLOGY Projects using Monolithic Technology
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EWS HOUSING - ongoing TIKRI KALA, DELHI – 4560 Houses
TECHNOLOGIES • RC Planks & Joists Roof In framed structure • Flyash brick walls
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EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2013 BAWANA, DELHI – 704 Houses
TECHNOLOGY Projects using Monolithic Technology
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
TECHNOLOGIES • Modular perforated Brick Walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Slab • Precast Ferrocement Elements
EWS HOUSING - YEAR 2010 OMICRON, G. NOIDA, 1848 HOUSES
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AFFORDABLE HOUSING - ongoing DELHI POLICE HOUSING, DHEERPUR, DELHI - 5202
TECHNOLOGY Projects using Monolithic Technology
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LIG AFFORDABLE HOUSING GREATER NOIDA - 800 HOUSES
TECHNOLOGIES Walls :- Rat Trap Bond
AFFORDABLE HOUSING - YEAR 2013 INNO GEOCITY, CHENNAI - 500 HOUSES
TECHNOLOGIES • Hydraform interlocking block walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Roof • Stone Block masonry in foundation • Precast Boundary wall
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WORKER’S HOUSING ANJAR & VAPI, GUJRAT – 669 Houses
TECHNOLOGIES • Hydraform interlocking block walls • Precast RC Planks & Joists Roof • Precast sunshade, Ferrocement staircase • Concrete Block masonry in foundation • Precast Boundary wall
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MODI FIBRE CO, MODINAGAR MODI XEROX, RAMPUR
MODI CEMENT LTD, RAMPUR VAM ORGANIC CHEMICALS LTD. AT GAJRAULA DISTT. MORADABAD
TECHNOLOGY • Filler Slab
AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING
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DAURALA ORGANICS LTD.
TECHNOLOGIES •Filler slab
VAM ORGANIC CHEMICALS LTD., GAJRAULA
TECHNOLOGY • Filler Slab Roofing
AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING
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AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING - YEAR 1992 DAURALA ORGANICS LTD., U.P.
TECHNOLOGIES •Filler slab
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AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING - YEAR 1992 MAWANA SUGAR WORKS
TECHNOLOGIES ROOFING: Precast RB Panel RC Panel RC Ribbed slab WALLING: Stretcher bond Rat trap bond
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AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING – YEAR 1983 FOR VAM ORGANIC CHEMICALS LTD.
AT GAJRAULA, DISTT. MORADABAD, U.P. – 144 HOUSES
TECHNOLOGIES ROOFING: FILLER SLAB WALLING – LOAD BEARING WALLS (Exposed)
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AFFORDABLE CORPORATE STAFF HOUSING - YEAR 1984 MODI XEROX, RAMPUR, U.P.
TECHNOLOGIES ROOFING: FILLER SLAB WALLING – LOAD BEARING WALLS (Exposed)
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DEMONSTRATION HOUSE - YEAR 1976 K.K. NAGAR, CHENNAI
TECHNOLOGIES ROOFING Precast hollow
roofing WALLING Precast RCC hollow
wall
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EWS HOUSING BHOPAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY - YEAR 1978
TECHNOLOGIES • Under Reamed Piles • Stone Block Masonry • Walls • Precast Cast-in-situ Hollow ‘Kular’ RCC Slab
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AFFORDABLE CORPORATE HOUSING - YEAR 1993
TECHNOLOGIES • Filler slab roofing • Stretcher bond 190mm wall
DCM TOYOTA LTD, GREATER NOIDA, U.P.
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WORKER’S HOUSING FOR PUNJAB KHAND UDYOG LTD. - YEAR 1982 (PUNJAB GOVT. UNDER TAKING), AT GURDASPUR & ZIRA – 120 HOUSES
ROOFING Precast RC Plank & Joists WALLING Stretcher bond Cement – Lime Plaster
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ROOFING Filler slab roofing WALLING Rat trap bond
DEMONSTRATION HOUSES - YEAR 2010 AMETHI, U.P.
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POETRY IN BRICKS - YEAR 2009 MANESWAR, GURGAON
VERNACULAR TECHNOLOGY
CASE STUDY
Performance Evaluation by the Residents
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
Google view of entire Residential complex with 14504 houses
4,364 Houses
10,140 Houses
Land Area = 142 Acres (Approx.)
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Social Housing at Bawana, Delhi (4364 Houses)
Housing Development Highlights
• Medium Density = About 300 D.U. per hectare
• No. of storeyes = 3 & 4
• Cluster planning
• 4 Dwelling units on one floor
• Organised green spaces as Courtyards
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Typical Floor Plan in G+2 (Type I) Typical Floor Plan in G+3 (Type III)
Social Housing at Bawana, Delhi (4364 Houses)
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Social Housing at Bawana, Delhi (4364 Houses)
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
Social Housing at Bawana, Delhi (4364 Houses)
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
Social Housing at Bawana, Delhi (4364 Houses)
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
Social Housing at Bawana, Delhi (4364 Houses)
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
Social Housing at Bawana, Delhi (4364 Houses)
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
Social Housing at Bawana, Delhi (4364 Houses)
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
FAÇADE IN PRAGATI MAIDAN “DELHI PAVILION” MADE TO REPRESENT “RAJIV GANDHI HOUSING PROJECT”
RECOGNITION BY Ministry of Housing, Govt. of India & Govt. of Delhi (recognition of low cost housing projects)
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RECOGNITION BY Ministry of Housing, Govt. of India & Govt. of Delhi (recognition of low cost housing projects)
DEMONSTRATING COST EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (A CASE STUDY OF BAWANA INDUSTRIAL WORKERS HOUSING PROJECT)
Release of book on World Habitat Day
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Performance Evaluation by the Residents
(FIELD SURVEY OF OCCUPIED HOUSES)
Developed as an economical, environmental friendly and energy efficient housing
One of the first Social Housing Development in India using alternative materials & technologies.
Has bagged 6 Awards for the use of Cost-effective materials & technologies.
The largest Industrial Workers Housing in Asia, in organised sector.
The first ISO - 9001, social housing project
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FIELD SURVEY OF OCCUPIED HOUSES
• Method of Survey (i) Interview based with questionnaire survey
(ii) Observation of Surveyors
• Survey Team : Students / Researchers of Vastu Kala Academy, Delhi
• Training : By Mas-SHIP Team
• Batches : Batch of 10 students took 4 days to complete survey of 150 households
• Household selection : Random sampling
• Respondents Age : Adults of all ages
• Household Members : Average 4
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No. Variables Response About the household
1 Duration of occupancy Survey was done for households that had been occupied for a minimum of 5-6
months.
2 Number of residents in the house Infants
(< 3 years)
Children
(< 18 years)
Adults (19-59
years)
Elderly (> 60 years) -
Perceived indoor environment in summer & winter
6 Indoor temperature unsatisfactory bearable satisfactory - -
7 Air quality stuffy bearable fresh - -
8 Air movement draughty still well ventilated - -
9 Overall experience unsatisfactory bearable satisfactory - -
11 Adaptive strategy during summer Natural
ventilation
Evaporative
cooling
Ceiling fan AC -
12 Adaptive strategy during winter yes no - - -
13 Artificial lighting required during
the day
yes no - - -
14 Dampness in the house yes no - - -
16 Causes of dampness Leaking of pipes Building
material not
water
resistant
Improper
construction
workmanship
Poor design -
Maintenance and repair
17 Regular maintenance of the common areas yes no
19 Experience with respect to the
building materials used
Satisfactory
experience
Aesthetics/m
aterial finish
Nail-ability Adding/hanging
electrical points
Inability to
access pipes
for repair
Table 1: Selected questions from the householder questionnaire survey
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Foundation • Under-reamed pile foundation
Superstructure • Single brick load bearing wall using combination of modular Fal-G
brick work & mechanised modular perforated bricks with cement
flyash mortars
• Precast Ferro cement in stairs, kitchen shelves
• Precast R.C. lintel & sunshade
Roof / Floor slab • Precast RC Plank and Joists and in Roof / floor slab landings
Doors and
windows
• Mirandi Teak wood door window frames and flush door
• Grill in ventilators and windows
Table 2: Building materials used in the case study development
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Table 3: Perceived Indoor Environmental Conditions
Perceived indoor temperature in summer Unsatisfactory Bearable Satisfactory Row total
Unsatisfactory 45 11 0 56
Bearable 4 64 5 73
Satisfactory 0 6 13 19
Column total 49 81 18 148
Perceived indoor air quality in summer
Stuffy 43 24 1 68
Bearable 6 54 13 73
Fresh 0 3 4 7
Column total 49 81 18 148
Perceived indoor air movement in summer
Draughty dw (door & window) 1 1 0 2
Still 24 31 4 59
Well-ventilated 24 49 14 87
Column total 49 81 18 148
Cross tabulation of householder responses on perception of indoor temperature, air quality and air movement with their corresponding response for overall experience
Adlakha Associates Pvt. Ltd. www.adlakhaassociates.com
Table 4: Perceived Indoor Environmental Conditions
Perceived indoor temperature in winter Unsatisfactory Bearable Satisfactory Row total
Unsatisfactory 12 7 1 20
Bearable 4 85 5 94
Satisfactory 0 8 24 32
Column total 16 100 30 146
Perceived indoor air quality in winter
Stuffy 9 15 1 25
Bearable 6 84 22 112
Fresh 1 1 7 9
Column total 16 100 30 146
Perceived indoor air movement in Winter
Draughty dw (door & window) 6 24 0 30
Still 6 43 10 59
Well-ventilated 4 33 20 57
Column total 16 100 30 146
Cross tabulation of householders' responses for their perception of indoor temperature, air quality and air movement with their corresponding response for overall experience
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DAYLIGHTING
Lower Floors Upper Floors
Survey
57 out of 149 of households reported that they need to use artificial lighting during the day.
Upper floors don’t require artificial lighting during the day.
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Experience with the Building Materials & Technology
Survey
Visually analysis quality of construction and building materials.
86 Household reported presence of dampness in wet areas (kitchen and / or toilet walls.
Poor quality of plumbing workmanship.
External Facade :-
Exposed finish No painting done No deterioration noticed in
past 12 years.
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Item Conventional Alternative technology used
Advantages Savings In Cost
Foundations Isolated and step footings
Under-reamed piles In load bearing Structure
Economical as well as speedy construction
10%
Walls 230 mm Brick wall in English bond (using conventional FPS, Clay Bricks)
200 mm thick brick wall in Flemish bond (using machine made modular perforated bricks)
Reduction in wall thickness due to high strength bricks
No plaster on external faces
Heat & Sound resistance
20%
Intermediate floors & roof
Cast-in-situ RCC slab
Precast RC Plank system Saving in cement, Steel & shuttering
Cost effective (no Plaster required)
Controlled conditions
Speedy construction
Better finishes & Aesthetics
21%
Stair case Cast-in-situ RCC joist slab
Precast ferrocement steps 25 mm thick (tread & riser unit)
30%
Sunshades Cum Lintels
Cast-in-situ RCC slab
Precast RC 25%
Kitchen Platforms
Cast-in-situ
RCC slab
Precast ferrocement 25 mm thick
30%
Water Tanks RCC, PVC Ferrocement 20%
INNOVATIVE IN TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON CHART – SAVINGS IN COST
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MAINTENANCE & UPKEEP
SURVEY :
Households were enquired if they paid any charges for maintaining common areas.
Households reported :- Unaware of any Committee for maintenance.
Doors/Windows, grills, wires & switches stolen from unoccupied houses.
Kiosks for daily use items yet not allotted.
RESULTS:
Open courtyards meant to promote community interaction filled with garbage.
Stagnation of water in open drains.
Haphazard parking of rickshaws & other vehicles despite earmarked slots.
Haphazard opening of shops in residential clusters
Erosion of grass / plants / tress and green lung spaces.
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MAINTENANCE & UPKEEP
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MAINTENANCE & UPKEEP
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MAINTENANCE AND UPKEEP
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MAINTENANCE & UPKEEP
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Survey questions pertaining to location of the development
Number of responses
Yes No -
Convenient proximity to employment (n=149)
113 36 -
Convenient proximity to school/ hospital (n=149)
128 21 -
Travel time (in minutes) >20 20 - 40 40-60 >60 -
To work (n=149) 94 25 15 15 -
To school (n=90) 67 18 3 2 -
Availability of conveyance
(respondents were allowed to choose multiple responses)
Access to public transport
Walking distance
Own vehicle
Availability of conveyance is an issue
School bus
To work (n=149) 39 71 47 7 -
To hospital (n=149) 93 24 23 38 -
To school (n=90) 11 26 12 0 41
LOCATION & ACCESSIBILITY TO THE BASIC PUBLIC FACILITIES
Table 5 : Householder responses related to location of the development
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SURVEY RESULTS
Housing development located on outskirts of Delhi, approx. 30 K.M. from City centre (Connaught Place)
Out of 149 households surveyed, 119 houses were occupied on Rent.
Majority of them paid monthly rent less than half of their monthly income.
The Mall / Shopping centre, though modern, is within the complex.
Convenient proximity to employment (due to Bawana Industrial Estate).
Place of Work : 20 minutes walking distance from houses.
Substantial number of people own vehicles to commute to work & other places.
93 out of 149 households reported using public transport.
90 households out of 149 had school going children. Majority of them use school bus or had schools at walking distance.
LOCATION & ACCESSIBILITY TO THE BASIC PUBLIC FACILITIES
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LESSONS LEARNT (Issues For Sustainable Ecofriendly Built Environment)
The comfort – Temperature needs to be defined for Social Housing
Nailability issue
Flexibility of making basic alterations to interiors.
Quality of plumbing and workmanship
Terrace / Approachable / Non-approachable (Pros & Cons) :
If approachable :- Misused & leads to unauthorised construction.
If unapproachable :- Dissuades maintenance team to clean terrace from dirt & leaves leading to stagnation of water & fungus growth.
Misuse of Balcony
Require an institutional system for regular maintenance
Availability of job opportunities within accessible distance (as evidenced from survey, most of the residents were forced to relocate back to retain their jobs in city)
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CONCLUSION