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Commonly Confused Words, Mispronunciations & Grammatical Errors
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Workshop Objectives
§ To learn what everyone should know – how to write well, avoid common mistakes and grammatical errors or “grammar goofs.”
§ Review tips and techniques to better communicate your message, both verbally and in written form.
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Common Confusion & Grammar Goofs
I vs. ME THEY THEIR THERE
ITS vs. IT’S
YOUR vs.
YOU’RE
I.E. vs. E.G.
THAT vs.
WHO
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Top 40 Grammar Goofs
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1. Apostrophes q Used to show possession or contractions q NOT used to make words plural
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I took some picture’s of my new dog. I took some pictures of my new dog.
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Contractions
“You should of seen the finale of Scandal.”
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Contractions
“You should of seen the finale of Scandal.”
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Contractions
“You should’ve seen the finale of Scandal.”
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2. Contractions q Combination of two words: is not = isn’t q Should’ve = should have. NOT should of
You should of seen the look on his face! You should have seen the look on his face!
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3. Quotation Marks q Used to quote something or someone:
“Hello,” he said. q Should NOT be used to add emphasis
We provide “WOW” customer service. We provide WOW customer service.
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4. Subject/Verb Agreement q Both the subject and verb should agree q Singular subjects require a singular verb:
“The dog barks.”
There’s many mistakes on the page. There are many mistakes on the page.
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"I don't know nothin' 'bout birthin' babies!"
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5. Double Negatives q If you start your sentence with a negative,
don’t add another negative
q Often occurs when trying to add emphasis
I don’t know nothing about no double negatives. I don’t know anything about double negatives.
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6. Dangling Participles q Common problem when connecting two
sentence fragments
q Each fragment needs to agree with, refer correctly the other
Running late again, Chris called Sue to find out where she was. Since Sue was running late again, Chris called her to find out where she was.
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7. Misplaced Modifiers q Bad placement of an adjective or adverb
q The wrong subject gets described
Our new app’s logo looks so much better than before. Our app’s new logo looks so much better than before.
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8. i.e. / e.g. q The abbreviation e.g. is used to provide
examples
q The abbreviation i.e. is used to restate an idea more clearly or offer more information
It happened in December, e.g. three months ago. (e.g. = for example) It happened in December, i.e. three months ago. (i.e. = in other words)
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e.g.
Latin: “exempli gratia” For example
Example:
Marisa likes desserts, e.g. ice cream, pies, cookies.
i.e.
Latin: “id est” That is
Example:
Gary made lunch, i.e. two sandwiches, a green salad, and a
delicious chantilly cake.
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9. That / Who
q That refers to objects or groups
q Who refers to people
We want to hire someone that is great at grammar. We want to hire someone who is great at grammar, and we will buy books that we can use for reference.
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“I want to have friends that I can trust, that love me for the man that I’ve become…”
Lyrics from “The Perfect Space” by The Avett Brothers
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“I want to have friends that who I can trust, that who love me for the man that who I’ve become…”
Lyrics from “The Perfect Space” by The Avett Brothers
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Who
Pronoun Refers to a Subject
Who has a better late night show – Jimmy Fallon or
Jimmy Kimmel? 21 Grammar Goofs by www.CTR-Consulting.com
Whom
Pronoun Refers to an Object
Whom do you prefer?
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11. I vs. Me q Confusion happens when referring to
“another person or me”
q Tip: remove other person, does sentence still sound correct?
Dwayne made lunch for London and I. (‘Dwayne made lunch for I’ doesn’t sound right.) Dwayne made lunch for London and me.
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I vs. Me
§ I is a subjective pronoun and is used when the pronoun is the subject of a verb.
Heather and I are going to the movies.
§ Me is an objective pronoun and used when the pronoun is the object of a verb.
Can you go to the movies with Heather and me?
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12. Me, Myself & I q Myself is a reflexive pronoun
q Myself can be used to add emphasis
You’ll be meeting with Topher and myself. I painted it myself. Between you and I. Between you and me.
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FY I’s
“Losa and I’s favorite movie is Hunger Games.”
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FY I’s
“Losa and I’s favorite movie is Hunger Games.”
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FY I’s
“Sue and my favorite movie is Hunger Games.”
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14. To / Too / Two q To = in the direction of
q Too (adjective) = excessive, overly, in addition to
q Two = number, 1 + 1 = 2
They went to the movies. Our two daughters came along, too.
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Literally
“I literally died when I fell
down the stairs.”
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15. Misuse of “Literally”
q Adverb meaning “exactly” or “in a literal sense or manner”
q If it literally happened, it actually happened
When I saw that hilarious video, I literally died laughing. (Really, did you actually die?) When I saw that hilarious video, I literally laughed out loud.
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16. Alot, A Lot, Allot q “Alot” does not exist.
q As a Noun, lot means a large amount or a large number.
q As an Adverb, lot means to a great extent or to a great degree.
q Allot means to distribute or parcel out.
I know alot about fine dining. There is a lot of confusion about this topic, so I’m going to allot 10 minutes to review these rules of grammar.
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“Mini Cooper for SELL!”
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“Mini Cooper for SELL!”
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“Mini Cooper for SALE!”
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You’re
Contraction Means “you are”
Example:
You’re going to love the new Matthew
McConaughey movie.
Your
Possessive Belongs to you
Example:
Is this your first time going to this theatre?
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It’s
Contraction Means “it is”
Example:
It’s a great presentation!
Its
Possessive Pronoun Belongs to it
Example:
This presentation on Grammar Goofs has got its
groove on.
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They’re
Contraction Means “They are”
Example:
They’re going to the movies to see
Divergent.
Their
Possessive
Belongs to they
Example: This is their third time seeing that
movie.
There
Location
Opposite of here
Example: The entrance to
the theatre is over there.
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Peek
Verb Look
Example: I’m hungry. Let’s take a peek in the
refrigerator.
Peak
Noun Top
Example: Kent climbed to the peak of that
mountain.
Pique
Verb Excite
Example:
That dessert certainly has piqued my interest!
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Affect
Verb Cause a change
Example:
Your ability to communicate clearly will
affect your income.
Effect
Noun
Result of an event
Example: The effect of poor grammar on a person’s income is well
documented.
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Moot
Mute
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Either
1 outcome will occur Use with “or”
Example:
Our team will either win or lose today.
Neither
No outcome will occur
Use with “nor”
Example: Neither the rain nor the
traffic will keep us from the game today.
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Lose
Verb
1. Misplace 2. Not win
Example:
I hope I don’t lose my iPad again.
Loose
Adjective
Unrestrained, not tight
Example: Those pants are so loose I think my keys fell out.
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Then
“Next” or “Later”
“I am going to the store and
then the movies.”
Than
Use for Comparisons
Example:
“First you need to be better than he is, and then you
can win.”
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Complement
Something that adds to
or supplements something else , or in the
act of doing so.
“That color complements your eyes.”
Compliment
Something nice someone
says about you.
“He paid her a compliment about her beautiful eyes.”
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Fewer
If you can count it, use fewer.
Example:
“Martin has had fewer dates
since he got married.”
Less
If you can’t, use “less.” Less is used to indicate
uncountable amounts and volumes.
Example:
“Heather needs to spend less time on Pinterest and pin fewer than 50 pins a day.”
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Principal
Noun
Means highest in rank or the main participant.
Adjective
Means the most important of a set.
Principle
Noun
Fundamental truth, law or standard
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Further vs. Farther
§ Further is used to indicate figurative distance.
§ Farther is used to indicate physical distance.
Example: If you complain further about the Apple iPhone,
I will move my desk farther away.
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Vague Pronoun Reference
Chris and John knew that he was in trouble.
Who is in trouble? Chris? John? Some other person?
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Missing Comma in
Compound Sentence
Dwayne spent a good deal of time in New Zealand with his wife and the two of them were rarely apart.
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Missing Comma in
Compound Sentence
Dwayne spent a good deal of time in New Zealand with his wife, and the two of them were rarely apart.
Comma should be place before the “and.”
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Remember: & / “and”
Unless you’re really tight on space for a tweet, save the ampersands for legal and accounting firm names.
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COMMONLY MISPRONOUNCED
WORDS
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FUSTRATED
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FRUSTRATED
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LIBARY!
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LIBRARY!
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SUPPOSEDLY
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COMMON AXIOM GOOFS
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When you’re good at something you know well, you “______ it up to experience.”
a. Chock b. Chalk c. Chuck d. Chunk
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When you’re good at something you know well, you “chalk it up to experience.”
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The “______ of limitations” has expired so you can no longer be
tried for a crime.
a. statue b. statute
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The “statute of limitations” has expired so you can no longer be
tried for a crime.
a. statue b. statute
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For all INTENSIVE PURPOSES the case is closed.
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For all INTENSIVE PURPOSES the case is closed.
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For all INTENTS AND PURPOSES the case is closed.
Idiom meaning for all practical purposes; the act or fact of intending, as to do something.
41.
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69 Grammar Goofs by www.CTR-Consulting.com
Nip it in the BUTT.
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70 Grammar Goofs by www.CTR-Consulting.com
Nip it in the BUTT.
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71 Grammar Goofs by www.CTR-Consulting.com
Nip it in the BUD.
Idiom meaning to suppress or destroy something, especially at an early stage.
42.
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