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GPU Ray Tracing at the Desktop and in the Cloud
Phillip Miller, NVIDIA
Ludwig von Reiche, mental images
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Ray Tracing – has always had an appeal
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Ray Tracing Prediction
The future of interactive graphics is ray tracing….
And it always will be :)
GPUs are making that “future” look much closer…
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Realism versus Interaction – a Constant
For all visual industries, realism is most often the goal
In Film FX – realism typically more important than time
Innovation decreases time
Increasing realism most often consume time gains
In Games and Design – time more important than realism
Realism increases as real-time is maintained
Design requires at least 5 to 10 FPS
Games requires 30 or 60 FPS (now 120 FPS in stereo)
© 2010
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Re
alis
m
1 seconds
60 frames per second
1 minutes
1 hour
1 day
30 15 +1 days
5 30 155 12632 510
games design
Film FX
Realism/Time Speed/Node: Baseline
NVIDIA’s permission required before redistributing © 2010
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Re
alis
m
1 seconds
60 frames per second
1 minutes
1 hour
1 day
30 15 +1 days
5 30 155 12632 510
Ray Tracing “plateau”
games design
Film FX
Realism/Time Speed/Node: GPU & Shaders
NVIDIA’s permission required before redistributing © 2010
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Real-Time State of the Art
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Real-Time State of the Art
Re
al-
Tim
e S
tate
of
the
Art
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Real-Time State of the Art
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Real-Time State of the Art
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Re
al-
Tim
e S
tate
of
the
Art
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What’s behind this level realism
A lot of talent (and time)
using great tools
powered by top end GPUs
with custom shaders (CgFX, HLSL, GLSL)
managed by a real-time scene graph
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No Self Reflection
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No
Glo
ba
l Il
lum
inati
on
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Ca
refu
l C
om
po
sit
ion
s
NVIDIA’s permission required before redistributing DeltaGen image courtesy of RTT
© 2010
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Today
Limited to Raster Capabilities
Result is tied to the scene
High training & cost
Intense art time
Physically correct
Result works any where
Far less training and cost
Intense computations
Raster
Ray Traced
Tomorrow
NVIDIA’s permission required before redistributing © 2010
Showcase Image courtesy of Autodesk
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Re
alis
m
1 seconds
60 frames per second
1 minutes
1 hour
1 day
30 15 +1 days
5 30 155 12632 510
Ray Tracing “plateau”
games design
Film FX
Realism/Time Speed/Node: GPU Shaders
NVIDIA’s permission required before redistributing © 2010
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Re
alis
m
1 seconds
60 frames per second
1 minutes
1 hour
1 day
30 15 +1 days
5 30 155 12632 510
games design
film FXphysically correct simulation
interactivescientific simulationpre-viz
Realism/Time Speed/Node: GPU Ray Tracing
NVIDIA’s permission required before redistributing © 2010
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Interactive Ray Tracing Leadership
SIGGRAPH 2008
30 FPS proof of concept, on shipping hardware
Later published papers on approaches
SIGGRAPH 2009
Debuted the OptiX engine and the iray renderer OptiX, iray, RealityServer 3 released 3 months later
Early 2010
Design Garage demo in 5 weeks w/ OptiX & SceniX
SIGGRAPH 2010
Numerous GPU rendering solutions on display
iray in Bunkspeed Shot, OptiX a v2
Nowiray in Autodesk 3ds Max 2011, and DS Catia v6
OptiX in Lightworks and numerous private applications
Cloud rendering with iray ready to deploy© 2010
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Public Views on GPU Ray Tracing
3 years ago – A GPU can’t ray trace
2 years ago – NVIDIA can, but we can’t
1 year ago – Now everyone can
This year – Now many are
Next year – You can do it anywhere
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NVIDIA Design Garage Demo
Photorealistic car configurator in the hands of millions of consumers
Uses pure GPU ray tracing Est. 40-50X faster vs. a CPU core 3-4X faster on GF100 than on GT200Linear scaling over GPUs & CUDA Cores
Built on SceniX with OptiX shaders – similar to other apps in development
Rendering development speed – 5 weeks
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GPU Computing Overview
Broad Adoption
Over 250,000,000
installed CUDA-
Architecture GPUs
Over 100,000 GPU
Computing
Developers
Windows, Linux and
MacOS Platforms
supported
GPU Computing
spans HPC to
Consumer
250+ Universities
teaching GPU
Computing on the
CUDA Architecture
GPU Computing Applications
NVIDIA GPUwith the CUDA Parallel Computing Architecture
CUDA C/C++
OpenCLDirect
ComputeFortran
Python,Java, .NET,
…Over 90,000 developers
Running in Production since 2008
SDK + Libs + Visual Profiler and Debugger
1st GPU demo
Shipped 1st OpenCL Conformant Driver
Public Availability(Since April)
Microsoft API forGPU Computing
Supports all CUDA-Architecture GPUs (DX10 and DX11)
PyCUDA
jCUDA
CUDA.NET
OpenCL.NET
PGI Accelerator
PGI CUDA Fortran
NOAA Fortran bindings
FLAGON
© 2010
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Many Programming Approaches in Use
iray CUDA C, C Runtime
finalRender CUDA C, C Runtime
Furry Ball CUDA C, C Runtime
Arion CUDA C, driver API
Octane CUDA C, driver API
V-ray RT GPU OpenCL
OptiX CUDA C, driver API with PTX stitching
Lightworks, etc. CUDA C, OptiX API
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Solutions Vary in their GPU Exploitation
Speed-ups vary, but a top end Fermi GPU will typically ray trace 6 to 15 times faster than on a quad-core CPU
A GPGPU programming challenge is to keep the GPU “busy”
Gains on complex tasks often greater than for simple ones
Particularly evident with multiple GPUs, where data transfers impact simple tasks more
Can mean the technique needs to be rethought in how it’s scheduling work for the GPU
OptiX 2.1 example – first tuned for simple, now tuned for complex, with a 30-80% speed increase
© 2010
GPUCPU
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Similarities for today’s GPU Ray Tracing
Performance tends to scale linearly with GPU cores and core clock for a given GPU generation
Gains between GPU generations will vary per solution
Most scale well across system GPUs, with no need for SLI.
Most solutions can “distribute” rendering,but only some support “cluster” rendering
Scaling efficiency will vary per solution and/or technique
Entire scene must fit onto the GPU’s memory*– geometry, textures, and acceleration structures
© 2010
*not a permanent situation
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GPU Computing Application Development
Your GPU Ray Tracing Application
CUDA Architecture
Application Acceleration Enginese.g., OptiX ray tracing engine
Foundation LibrariesLow-level Functional Libraries
Development EnvironmentLanguages, Device APIs, Compilers, Debuggers, Profilers, etc.
© 2010
OEM Renderers (iray)
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Accelerating Application Development
App Example: Auto Styling
1. Establish the Scene= SceniX
2. Maximize interactive quality + CgFX + OptiX
3. Maximize production quality + iray
App Example: Ray Tracing Task
1. Prepare your Scene = your art production path
2. Identify a ray tracing bottleneck + OptiX
3. Process the task and mergee.g., ambient occlusione.g., light maps
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What Ray Tracing techniques are possible?
Answer: What ever you’d like.
Unbiased rendering is currently a popular approach in commercial renderers but by no means the only approach
For example:
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NVIDIA® OptiX™
the world’s first interactive ray tracing engine
A programmable ray tracing pipeline for accelerating interactive ray tracing applications – from complete renderers, to functions, to tasks (collision, acoustics, signal processing, radiation reflectance, etc.)
You write the ray tracing techniques – OptiX makes them fast
© 2010
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OptiX for faster and easier ray tracing development
Faster development• Ray calculations are abstracted to single rays• State of the art acceleration structures & traversers• Programmable shaders, surfaces and cameras• Tight coupling with OpenGL & Direct3D• GPU issues like load balancing, scheduling, parallelism are all handled.
Flexible use• Ray payloads can be custom• Custom intersection goes well beyond triangles• Not tied to a rendering language, shader model or camera model
Greatly lowers the barrier to entry• For creating high performance ray tracing• Developers often saving 50-75% on base effort
– with much higher performance results© 2010
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Hybrid – Increasing Interactive Realism
+ Glossy Reflections
+ Soft Shadows
+ Ambient Occlusion, etc…
• Combined as a Scene Effect
with OGL or D3D
NVIDIA’s permission required before redistributing © 2010
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Example: Works Zebra workflow
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Example: Works Zebra using the GPU
“on screen, I can see the difference between real-time and offline, but not between OptiX and offline”Manager, Toyota Marketing Japan
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Interactive Ray Tracing: Lightworks
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Interactive Ray Tracing: Bunkspeed Shot™
NVIDIA’s permission required before redistributing © 2010
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3ds Max Rendering Revolution Contest
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3ds Max Rendering Revolution Contest
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3ds Max Rendering Revolution Contest
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3ds Max Rendering Revolution Contest
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3ds Max Rendering Revolution Contest
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*including iray
*
*
NVIDIA’s permission required before redistributing © 2010
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End
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iray® from mental imagesbringing photoreal ray tracing to a product near you
morningafternoonevening
A physically correct and interactive global illumination renderer.
The perfect choice for those relating to the real-world (designers, consumers,…)
CUDA-based w/ CPU fallback (massive delta – not interactive)
Scalable across GPUs & nodes (DICE)
Inclusion Options:
w/ current mental ray and RealityServer
Integrator Edition (for those w/o mental ray)
Option for SceniX (later this year)
Coming to numerous products in 2010
© 2010
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iray – in action
NVIDIA’s permission required before redistributing © 2010
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GPU Technology Conference (GTC 2010)
September 20-23, 2010 San Jose, CA
Now taking Submissions:
http://www.nvidia.com/object/call_for_submissions.html
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With iray, you add or replace a renderer.Ideal when you want a ready-to-integrate/use photorealistic solution
With OptiX, you accelerate or build a renderer.OptiX is ideal when you want to accelerate hybrid & custom solutions
Ongoing Focus:
iray – quality, complete solution, perf
OptiX – interaction, flexibility/generality, perf
NVIDIA - assisting GPU ray tracing development wherever it’s desired
iray and OptiX
together addressing the spectrum of rendering needs
© 2010