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GLSL I
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Fixed vs. Programmable HW fixed function pipeline
▪ Faster▪ Limited
New programmable hardware▪ Many effects become possible.▪ Global illumination effects▪ Ray tracing.▪ …
Multiple Normal Map
Refraction/ reflection
Subsurface scattering composing
Make the Graphics Effects
Possible & Real-time !!
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Vertex Shader Skinning Mesh
Tessellation Terrain Generation
Geometry Shader Surface details
Fragment Shader Advance shading
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Shader language The language itself.
Runtime environment How to co-work with OpenGL/D3D
Architecture The role of the shaders.
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2000 Asambly, (nVidia)
2002 CG 1.0 (nVidia)
▪ C for graphcis Vertex/fragment extension (OpenGL ) HLSL (High Level Shading Language, M$)
2003 GLSL (OpenGL)
2004 GPGPU Applications Uniform GPU architecture for both VS and FS,
(ATI) 2008
Direct Computing, CUDA, 2009
OpenCL
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Currently 3 major shading languages - Cg (Nvidia) - HLSL (Microsoft)
▪ Derived from Cg
- GLSL (OpenGL)
Main influences are - C language - Pre-existing Shading languages
developed in university and industry.
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1.1+ Vertex/Fragment Shader
1.5+ Geometry Shader
4.0 Tessellation Shader
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Rast
eri
zer
Screen Vertices3D model Color Pixels
Transform &
Lighting
Transform &
Lighting
Transform &
Lighting
Transform &
Lighting
Transform &
Lighting
Transform &
Lighting
Pixel Op.Pixel
Op.Pixel Op.Pixel
Op.Pixel Op.
Pixels
Scene Setting
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10Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Vertex Shader Applications
•Moving vertices Morphing
Wave motion
Fractals
•Lighting More realistic models
Cartoon shaders
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11Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Fragment Shader Applications
Per fragment lighting calculations
per vertex lighting per fragment lighting
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12Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
GLSL
•OpenGL Shading Language•Part of OpenGL 2.0•High level C-like language•New data types
Matrices Vectors Samplers
•OpenGL state available through built-in variables
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13Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Simple Vertex Shader
const vec4 red = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
void main(void)
{
gl_Position = gl_ProjectionMatrix
*gl_ModelViewMatrix*gl_Vertex;
gl_FrontColor = red;
}
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14Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Execution Model
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15Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Simple Fragment Program
void main(void)
{
gl_FragColor = gl_FrontColor;
}
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16Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Execution Model
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17Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Data Types
•C types: int, float, bool•Vectors:
float vec2, vec 3, vec4 Also int (ivec) and boolean (bvec)
•Matrices: mat2, mat3, mat4 Stored by columns Standard referencing m[row][column]
•C++ style constructors vec3 a =vec3(1.0, 2.0, 3.0) vec2 b = vec2(a)
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18Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Pointers
•There are no pointers in GLSL•We can use C structs which
can be copied back from functions•Because matrices and vectors are basic types they can be passed into and output from GLSL functions, e.g.
matrix3 func(matrix3 a)
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19Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Qualifiers
• GLSL has many of the same qualifiers such as const as C/C++
• Need others due to the nature of the execution model
• Variables can change Once per primitive Once per vertex Once per fragment At any time in the application
• Vertex attributes are interpolated by the rasterizer into fragment attributes
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20Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Attribute Qualifier
•Attribute-qualified variables can change at most once per vertex
Cannot be used in fragment shaders
•Built in (OpenGL state variables)gl_Colorgl_ModelViewMatrix
•User defined (in application program)attribute float temperatureattribute vec3 velocity
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21Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Uniform Qualified
•Variables that are constant for an entire primitive
•Can be changed in application outside scope of glBegin and glEnd
•Cannot be changed in shader•Used to pass information to shader such as the bounding box of a primitive
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22Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Varying Qualified
•Variables that are passed from vertex shader to fragment shader
•Automatically interpolated by the rasterizer
•Built in Vertex colors
Texture coordinates
•User defined Requires a user defined fragment shader
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23Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Example: Vertex Shader
const vec4 red = vec4(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
varying vec3 color_out;
void main(void)
{
gl_Position =
gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix*gl_Vertex;
color_out = red;
}
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24Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Required Fragment Shader
varying vec3 color_out;
void main(void)
{
gl_FragColor = color_out;
}
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25
A Quick Review
•What are the qualifier (attribute, uniform, varying) for the following cases?
• If variables change… Once per primitive (uniform? attribute?...)
Once per vertex ?
Once per fragment ?
•Vertex attributes are interpolated by the rasterizer into fragment attributes
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26Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Passing values
• call by value-return•Variables are copied in•Returned values are copied back•Three possibilities
in
out
inout
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27Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Operators and Functions
•Standard C functions Trigonometric
Arithmetic
Normalize, reflect, length
•Overloading of vector and matrix typesmat4 a;
vec4 b, c, d;
c = b*a; // a column vector stored as a 1d array
d = a*b; // a row vector stored as a 1d array
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28Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Swizzling and Selection
•Can refer to array elements by element using [] or selection (.) operator with
x, y, z, w r, g, b, a s, t, p, qa[2], a.b, a.z, a.p are the same
•Swizzling operator lets us manipulate componentsvec4 a;a.yz = vec2(1.0, 2.0);
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29
For More Information…
•Tutorials available online (see the course webpage, Reference section)
At www.Lighthouse3D.com
At www.OpenGL.org
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GLSL II
(Adapted from
Ed Angel’s lecture slides)
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31Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Objectives
•Coupling GLSL to Applications•Example applications
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32Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Linking Shaders to OpenGL
•OpenGL Extensions ARB_shader_objects
ARB_vertex_shader
ARB_fragment_shader
•OpenGL 2.0 Almost identical to using extensions
Avoids extension suffixes on function names
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33Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Program Object
•Container for shaders Can contain multiple shaders
Other GLSL functions
GLuint myProgObj;myProgObj = glCreateProgram(); /* define shader objects here */glUseProgram(myProgObj);glLinkProgram(myProgObj);
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34Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Reading a Shader
•Shader are added to the program object and compiled
•Usual method of passing a shader is as a null-terminated string using the function glShaderSource
• If the shader is in a file, we can write a reader to convert the file to a string
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35Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Shader Reader
char* readShaderSource(const char* shaderFile){ struct stat statBuf; FILE* fp = fopen(shaderFile, "r"); char* buf;
stat(shaderFile, &statBuf); buf = (char*) malloc(statBuf.st_size + 1 * sizeof(char)); fread(buf, 1, statBuf.st_size, fp); buf[statBuf.st_size] = '\0'; fclose(fp); return buf;}
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36Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Adding a Vertex Shader
GLint vShader;GLunit myVertexObj;GLchar vShaderfile[] = “my_vertex_shader”;GLchar* vSource = readShaderSource(vShaderFile);glShaderSource(myVertexObj, 1, &vSource, NULL);myVertexObj = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);glCompileShader(myVertexObj);glAttachObject(myProgObj, myVertexObj);
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37Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Vertex Attributes
•Vertex attributes are named in the shaders
•Linker forms a table •Application can get index from table and tie it to an application variable
•Similar process for uniform variables
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38Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Vertex Attribute Example
GLint colorAttr;colorAttr = glGetAttribLocation(myProgObj, "myColor");/* myColor is name in shader */
GLfloat color[4];glVertexAttrib4fv(colorAttr, color);/* color is variable in application */
In C/C++ application
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39Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Uniform Variable Example
GLint angleParam;angleParam = glGetUniformLocation(myProgObj, "angle");/* angle defined in shader */
/* my_angle set in application */GLfloat my_angle;my_angle = 5.0 /* or some other value */
glUniform1f(angleParam, my_angle);
In C/C++ application
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40Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Vertex Shader Applications
•Moving vertices Morphing
Wave motion
Fractals
•Lighting More realistic models
Cartoon shaders
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41Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Wave Motion Vertex Shader
uniform float time;uniform float xs, zs;void main(){float s;s = 1.0 + 0.1*sin(xs*time)*sin(zs*time);gl_Vertex.y = s*gl_Vertex.y;gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix*gl_Vertex;}
In GLSL shader
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42Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Particle System
uniform vec3 init_vel;uniform float g, m, t;void main(){vec3 object_pos;object_pos.x = gl_Vertex.x + vel.x*t;object_pos.y = gl_Vertex.y + vel.y*t + g/(2.0*m)*t*t;object_pos.z = gl_Vertex.z + vel.z*t;gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix* vec4(object_pos,1);}
In GLSL shader
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43Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Modified Phong Vertex Shader I
void main(void)/* modified Phong vertex shader (without distance term) */{ float f; /* compute normalized normal, light vector, view vector, half-angle vector in eye cordinates */ vec3 norm = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix*gl_Normal); vec3 lightv = normalize(gl_LightSource[0].position -gl_ModelViewMatrix*gl_Vertex); vec3 viewv = -normalize(gl_ModelViewMatrix*gl_Vertex); vec3 halfv = normalize(lightv + norm); if(dot(lightv, norm) > 0.0) f = 1.0; else f = 0.0;
In GLSL shader
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44Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Modified Phong Vertex Shader II
/* compute diffuse, ambient, and specular contributions */
vec4 diffuse = max(0, dot(lightv, norm))*gl_FrontMaterial.diffuse *LightSource[0].diffuse; vec4 ambient = gl_FrontMaterial.ambient*LightSource[0].ambient; vec4 specular = f*gl_FrontMaterial.specular* gl_LightSource[0].specular) *pow(max(0, dot( norm, halfv)), gl_FrontMaterial.shininess); vec3 color = vec3(ambient + diffuse + specular) gl_FrontColor = vec4(color, 1); gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix*gl_Vertex;}
In GLSL shader
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45Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Pass Through Fragment Shader
/* pass-through fragment shader */void main(void){ gl_FragColor = gl_FrontColor;}
In GLSL shader
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46Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Vertex Shader for per Fragment Lighting
/* vertex shader for per-fragment Phong shading */varying vec3 normale;varying vec4 positione;void main(){ normale = gl_NormalMatrixMatrix*gl_Normal; positione = gl_ModelViewMatrix*gl_Vertex; gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix*gl_Vertex;}
In GLSL shader
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47Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Fragment Shader for Modified Phong Lighting I
In GLSL shader
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48Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Fragment Shader for Modified Phong Lighting II
int f;if(dot(lightv, viewv)> 0.0) f =1.0);else f = 0.0;vec3 specular = f*pow(max(0, dot(norm, halfv), gl_FrontMaterial.shininess) *gl_FrontMaterial.specular*gl_LightSource[0].specular);vec3 color = vec3(ambient + diffuse + specular);gl_FragColor = vec4(color, 1.0);}
In GLSL shader
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49Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Vertex vs Fragment Shader
per vertex lighting per fragment lighting
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50Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Samplers
• Provides access to a texture object• Defined for 1, 2, and 3 dimensional textures and
for cube maps• In shader: uniform sampler2D myTexture;vec2 texcoord;vec4 texcolor = texture2D(mytexture, texcoord);
• In application: texMapLocation = glGetUniformLocation(myProg,“myTexture”);
glUniform1i(texMapLocation, 0);/* assigns to texture unit 0 */
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Fragment Shader Applications
Texture mapping
51Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
smooth shading environment mapping
bump mapping
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52Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Cube Maps
•We can form a cube map texture by defining six 2D texture maps that correspond to the sides of a box
•Supported by OpenGL•Also supported in GLSL through cubemap sampler
vec4 texColor = textureCube(mycube, texcoord);
•Texture coordinates must be 3D
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53Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Environment Map
Use reflection vector to locate texture in cube map
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54Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Environment Maps with Shaders
•Environment map usually computed in world coordinates which can differ from object coordinates because of modeling matrix
May have to keep track of modeling matrix and pass it shader as a uniform variable
•Can also use reflection map or refraction map (for example to simulate water)
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55Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Environment Map Vertex Shader
Varying vec3 reflectw;uniform mat4 modelMat;uniform mat3 invModelMat;uniform vec4 eyew;void main(void){ vec4 positionw = modelMat*gl_Vertex; vec3 normw = normalize(gl_Normal*invModelMat.xyz); vec3 lightw = normalize(eyew.xyz-positionw.xyz); eyew = reflect(normw, eyew); gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix*gl_Vertex;}
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56Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Environment Map Fragment Shader
/* fragment shader for reflection map */varying vec3 reflectw;uniform samplerCube MyMap;void main(void){ gl_FragColor = textureCube(myMap, reflectw);}
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57Angel: Interactive Computer Graphics 4E © Addison-Wesley 2005
Bump Mapping
•Perturb normal for each fragment•Store perturbation as textures