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GLOBALIZATION
Yoruba drummers in Erin-Osun, Nigeria, 1997
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WHAT IS THE GLOBE?• CULTURALLY
SPECIFIC SET OF COMMITMENTS
• RELATIONSHIPS
• SET OF PRACTICES
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WHAT IS GLOBALIZTION?
• ACTIVATING YOUR COMMITMENTS
• CONNECTING ACROSS DIFFERENCES
• FORGING NEW RELATIONSHIPS
• SPREAD AND CONNECTEDNESS OF PRODUCTION, COMMUNICATION, AND TECHNOLOGIES ACROSS THE WORLD
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DEBATES
1. Is globalization new or old?
2. Is globalization good or bad?
3. Is globalization really “global” or inclusive of all people?
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5 ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
1. ECONOMIC
2. TECHNOLOGICAL
3. CULTURAL
4. POLITICAL
5. MILITARY
THESE ASPECTS ARE ALL INTERCONNECTED!
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After this lecture, can you give 1 example of each of the above?
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1. ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATIONEARLY CAPITALIST IDEAS:
1. “Free Market Economy” (Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776)
Market is “free” from State control
2. Division of labor
3. Competition
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Economic GlobalizationTODAY:
Economies Are Increasingly Linked TogetherEXS: NAFTA (MX, CA, US), The EU, WTO (World Trade Organization)
WTO Only global international organization dealing
with the rules of trade between nations Goal: help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business
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ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATIONMULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS
OLD: Dutch East India Company?
1602 company of Dutch merchants & independent trading companies
Spice trade monopoly in East Asia
Power to colonize territories & enslave indigenous people
Indonesia & South Africa
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ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION NEW: Nike, Wal-Mart, Royal/Dutch Shell Top 100 multinationals are all US-owned
companies! Royal/Dutch Shell: global group of energy and
petrochemical companies, operating in more than 140 countries and territories, employing more than 112,000 people
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Economic Globalization in AFRICA
Little Industry and Technology Can economic globalization can help reduce
poverty? “Brain Drain” Debt (IMF loans) AF countries can’t even pay
back interest 300 million pple live on less than $1/day 48% pple in sub-Saharan AF in extreme poverty
(less than 750 calories/day) 2001 Index for Foreign Investment in Africa was
“0” Gap between rich and poor increasing
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2. TECHNOLOGICALGLOBALIZATION
• “World Wide Web” has exploded in last 10 years
• Computers can move money around world = “finance capital”
Silicon Valley is 9th largest economy in world!
Africa Number of telephones is decreasing More computers in Manhattan than all of
Africa! Post-colonial infrastructures don’t
support technology
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CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION
McArabia Kofta
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3. CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION Cultural Imperialism = Dominance of one
culture over others Hollywood movies, MacDonald’s,
Disneyland, Starbucks Dominance of the English language and
invasion of other languages Do people all over the world have the
same taste?
Africa “Culture Industry” = opportunities for
Africans to sell their culture in the “global market” that values traditional culture
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4. POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION
The United Nations: Global assoc. of govts. facilitating cooperation in international law, security,
economic development, and social equity• Whose interests does the UN represent? The US and the UK were the only nations in
support of going to war in Iraq Can a global politics with social values exist? Alternative political gatherings: Annual World
Social Forums since 2001, The Piece Process @ Gav!
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POLITICAL GLOBALIZATIONSouth Africa
• In 2001, US pharmaceutical corporations sued South African companies for infringing on AIDS medication patent laws
• In 2003, President George W. Bush announced the Emergency Plan in 2003 - the largest international health initiative in history by one nation to address a single disease
• HIV/AIDS Situation in 2004HIV Infected: 5.3 millionAIDS Deaths: 370,000AIDS Orphans: 1.1 million
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5. MILITARYGLOBALIZATION
Nuclear BombsF/A-22 Raptor
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MILITARYGLOBALIZATION
Smart Bombs Sidewinder Missiles
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MILITARY GLOBALIZATION Global alliances become clear during war time Ex: Today’s US alliance with Britain in wars
against Afghanistan and Iraq What will happen with North Korea and nuclear
weapons?Africa
“Trade in Arms” = US sold $227 million in arms to AF in 1990s
US train and provide weapons for African armies on both sides of their civil wars (ex. Mobutu civil war in Zaire)
US is the #1 exporter of weapons globally US is the last on the list of exporters of non-
military aid to the developing world
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San Francisco, 2002
Forget
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The Karnataka State Farmers' Movement (KRRS) burn genetically modified crops as part of the "Cremate Monsanto" campaign. Karnataka,
India, 1998.
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Zapatista women are vigilant in defending their
community. Chiapas, Mexico.
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Palestinian women protest against the Israeli occupation and escalation of military aggression against civilians in the West
Bank and Gaza. San Francisco, California, 2002.
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You can kill the messenger but not the message! NIGER DELTA WOMEN PROTEST
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UCSC Lecturers Protest Unfair Labor Practices, 2002
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In Class assignment:
1. Describe an example or scenario for each of the five aspects of globalization, then answer questions 1-3 in complete sentences.
1. ECONOMIC
2. TECHNOLOGICAL
3. CULTURAL
4. POLITICAL
5. MILITARY
1. Is globalization new or old?
2. Is globalization good or bad?
3. Is globalization really “global” (or inclusive of all people)?