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Global water cooperation – current status and why we need more of it
Prepared for the seminar “Water for Peace or Conflict – Prospects for increased water cooperation”, UNESCO,
Paris, 16 April, 2013.
Dr. Anders Jägerskog, Associate Professor Stockholm International Water Institute
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Disposition
• Background to Transboundary water management • Cooperation or conflict? Or perhaps both? • Why do states cooperate? Benefits of cooperation • Costs of non-cooperation; Quality of cooperation • Need for more knowledge • Proposed Category II centre for Water Cooperation
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Transboundary Water – the global picture
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Global figures and facts
• Over 50% of available freshwater resources in shared river basins and lakes
• 145 countries riparians in shared river basins • 33 countries have 95% or more of their water in
shared river basins • Politics: ‘anarchy’ of international relations • Jurisdiction: no entity unless negotiated • Principles: UN Convention foundation
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Co-operation and conflict (used with permission from Oregon State Univ./ A.
Wolf)
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Increasing conflict Increasing cooperation
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Water for cooperation? Or conflict? The debate during the last decades
• Water as a source of war (80s and 90s) • States cooperate more over water than engage in
conflict (Wolf etc) • Benefit sharing (Sadoff and Grey) • Water for Peace (UNESCO - PCCP) • Lack of nuanced picture of type of cooperation • Today – cooperation and conflict co-exist (Mirumachi
and Zeitoun) – focus on power assymetries and what that means
• Climate change and TWM ’readiness’ emerging issue (Fishländer)
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Why do states co-operate over shared waters?
• Internal drivers (political interests) • External drivers (third parties, international
pressure, regional interests) • Interdependency – mutual interests, sharing
benefits • Water not rational to fight over • Institutional arrangements matters • Development of norms, principles and trust
important • Third parties support/facilitate co-operation (in
some cases)
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The cost of non-cooperation
• Risk for negative impacts on human security and human development
• Unpredictability, less preparedness for floods and drought
• Mobilising funds for multi-purpose investments and infrastructure is hard without co-operation
• Risk for increased tension and conflict
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Need for more knowledge
• Linkages between TWM and other issue areas (energy, climate, food)
• Mechanisms for the promotion of cooperation at various scales
• Transboundary agreements’ resilience to change (socio-economic and environmental)
• Various actors in transboundary waters (states, civil society, private sector)
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Scope of work of the centre
• The centre will address water cooperation in its broadest sense with a primary focus on water for peace and regional development.
• The objectives of the proposed centre are: - Develop knowledge related to, the sustainable management of transboundary waters and, the role of such resources as drivers of cooperation between countries sharing them - Inform and, enhance capacities of, targeted audiences on the basis of research accomplished, by developing knowledge products such as books, articles, policy proposals and training programmes
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Category II Centre on Water Cooperation
• Cooperation between Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), Göteborg University and Uppsala University
• Linkages to the IHP and the UNESCO Potential Conflict to Cooperation Potential (PCCP) programme and WWAP
• Links to World Water Week in Stockholm • Links to UN-Water thematic group on Transboundary
waters and UNDP Shared Waters Partnership • Link to IHP 8 – putting science into action for example in
area of Transboundary groundwater and water security
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Thank you! [email protected]