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GLASS PROCESSING( DCP 5262 )
By: Abu Bakar bin AramjatDepartment of Ceramic Processing
TechnologyKolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA Masjid tanah
Melaka
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COURSE INFORMATION
Code: DCP 5262Course Name : Glass Processing
Learning/Week:1 hour : Theory ( lecture )3 hours: Lab/Practical
Assessment
Course work: 1. Test 1: 15 % ( UNIT 1 & 2 )2. Test 2: 15 % ( UNIT 3 & 4 )3. Practical Lab: 30 % ( JOB SHEET – 8 )
Final Exam: 40 %
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LEARNING OBJECTIVESLEARNING OBJECTIVES
Students should be able to:
i. Identify various types and properties of common glasses.
ii. Formulate, and determine glass melting and forming process.
iii. Conduct glass testing and identify defects.iv. Differentiate glass decoration and finishing techniques
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COURSE CONTENTCOURSE CONTENT
UNIT 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO GLASS
1.1 History of Glass1.2 Glass Families1.3Types of Glasses1.4 Chemical Compositions of Commercial Glasses1.5 Glass Raw Materials1.6 General Glass Makings1.7 Applications of Glasses1.8 Basic Principles of Glass Processing: Batching, Mixing, Melting, Casting and Annealing
.
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COURSE CONTENTCOURSE CONTENTUNIT 2.0 PROPERTIES OF GLASS 2.1 Glass Formation & Structure2.2 Thermal Expansion2.3 Micro hardness and Strength2.4 Viscosity2.5 Chemical Durability2.6 Optical Properties
UNIT 3.0 GLASS MELTING 3.1 Preparation for Glass Melting3.2 Glass Melting Furnaces3.3 Glass Casting and Shaping3.4 Annealing and Tempering
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COURSE CONTENTCOURSE CONTENTUNIT 4.0 TESTING OF GLASS
4.1 Density and Molar Volume4.2 Thermal Expansion4.3 Micro hardness and Strength4.4 Chemical Durability4.5 Optical Properties4.6 Glass Defect
UNIT 5.0 GLASS DECORATION AND FINISHING 5.1 Glass Colorants5.2 Glass Etching5.3 Sand Blasting5.4 Stain Glass5.5 Laser Techniques
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1. What is Glass2. Glass from Nature3. Composition of glass4. Types of glass5. Advantages & Disadvantages of
glass6. Glass Products7. Glass Malaysia Scenario
Introduction to Glass
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What is Glass
An inorganic product of fusion which has been cooled to rigid condition without crystallising - ASTMoA state of matteroA glassy or vitreous surfaceoA solid with liquid like structureoA non-crystalline solidoAn amorphous solidoShort range order
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What is Glass
“…a material form by cooling from the normal liquid state which has shown no discontinuous change at any temperature, but has become more or less rigid through a progressive increase in its viscosity.”
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What is Glass
oUniform amorphous solid material.
oProduced when the viscous molten material cools rapidly to below its glass transition temperature, without sufficient time for a regular crystal lattice to form.
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What is Glass - characteristics
oClear /transparentoBrittleoInertoDurableoLuster
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Glass from Nature
oMagma – molten rockoFulgurite – lightningoObsidian – volcanicoTektites – fire/volcanic
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Glass from Nature
magma fulgurite
obsidian tektites
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Silica Sand
Silica Sand
Limestone (CaCO2)
Sodium Carbonate/soda ash
(Na2CO3)
Feldspar,
Borates
Phospate
Traditional Glass
Composition of Glass
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Glass Additives
1. Boric oxide: B2O32. Barium Carbonate : BaCO33. Potassium Carbonate : K2CO34. AluminiumOxide : Al2O35. Zinc Oxide : ZnO6. Titanium Oxide : TiO27. Zirconium Oxide : ZrO2
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ALUMINA in glass for :improved weathering and less devitrification (crystallisation),
BORATES for easier working and lower thermal expansion,
ARSENIC OR ANTIMONY OXIDE for fining (removal of bubbles).
Function additive in glass
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Type of Glass
The main types of glass are:Commercial Glass also known as Soda-lime-silicate glass
Lead Glass Borosilicate Glass Glass Fibre
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Type of Glass
Types of special glass include:Vitreous silica Aluminosilicate glass Alkali-barium silicate glass Technical Glass Glass Ceramics Optical glass Sealing glass
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Important class of compositions is the BOROSILICATES.
lower thermal expansion better thermal shock resistance, improved chemical durability,
for such applications as automobile head-lamps, cooking wares and laboratory apparatus
Types of Glass
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ALUMINO SILICATE GLASSES for :
chemical durability, resistance to devitrification, higher temperature, and greater strength in cooking wares,
glass ceramics, fiber glass and seals.
Types of Glass
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FUSED SILICA is especially valuable for :
high-temperature stability, low thermal expansion andhigh thermal shock resistance, excellent chemical durability, purity and good optical transmission in the ultraviolet.
Types of Glass
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LEAD GLASSES are used for high refractive index, easier working and greater density for lamp envelopes, seals, optical glass
CRYSTAL GLASS for art and tableware
Types of Glass
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Advantages of Glass
InertDoes not corrodeDurableOptical transparencyMany forming methodMany compositionCheap
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Disadvantages of Glass
BrittleBreakableHeavy
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Glass ProductsWindow glassGlass containersFiber glassOptical glass / lensTechnical glass / laboratory glassSafety glass / windscreen glassGlass panels / buildingTableware / cooking wareBulb/chandelier/lighthingLaser glassGlass mirrorsGlass ceramic
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Glass Products
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The word glass is derived from a late-Latin term glaesum, used to refer to a lustrous a transparent material
Another word often used to refer to glassy substances is vitreous, originating from the Latin word vitrum.
Luster or shine and in particular its durability when exposed to the elements of nature, were probably the most significant properties of glass recognised by early civilisations.
History of Glass
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The history of the origin of glass can be categorized by periods according to the methods of the manufacturing process as follows:
The First Period: 1700 BC through 100 ADPrimitive method of making glass
using molds. The Second Period: 100 AD through 400-
500 ADGlassblowing technique discovered,
and glass manufacture becomes a more practical process.
The Third Period: 4-500 AD ~ 1200 ADMiddle Ages, characterized by
Byzantine glass.
History of Glass
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The Fourth Period: 1200 AD ~ 1900 ADVenetian glass, foundation for
modern glass making is set. The Fifth Period: 1900 AD ~ present
Glass objects used as everyday goods; large scale manufacturing.
The science and engineering of glass as a material was much better understood, and in the late 1950's Sir Alastair Pilkington introduced a new revolutionary production method (float glass production), by which 90% of flat glass is still manufactured today.
History of Glass
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The word glass is derived from a late-Latin term glaesum, used to refer to a lustrous a transparent material
Another word often used to refer to glassy substances is vitreous, originating from the Latin word vitrum.
Luster or shine and in particular its durability when exposed to the elements of nature, were probably the most significant properties of glass recognised by early civilisations.
History of Glass
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The history of the origin of glass can be categorized by periods according to the methods of the manufacturing process as follows:
The First Period: 1700 BC through 100 ADPrimitive method of making glass
using molds. The Second Period: 100 AD through 400-
500 ADGlassblowing technique discovered,
and glass manufacture becomes a more practical process.
The Third Period: 4-500 AD ~ 1200 ADMiddle Ages, characterized by
Byzantine glass.
History of Glass
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The Fourth Period: 1200 AD ~ 1900 ADVenetian glass, foundation for
modern glass making is set. The Fifth Period: 1900 AD ~ present
Glass objects used as everyday goods; large scale manufacturing.
The science and engineering of glass as a material was much better understood, and in the late 1950's Sir Alastair Pilkington introduced a new revolutionary production method (float glass production), by which 90% of flat glass is still manufactured today.
History of Glass
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Quick Question
Name four of the major technological achievements in glass which have had the most profound impact on mankind
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Quick Question - Answer
1. Glass window – which enables sunlight to come into dwelling unit
2. Lenses – opthamics for improved vision,microscope,telescope optics
3. Light bulb envelope - lighting4. Semiconducting glasses – for
computer memory, solar cell, photocopiers
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The word glass is derived from a late-Latin term GLAESUM, used to refer to a lustrous a transparent material
Another word often used to refer to glassy substances is vitreous, originating from the Latin word vitrum.
Luster or shine and in particular its durability when exposed to the elements of nature, were probably the most significant properties of glass recognised by early civilisations.
History of Glass
![Page 37: GLASS PROCESSING ( DCP 5262 ) By: Abu Bakar bin Aramjat Department of Ceramic Processing Technology Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA Masjid tanah Melaka](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081511/5519e8df55034691578b47df/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The history of the origin of glass can be categorized by periods according to the methods of the manufacturing process as follows:
The First Period: 1700 BC through 100 ADPrimitive method of making glass
using molds. The Second Period: 100 AD through 400-
500 ADGlassblowing technique discovered,
and glass manufacture becomes a more practical process.
The Third Period: 4-500 AD ~ 1200 ADMiddle Ages, characterized by
Byzantine glass.
History of Glass
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The Fourth Period: 1200 AD ~ 1900 ADVenetian glass, foundation for
modern glass making is set. The Fifth Period: 1900 AD ~ present
Glass objects used as everyday goods; large scale manufacturing.
The science and engineering of glass as a material was much better understood, and in the late 1950's Sir Alastair Pilkington introduced a new revolutionary production method (float glass production), by which 90% of flat glass is still manufactured today.
History of Glass
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Byzantine Glass Venetian Glass
Blowing Glass
Float Glass
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Glass Industry in Malaysia: present Industry ScenarioThe present production capacity of the flat and container glass industry is capable of supporting the domestic market demand and subsequently a substantial amount of output is exported. The output is currently in the rgion of 650 tonnes of glass containers and 500000 tonnes of flat glass annually
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Glass Malaysia ScenarioGlass Categories Products
Silica-based chemical Sodium silicate
Construction –related products tempered & laminated glass
Industrial glass Fiberglass, float glass, panel & funnel, cullet
Advanced & specialty glass Silicon wafer, optical & pharmaceutical glass, glass substrate, handphone screen
Household glass product Tableware, container/bottles, microwave turntable
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Glass Malaysia Scenario
Glass Categories Production Qty
Silica-based chemical 5000-70000 tonnes
Construction –related products 3500 -22000 tonnes
Industrial glass 3 – 54m tonnes
Advanced & specialty glass 10m – 20m pcs
Household glass product 30000 – 71000 tonnes
Source: Mineral &Geoscience Department Industry Survey 2007
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Existing Local manufacturers based on product Grouping
Product Groups Manufacturrers
Clear Flat glass Malaysian Sheet Glass Bhd (MSG)Malaysia n Mirrors Sdn Bhd
Colourless & Coloured Container Glass
KIG Glass Industrial Sdn BhdJG Container Sdn BhdKL Glass Mfr Co Sdn Bhd
Tableware Glass Malaya Glass BhdAsia Glass Sdn BhdHamay Glass Sdn Bhd
Clear Flat Glass (laminated) MSG Safety Glass Sdn BhdMCIS Safety Glass Sdn Bhd
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Existing Local manufacturers based on product Grouping
Product Groups Manufacturrers
Clear Flat Glass (tempered) Malaysian Sheet Glass sdn bhd
MCIS Safety Glass sdn bhd
Funnels & Panels for CRT Samsung Corning sdn bhdNippon Electric Glass sdn bhdMatsushita Electric Corp sdn bhd
Chemical/Lab glassware Sri K.K Industry sdn bhd
Insulating glass wool and fibreglass Johore fiberglass sdn bhdPolyglass Fibre sdn bhdFoster Insulation sdn bhdArt Fiber Industry sdn bhdB.I.T Fiber Glass sdn bhd
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Existing Local manufacturers based on product Grouping
Product Groups Manufacturrers
Optical Glass Policore Optical sdn bhdSchott Glass sdn bhdOhara Optical Sdn Bhd
Glass Substrate/ electronic glass Konica Minolta Glass Tech Sdn Bhd
Crystal Glass Rembau Crystal SBFaizy Crystal Glass Blowing SBPL Crystal Village SB
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Thank you…
End of lecture