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Getting In Tune With Your Students:
Using Music in Therapy
Steve Byrne Psy.D.
Emma Wood, M.A. &
Melissa Fallon Ph.D.
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CREATIVE ARTS IN THERAPY
� Music therapy uses the creative process to enhance
� physical well-being
� mental well-being
� emotional well-being
� The creative process involved in musical expression helps
people topeople to
� resolve conflicts and problems
� develop interpersonal skills
� manage behavior
� reduce stress
� increase self-esteem and self-awareness
� achieve insight
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HISTORY OF MUSIC THERAPY
� Developed during WWI and WWII – used with
veterans
� The use of music in healing is an ancient practice
� Music is connected with:
� Religious tradition� Religious tradition
� Medicine
� Cultural customs
� Universal Rituals
� Funerals
� Weddings
� Important events
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EMPIRICALLY DEMONSTRATED
EFFECTS OF MUSIC
� Physiological changes
� Brain waves
� Heat rate/ blood pressure
� Pain management
� Psychological� Psychological
� Improved mood
� Stress reduction
� Improved memory
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THEORISTS
� Jung/Freud
� Symbolism
� Unconscious communication
� Collective unconscious- archetypes
� Winnicott
Play/creativity� Play/creativity
� Holding environment
� Transitional space
� Rogers
� Unconditional positive regard
� Permission
� Human potential
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BRIDGING THE GAP
� Music therapy is helpful in bridging the gap
between nonverbal content and outward
expression
� Music has the power to call up emotions from the
unconscious unconscious
� Music has been seen as a therapeutic ally to the
verbal approached to counseling. It links people
together and gives them a common denominator
with which to relate
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USING MUSIC IN THERAPY
� Projective: Song selection by clients is a kind of “projective technique” that reveals the needs of the unconscious for certain types of stimuli
� Cathartic: facilitates emotional expression.
� Mastery: promotes self awareness and understandingMastery: promotes self awareness and understanding
� Identity Development: self-identity is strongly influenced by their shared values with certain performers, composers, and other listeners.
� Interpersonal connection: feeling known and understood. Clients find that many of the words, sounds, and feelings that these people embrace as their own originated with someone else.
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BENEFITS OF CREATIVE ARTS IN
THERAPY(GLADDING, 1982)
� Connectedness
� Energy and process
� Focus
� Creativity
New sense of self� New sense of self
� Concreteness
� Insight
� Socialization and cooperation
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MUSIC IN THERAPY VS. MUSIC AS THERAPY
� Therapists can use music in therapy by utilizing
specific techniques or exercises within the
context of the clients goals for therapy
� One not need be a Music Therapist to use music
in therapyin therapy
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MUSIC PREFERENCE
(RENTFROW & GOSLING, 2003)
�Reflective and Complex
�Classical, Jazz, Blues, Folk� Greater openness to new experiences
� High self-perceived intelligence
� Better verbal ability� Better verbal ability
� Political liberalism
� Inventive
� Value aesthetic experiences
� Not socially dominant
� Not athletic
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MUSIC PREFERENCE
� Intense and Rebellious
� Alternative Rock, Hard Rock, Metal
� Open to new experiences
� High self-perceived intelligence
� High verbal abilityHigh verbal ability
� No relation to neuroticism
� No relation to conscientiousness
� Curious
� Enjoy taking risks
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MUSIC PREFERENCE
�Upbeat and Conventional
�Country, Pop, Religious� Very extroverted
� Agreeable
� High in Conscientiousness� High in Conscientiousness
� High Self-perceived attractiveness
� Athletic
� Not open to new experiences
� Politically conservative
� Helpful
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MUSIC PREFERENCE
� Energetic and Rhythmic
� Dance, Hip-Hop/Rap, Soul/Funk
� High Extroversion
� Very agreeable
� Politically liberalPolitically liberal
� High Self-perceived attractiveness
� Low social dominance orientation
� Talkative
� Energetic
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3 WAYS TO USE MUSIC(CHARMORRO-PREMUZIC, SWAMI, FURNHAM, & MAAKIP, 2009)
�Emotional use
� Using music to induce moods
� Link with neuroticism
�Cognitive use
� Analyzing structure or parts played by Analyzing structure or parts played by
different instruments
� Link with openness
�Background/social use
� Using, tolerating, and enjoying music while
working, socializing, studying
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WAYS TO USE MUSIC IN THERAPY
� Emotional Expression
� Rapport Building
� Sensory Cues for Memory
� Music as Form of Narrative Therapy
Music Taste as Identity� Music Taste as Identity
� Creating Emotional Reactions
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WAYS TO USE MUSIC IN THERAPY
� Music Artists as Role Models
� Music as a Coping Strategy
� Music to Promote Identity Development
� Music for Mastery
Sharing Music to Connect with Others� Sharing Music to Connect with Others
� Music as a Diagnostic Tool
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WAYS TO USE MUSIC IN THERAPY
o Your goals and techniques
o Case presentations
o Comments and questions
Handouts available on the CCNY website