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SE Asia West Asia
ASIA
SE Asia
Physical Geography of Myanmar
Shan Plateau
Patkai bum
Chin Hills
Arakan Yoma
Pegu Yoma
Kum
on ra
nge
Tria
ngle
rang
e
Bilauktang Range
Irrawaddy river
Chin
dwin
rive
r
Salween river
Gulf of Martaban
North – KachinEast – ShanWest – ChinSouth- KarensSE– RakhineCE – KayahCentral – Bamar
Ethnic diversity in Myanmar
Kachin
Chin
Karens
ShanRakhine
Kayah
Bamar
British – Myanmar, MalaysiaFrance – Vietnam, Laos, CambodiaThailand never colonized
Thailand
Physical geography of Thailand
Korat Plateau
Daw
ana range
Isthm
us o
f Kra
Chao Phraya river
Mekong riveer
Shan Plateau
Rain shadow regionMilletTin, Tungsten, lead and sulphur reserve
Shifting cultivationRubber plantationNickel, lead, zinc reserve
Korat Plateau
•Philippines – 7500 islands•Manila located on largest island – Luzon•Manila- HQ of Asia Development Bank and IRRI
Philippines
Physical Geography of Indonesia
Kalimattan
Indonesian archipelago- largest in world (>13500 islands)
4th most populous country in worldJava – most populated island in world2/3th area under forestForest are cleared for rubber and oil palm plantation
Coffee is grown on volcanic mountains, west Java
Indonesia
•Western peninsula more populated than eastern plain•Most cities are on western side•Tin reserve, oil and gas reserve, Rubber plantation and fishing
Physical Geography of Malaysia
•City-state•Highest population density in the world•Port of call•Located on important SoC- strait of Malacca•highly educated labour force to attract MNCs
Singapore
Johare Strait
Strait of Malcca
Tropic of Cancer passes through only Myanmar in SE Asia
Only Indonesia has land south of equator in SE Asia
Indonesia predominately in southern hemisphere
Equator passes through Sumatra and Borneo (x Java)
SE Asia
Facts
Salween
Irrawaddy
Mekong
Chao Phraya
Red river
Rivers of SE Asia
•Origin – Tibet north of Lhasa•Largest river of Myanmar•Drains into gulf of Mottama (Martaban)
Salween River
•Originate within Myanmar •2 head ward stream Mali and Nmai•Tri. Chindwin (Patkai Bum, Manipur)
Irrawaddy River
•Rice bowl of Myanmar•Mandalay located on it•Teak trees•Mouth of Irrawaddy: petroleum reserve, Tungsten, Lead, Silver, Zinc
Irrawaddy
•Origin – Tibet – Khingai, Yunnan•Boundary between Myanmar and Laos, Laos and Thailand•Delta of Mekong known as Cochin China
Mekong River
•Longest river of SE Asia•Life line of Cambodia• Its valley is famous for rice cultivation
Mekong River
•Lifeline of Thailand•Navigable•Rice cultivation and Teak forest on its banks
Chao Phraya River
•Originates from Yunnan plateau, China•Drains into Gulf of Tonkin• It carries Irregular volume of water and large amount of silt•Haiphong- outport of Hanoi located on its delta
Red river (Hong)
Rivers CitiesMekong Vientiane (Capital of Laos)
Phnom Penh (Cambodia)Hong Hanoi (Capital of Vietnam)Chao Phraya Bangkok (Thailand)Irrawaddy Yangon, Mandalay
Mainland SE Asia – south west Monsoon
Island nations -Equatorial climateTropical cyclones in late summer
climate
Monsoon pattern in SE Asia
South West winds
North East winds
Equatorial Rainfall
•Cyclones are frequent in Philippines and Vietnamd•Poverty and poor infrastructure increase vulnerability•Philippines- world’s highest disaster risk country
Typhoons in late summer
Main source of livelihood except in Brunei and Singapore
Wet-paddy cultivationMajor export crops of there region are cacao, coffee, and spices
Agriculture in South East Asia
•Rubber and palm oil are significant in Malaysia, Indonesia, and southern Thailand
Rubber and Palm oil
• Coconuts and sugar are important in the Philippines
Coconut and sugarcane
•Cocoa- equatorial crop• Indonesia one of the top producer•Vietnam and Philippines also grow Cocoa
Cocoa cultivation
•The cultivation of opium poppies is important in parts of Myanmar and Thailand.•Used to make narcotic drugs like heroin + also used in medicinal purpose
Opium Poppy
Agro-advancement in Malaysia and Thailand but very little in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam
Hunger malnutrition in Cambodia because of crop failures and internal strife.
Status of Agriculture in South East Asia
Crude oil
Natural gas
Tin
Important Minerals of SE Asia
•Major gas producer of SE Asia•Oil- onshore Salin basin (Minbu) and Yadana•Gas- Yadana and Yetagun fields•Shwe natural gas project in the Rakhine Basin – export to China
Crude oil reserve of Myanmar
Salin Basin
YadanaYetagun
Shwe Gas field
• 2009, Burma and China decided to construct twin crude oil and gas pipelines running • from Burma’s port of Kyaukphyu to Kunming in China
Myanmar-China pipeline
Shwe Gas field
Tenasserim region of Myanmar
Tenasserim River
Tenasserim Range
Tin, Tungsten and Iron ore
mines (Tavoy, Mergui)
•Sumatra:•Duri and Minas•East Java basin (Banyu Urip, Jambaran, and Cendana)• Kutei Basin •Western Papua
Crude oil reserve in Indonesia
DuriMinas
Banyu Urip
Jambaran
Cendana
Kutei Basin
Western Papua
•One of the largest exporter of natural gas•The Mahakam, offshore East Kalimantan•Bintuni Bay and the Central Sulawesi region•Abadi gas field, Arafura sea
Natural Gas reserve of Indonesia
Aceh region
Mahakam
Sulawesi Bintuni Bay
Abadi
•Tapis field in the offshore Malay Basin•Bertam oilfield in the Penyu Basin• Kikeh and Kakap oil field, Sabah
Crude oil reserve of Malaysia
Malay Basin
Penyu Basin
Sabah Basin
•Luconia Basin, Sarawak•Kebabangan, Sabah
Natural Gas reserve of Malaysia
Sabah Basin
Sarawak Basin
•3th Largest crude oil reserve in Asia•Cuu Long Basin•Nam con son•Phu Kahn basin•ONGC videsh - Phu Kahn Basin
Petroleum reserve of Vietnam
South China Sea
Petroleum reserve in SE Asia
Tin reserve in SE Asia
Kinta ValleyKelang Valley
Singkep is.Bangka Is.
Belitung Is.
Samui Is.Phangan Is.
Thailand, Malaysia,
and Indonesia - more than
half of world Tin
production
Iron ore in Indonesia
In Thailand, Myanmar and the Philippines, textiles industries
chemical industry in Thailand and Indonesia
Industrial development in SE Asia
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SE Asia West Asia
ASIA