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GCSE Russian
Verbs in the present tense
and an introduction to reflexive verbs
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There are three main conjugations in Russian:
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There are three main conjugations in Russian:
1a
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There are three main conjugations in Russian:
1a 1b
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There are three main conjugations in Russian:
1a 21b
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When you know 1a . . .
. . . the other conjugations are easy.
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E.g. читать (to read)
Remove –ть to form the stem of the verb.
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читать to read
я читаю I readты читаешь you readон читает he readsмы читаем we readвы читаете you readони читают they read
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Some other 1a verbs:думать - to thinkработать - to workотдыхать - to relaxсобирать - to collectплавать - to swim
Change the endings of these verbs as necessary:Then translate what you have written
1. Я работать на заводе в центре города.2. Мы собирать газеты.3. Они плавать по субботам. 4. Иван думать, что Москва – хороший город.5. Вы отдыхать в клубе?
читать to readя читаю I ты читаешьyouон читаетheмы читаемweвы читаетеyouони читаютthey
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Some other 1a verbs:думать - to thinkработать - to workотдыхать - to relaxсобирать - to collectплавать - to swim
Translate these sentences into Russian:
1. I work in the park.2. She collects badges.3. They swim in a pool.4. Ivan and Natasha think Sheffield is a modern city.5. We relax in the theatre in London.
читать to readя читаю I ты читаешьyouон читаетheмы читаемweвы читаетеyouони читаютthey
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читать to read
я чита I ты чита youон чита heмы чита weвы чита youони чита they
ю
ешь
ет ем
ете
ют
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Conjugation 1b is similar to 1a
. . . just the little matter of the stem.
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E.g. мыть (to wash)
You need to know the stem of the verb, then you can put the endings on.
The stem is given in the dictionary, after the infinitive.
Have a look in a dictionary now.
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E.g. мыть (to wash)
What is the stem?я мою I ты моешь youон моет heмы моем weвы моете youони моют they
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Using a dictionary, complete this chart
Infinitive Stem 1st person singular
вставать (to stand up) я ............................
плыть (to float) я ............................
рисовать (to draw) я ............................
организовать (to organise) я ............................
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Write out the conjugation of рисоватья I
ты youон heмы weвы youони they
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What have you learned up to now?
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There are two more interesting facts about conjugation 1b.
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We saw earlier that 1a and 1b verbs have the same endings:
-ю, -ешь, -ет, -ем, -ете, -ют
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We saw earlier that 1a and 1b verbs have the same endings:
-ю, -ешь, -ет, -ем, -ете, -ют
But if the stem ends in a consonant, the endings are slightly different:
-у, -ешь, -ет, -ем, -ете, -утя встану мы встанем
ты встанешь вы встанетеон встанет они встанут
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And the other interesting fact about conjugation 1b?
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If the stress of the verb happens to be on the end, look what happens:
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If the stress of the verb happens to be on the end, look what happens:
-ю, -ёшь, -ёт, -ём, -ёте, -ют
-у, -ёшь, -ёт, -ём, -ёте, -ут
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What have you learned up to now about:
1a verbs?formation?endings?
1b verbs?stem?vowel stem endings?consonant stem endings?When does ё appear?
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Conjugation 2has two very interestingfeatures . . .. . . but first, the basics:
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tsty
For conjugation 2, remove the last three letters of the infinitive, e.g. звонить (to phone)
я звоню мы звонимты звонишь вы звонитеон звонит они звонят
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tsty
Now try to put the endings in the correct place:
я звон __ мы звон__ты звон__ вы звон__он звон__ они звон__
ишь ят ю ите ит им
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But that’s not all!
For conjugation 2 you also need to know about:
• The в, м, ф, п, б rule
and
• Consonant mutation
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• The в, м, ф, п, б rule
When the stem of the verb ends in one of the above letters, the first person singular has an л in it.
E.g. любить
я люблю мы любимты любишь вы любитеон любит они любят
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• Consonant mutation
When the stem of a conjugation 2 verb ends in certain letters, mutation takes place as follows:
Stem ending in: Mutates as follows for first person
singular
д ж
з ж
с ш
ст щ
т ч
E.g.
ходить
я хожу мы ходимты ходишь вы ходитеон ходить они ходят
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An introduction to reflexive verbsThere are reflexive
verbs in each
conjugation.
The infinitive has the ending –
сяE.g.
умываться.See the
exampleon the next
slide.
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умываться – to get washed
я умываюсь мы умываемсяты умываешься вы умываетесьон умываетсяся они умываются
Use the ending -сь after a vowel.Use the ending -ся after a consonant or a soft sign.