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Gas Hydrate as a Resource - Statoil’s Hydrate Initiative
Thomas Reichel & Jarle Husebø Exploration Global New Ventures / R&D Explore Unconventionals
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Outline
• Gas hydrate occurances & resource potential
• Gas hydrate research in Norway
• Statoil’s external collaborations
• Statoil’s internal Gas Hydrate Focus
• Gas hydrates in Norway
Norwegian Sea
Barentssea
Svalbard
Gas Hydrates – New Value Chain
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Gas hydrate occurrances in Northern-Europe
?
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from R. Boswell and B. Waite (in prep.)
Statoil interest in Natural Gas Hydrates – Modes of Gas Hydrate Occurrence in Nature
Hydrate-bearing sand
Water-bearing sand
Free gas
~400 m water depth
Permafrost
Marine Clays
Hydrate-bearing Deformed Clay
Gas Hydrate Stability Boundary
Chimney Structures; veins & nodules 1
2
3
4
5
6
Disseminated pore-fill at base of GHSZ Strata-bound deformed clays; veins and nodules Pore-fill sands Pore-fill in sands with local sourcing Seafloor mounds
1 1 2 2
2 3
4
4 4
5
6 6
Gas (C1-C3) migration from depth
Gas migration from depth
Perhaps the major controlling factor on where gas hydrate forms is lithology (sand) and availability of CH4
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Gas-hydrate-bearing sands seem the most feasible initial targets for energy recovery
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The Gas Hydrate Potential in Norway – Gas Hydrate Research Institutes in Norway
University in Bergen (Prof. H. Haflidason, Prof. B. Kvamme, Prof, A. Graue)
• GANS-Project
University in Tromsø (Prof. J. Mienert, Dr. S. Buenz)
NGU – Norwegian Geological Survey (Dr. S. Chand)
NGI – Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (Dr. T. Kvalstad, Dr. M. Vanneste)
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Statoil External collaboration partners NDP-Norwegian Deepwater Program
• Statoil active member since 1997
• Gas hydrate reasearch since early 2000
JIP GoM (DOE, Chevron)
• Gas hydrate exploration and reservoir analysis
UNEP GRID-Arendal
• Gas hydrate global outlook
RDC GeoEXPLORE (C-Core)
• Geoseismic survey offshore New Foundland since 2011
• Gas hydrate mapping on existing data
LBNL (Prof G. Moridis)
• Production simulation studies (Gulf of Mexico)
IFM-GEOMAR (Prof K. Wallmann) – Gas Hydrate Basin Modelling
• funding of Post-Doc ( planned 2012),
University of Bergen
• Gas hydrate research funding of student program starting 2012 (Prof B. Kvamme, Prof. A. Graue)
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Statoil Internal Gas Hydrate Focus Exploration Technology
• Global Screening for Hydrates
• R & D Geological and Geophysical Research
Drilling & Production Technology
• Hydrates as Geohazard during drilling
• R & D production strategies from Hydrates
• Flow Assurance
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Statoil Internal Gas Hydrate Focus
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Gas Hydrate Indications on the Mid-Norway Continental Margin
GANS-Project (2006-2010) within NDP-Consortium
3 working areas
Norwegian continental margin
Barentssea
Western Svalbard Margin
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~ 4000 km2
• widespread BSR in seismic data • fluid migration-gas chimneys
Gas Hydrate Indications on the Mid-Norway Continental Margin
(from NDP-seabed project 2004)
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Gas Hydrate Indications on the Mid-Norway Continental Margin
Resources • Huge GIP ~ 150-1400 GSm3 • Poor reservoir quality • Low (0,2 GSm3/km2)
resource density, ~ comparable to similar hydrate provinces
Results • evidence for thermogenic
sources • migration along deep seated
polygonal faults • gas hydrates act as “broken”
seal • Migration can reach seabed
to from large vent sites/pockmarks
from Plaza-Faverola et al. 2010b
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Gas Hydrate Stability Conditions in the Barents Sea
from Chand et al. (2008)
• CH4 hydrate probably not stable
• Presence of BSR and hydrate sample suggest thermogenic gas source
Remaining issues:
• Geothermal gradient?
• Reservoir?
Thickness of GHSZ
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Statoil’s Gas Hydrate Initiative in Norway – Shallow gas/gas hydrate exploration in SW Barents Sea (Skrugard)
Index map from Laberg & Andreassen (1996); VAMP model from Scholl et al. (2007)
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Gas Hydrate potential on Svalbard
Mallik (MH21) Milne Point (BP)
Messoyakha Svalbard?
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Western Svalbard Margin Resource Assessment
from Buenz et al (2009)
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Western Svalbard Margin Resource Assessment
• ~90 m thick GHSZ • Hydrate concentrations (modelled) of up to
12 % of pore space
from Westbrook et al. (2008)
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Permafrost on Svalbard
Permafrost in well hole (•) registered in logs (T)
Modelled Permafrost
thickness (m)
up to 600m
from Etzelmueller (UiO)
Gas Hydrate potential on Svalbard
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• Confirmed:
− continous permafrost, within GHSZ
− assumed good reservoir properties
− observations of gas from exploration wells
• Unsure:
− Traps under the permafrost?
− Are sands present along the base of the gas hydrate stability zone?
Svalbard Permafrost
Kapp Laila-1
Gas Hydrate potential on Svalbard
GHSZ = Gas hydrate stability zone
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20 - Classification: Internal (Restricted Distribution) 2011-09-05
Gas Hydrate is of Global Significance because
1. Of the potential energy resource represented by the large amount of hydrocarbon trapped in the hydrate phase
3. Of the hazard that accumulations of gas hydrate may pose to near-shore communities (geo-hazard), drilling and seabed installations (drilling hazard)
Mega-tsunami
2. It may play a role in global climate change
Global heating?
Energy resource?
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Gas Hydrate as a Resource - Statoil’s Hydrate Initiative Thomas Reichel & Jarle Husebø [email protected], tel: +47 906 89 560 www.statoil.com
Thank you
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22 - Classification: Internal (Restricted Distribution) 2011-05-31
The Gas Hydrate Potential in Norway – Gas Hydrate Formation Requirements
1. Suitable P & T regime
2. Petroleum System (gas source, migration path, reservoir & trap)
3. Formation water
Source: Hester & Brewer (2009)
GHOSZ Thickness: • Pressure & Temperature • Gas composition • Gas saturation • Salinity • Pore size
SO42- reduction & Anaerobic
oxidation of CH4
Marine Basins Permafrost Areas
300-600 m
0.5-1 km (2-20 °C)
100-300 m
Several 100s of m (-10-20 °C)
1 1
1 Hydrate to gas transition