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Fundamental Imaging Characteristics and
Resolution of Metal Alloys
By
Marc G. Apple, M.D.
Mark Michael
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FWM’s Mission Statement
Fort Wayne Metals was founded and continues to grow because of our dedication to the medical device field
“Our mission is to continuously improve the quality of our products, the speed and efficiency with which we respond to our customers requests, and the knowledge of the materials we work with and recommend.”
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Typical Wire Application Need
DiameterStrengthFatigueCorrosion ResistanceElectrical ResistanceFormability
But Now…
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Imaging
What size wire should I use?Which alloy will work best?Will flat wire be better than round?How can we find answers?
– What modality will you use?– What is a good image?– What technology will be used?
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Where did we start
Most implantable wires lose imaging capability under .004”(.1mm)
The best still perform around .001”(.025mm)
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The Concept
Choose wire diameters from .001” to .011” (.025mm to .28mm)
Choose common alloys and candidate alloys
Mount in stable fashionCharacterize using common
modalities
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Wire Diameters#100 #50 #25 #20 #15 #10 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 .25 .18 .127 .114 .098 .080 .057 .051 .044 .036 .025.0100 .0071 .0050 .0045 .0040 .0032 .0023 .0020 .0017 .0014 .0010(100x) (50x) (25x) (20x) (15x) (10x) (5x) (4x) (3x) (2x) (1x)
90 Pt 10 Ni
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Candidate Alloys and Materials
MP35NCommercially Pure TitaniumTantalumNitinolPlatinum-10 NiDBS(7)MP-DFT® 28AgConi-DFT® 33Pt
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Candidate Alloys and Materials
304V316LVMGoldPlatinumL605Custom 455
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Selecting Modalities
Dr. Marc Apple at Parkview Oncology Center
Discuss imaging from a clinician point of view
Choose common modalities: Ximatron Hi-Res FluoroscopyPicker PQS CT Scanning SimulatorSiemans Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Ximatron Hi-Res Fluoroscopy100 cm source to surface distance110kv; 25ma; 3mas, 1.5mag latitude for technician
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Typical Fluoroscopic Image
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Ximatron Image Comparison
Tantalum
90 Pt-10Ni
Coni-DFT®
-33Pt
MP-DFT®
-28Ag
MP35N
DBS(7)
Nitinol
CP Titanium
Bolus Air
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Clinician Comments
Amazed at variation due to equipment set up
Observed “zebra stripe effect” in bird’s eye view
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Picker “PQS” System “CT Scan”
130kv; 150ma; pitch=1.5
latitude for technician
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CT scan Image Reconstruction Options
Name Windows Level Map Type Description K#
Default 300 40 Ramp Simple Default 0
Lung 1 600 -300 Ramp Simple Scanner 5
Lung 2 120 -650 Ramp Simple Scanner 6
Modified head bone
2516 258 Ramp Simple Scanner 1
Normal Bone
0 210 Step Simple DRR 43
Fat 150 -100 Boxcar Simple 3-D 23
Chest 1060 -900 Ramp Simple 2-D/MPR 21
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CT Scan of Wire FrameThanks toKatie Shively, R.T.T.Parkview HospitalRegional Cancer CenterFort Wayne, Indiana
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Picker Image Comparison
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Variables in Imaging
Media- Impact of bolus was significant
Default equipment settings
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Siemens “Magnetom Harmony” magnetic resonance imaging
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MRI Measurement Parameters
“Magnetom Harmony” Class1.0 Tesla magnetic fieldOperated at a 42 M#2 frequencyUsed head coil with IR=415.015 internal slices with 3-D reconst3.00mm slice thickness, 0 skip192 x 256 matrixContrast setting W=792-798, C=369-376All images obtained using T-1 weighting
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Typical MRI Image
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MRI Comparison
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Variables in Imaging
Head coil was necessary to obtain images
Resolution was better than presented images
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Next Step Options
Explore impact of form on imaging (flat wire, strand, cable, shapes)
Explore surface condition impact (plating, oxides, textures)
Move on to other Modalities (Ultrasound)
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Conclusions
Novel pilot study to preemptively evaluate tissue equivalent characteristics before prototype devices
This protocol may prove useful as reference data for diameter and material selection