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From Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair
Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design
Edition 5, © Addison-Wesley 2012
Slides for Chapter 20: Distributed Multimedia Systems
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.1A distributed multimedia system
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.2Characteristics of typical multimedia streams
Data rate(approximate)
Sample or frame size frequency
Telephone speech 64 kbps 8 bits 8000/secCD-quality sound 1.4 Mbps 16 bits 44,000/secStandard TV video(uncompressed)
120 Mbps up to 640 x 480pixels x 16 bits
24/sec
Standard TV video (MPEG-1 compressed)
1.5 Mbps variable 24/sec
HDTV video(uncompressed)
1000–3000 Mbps up to 1920 x 1080pixels x 24 bits
24–60/sec
HDTV videoMPEG-2 compressed)
10–30 Mbps variable 24–60/sec
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.3Typical infrastructure components for multimedia applications
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.4QoS specifications for components of the application shown in Figure 20.3
Component Bandwidth Latency Loss rate Resources required
Camera Out: 10 frames/sec, raw video640x480x16 bits
Zero
A Codec In:Out:
10 frames/sec, raw videoMPEG-1 stream
Interactive Low 10 ms CPU each 100 ms;10 Mbytes RAM
B Mixer In:Out:
2 44 kbps audio1 44 kbps audio
Interactive Very low 1 ms CPU each 100 ms;1 Mbytes RAM
H Windowsystem
In:Out:
various50 frame/sec framebuffer
Interactive Low 5 ms CPU each 100 ms; 5 Mbytes RAM
K Networkconnection
In/Out: MPEG-1 stream, approx.1.5 Mbps
Interactive Low 1.5 Mbps, low-lossstream protocol
L Networkconnection
In/Out: Audio 44 kbps Interactive Very low 44 kbps, very low-lossstream protocol
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.5The QoS manager’s task
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.6Traffic shaping algorithms
Token generator
(a) Leaky bucket (b) Token bucket
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.7The RFC 1363 Flow Spec
Protocol version
Maximum transmission unit
Token bucket rate
Token bucket size
Maximum transmission rate
Minimum delay noticed
Maximum delay variation
Loss sensitivity
Burst loss sensitivity
Loss interval
Quality of guarantee
Bandwidth:
Delay:
Loss:
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.8Filtering
SourceTargets
High bandwidth
Medium bandwidth
Low bandwidth
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.9Tiger video file server hardware configuration
Controller
Cub 0 Cub 1 Cub 2 Cub 3 Cub n
ATM switching network
video distribution to clientsStart/Stop
requests from clients
low-bandwidth network
high-bandwidth
0 n+1 1 n+2 2 n+3 n+4 n 2n+13
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.10Tiger schedule
012
slot 0
viewer 4
slot 1
free
slot 2
free
slot 3
viewer 0
slot 4
viewer 3
slot 5
viewer 2
slot 6
free
slot 7
viewer 1
block play time Tblock service
time t
state state state state state
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.11BitTorrent Terminology
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.12Approaches to real-time video streaming
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Instructor’s Guide for Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair, Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design Edn. 5 © Pearson Education 2012
Figure 20.13An example tree in ESM